Ch. 7: Introduction to Cell Physiology T3

A mother has just been told that her child has cancer and will need chemotherapy. The mother is worried about side effects. What is the nurse's best response?

"An immediate side effect of many chemotherapy agents is nausea and vomiting. There are medications that can be given prior to chemotherapy to lessen these side effects."

A parent hears the health care provider using the word extravasation. The parent asks the nurse what extravasation means. What would be a correct answer?

"Extravasation is when fluid escapes from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissue."

The client is instructed to return to the clinic after calling and reporting various concerns. The nurse alerts the primary health care provider after noting which signs on the assessment? Select all that apply. -Greenish-yellow stools -Hematuria -Bleeding gums -Bright green emesis -Petechiae

-Hematuria -Bleeding gums -Petechiae

When making a presentation on the cell, what should a nursing student describe as the main structural and functional parts of the cell? Select all that apply. -The cytoplasm -Golgi apparatus -The nucleus -The cell membrane -Lysosomes

-The cytoplasm -The nucleus -The cell membrane

A client has chosen to be placed on hospice. Which is acceptable chemotherapy for a client on hospice?

A palliative chemo.

The cell membrane is composed of:

A phospholipid structure

Golgi Apparatus

A series of flattened sacs in the cytoplasm that prepare hormones or other substances for secretion and may produce lysosomes and store other synthesized proteins.

The sodium-potassium pump maintains a negative charge on the cell membrane by:

Active transport.

S Phase

Duplicates DNA(mapping or imprinting)

Lysosomes

Encapsulated digestive enzymes found within a cell; they digest old or damaged areas of the cell and responsible for destroying the cell when the membrane ruptures and the cell dies.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Fine network of interconnected channels known as cisternae found in the cytoplasm; site of chemical reactions within the cell.

All cells progress through basically the same cell cycle, including

Four active phases and a resting phase.

A patient is receiving carboplatin. The nurse would expect to administer this drug by which route?

IV

Cytoplasm

Lies within the cell membrane; contains organelles fro producing proteins, energy, and so on.

Cell Cycle

Life cycle of the cell, which includes the phases G0,G, S, G2, and M phase the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Cell membrane

Lipoprotein structure that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment; regulates what can enter and leave a cell.

The saying "one rotten apple can spoil the whole barrel," can be used to refer to the cell-degrading properties of:

Lysosomes.

Once the cell has produced all substances necessary for the formation of a new cell mitosis occurs. In what phase of the cell cycle does this occur? -G2 Phase -G0 Phase -M phase -S Phase

M phase

Ribosomes

Membranous structures that are the sites of protein production within a cell.

M Phase

Mitosis occurs(breaking apart)

Diffusion

Movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a concentration gradient.

Osmosis

Movement of water form an area of of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration in an attempt to equalize the concentrations.

In caring for clients undergoing chemotherapy, the nurse should monitor for what adverse effective triggered by the cytotoxic effect of the antineoplastic medication therapy? Select all that apply. nausea increased urine output diarrhea peripheral neuropathy mucositis

Nausea mucositis diarrhea

G-2 Phase

Pre-mitotic Phase

The ribosomes are important sites for

Production of proteins.

A patient who is receiving an immune modulator has been admitted to the unit. What would be a priority action by the nurse?

Protect the pt. from exposure to infection.

Exocytosis

Removal of substances from a cell by pushing them through the cell.

Mitochondria

Rod-shaped organelles that produce energy within the cell cytoplasm.

Genes

Sequences of DNA that control basic cell functions and allow for cell division.

Lipoprotein

Structure composed of proteins and lipids; the bipolar arrangement of the lipids monitors substances passing in and out of cells.

G-1 Phase:

Synthesizes(gathering) material needed to duplicate DNA.

The basic unit of the human structure is:

The cell

Endocytosis

The process of engulfing substances and moving them into a cell by extending the cell membrane around the substance; pinocytosis are two kinds of this.

G-0 Phase

The resting phase of the cell.

What measure protects the nurse when preparing cytotoxic drugs?

Wearing protective equipment such as gloves, mask, and gown.

Some substances require a channel or pore to enter a cell membrane. Which of the following substances use a channel to enter the cell? a.Ca b.Urea c.Fat-soluble vitamins. d.Na e.O2 f.K

a.Ca d.Na f.K

Some substances will pass into the human cell by simple diffusion. Which of the following substances diffuse into the cell? a. Ca b.(N)Nitrogen c.Na d.CO2 e.O2 f.K

b.(N)Nitrogen d.CO2 e.O2

The amount of time that a cell take to progress through the cell cycle is determined by which of the following? a. the acidity of the environment. b.the genetic makeup of the cell c.The location of the cell in the body d.The number of ribosomes in the body e.the cell response to contact inhibition f.the availability of nutrients and oxygen.

b.the genetic makeup of the cell e.the cell response to contact inhibition f.the availability of nutrients and oxygen.

After teaching a group of nursing students about antimetabolite drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which as an example?

capecitabine

A client with ovarian cancer is being treated with carboplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent. The nurse recognizes that this drug interferes with cellular physiology resulting in:

cellular death or alterations.

A 57-year-old male patient who has been prescribed doxorubicin for small-cell lung cancer is advised by the nurse to avoid taking aspirin or drugs that contain aspirin because it may:

promote bleeding.

Histocompatibility Antigens

proteins found on the surface of the cell membrane; they are determined by the genetic code and provide cellular identity as a self-cell (i.e., a cell belonging to that individual).

What is the first action by the oncology nurse when observing extravasation with the client receiving vincristine?

stop the infusion

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values of a client who has a urinary tract infection. Which cells protect the body from microorganisms?

wbc