Ch 8 Quiz
It was _____ who wrote, "It is quite true that man lives by bread alone—where there is no bread. But what happens to man's desires when there is plenty of bread and when his belly is chronically filled? At once other (and 'higher') needs emerge and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism. And when these in turn are satisfied, again new (and still 'higher') needs emerge, and so on. That is what we mean by saying that the basic human needs are organized into a hierarchy of relative prepotency."
Abraham Maslow
Psychologist David Buss conducted a large-scale survey of more than 10,000 people in 37 different cultures on the general topic of mate preferences. What did Buss find
Across all cultures, men were more likely than women to value youth and physical attractiveness in a potential mate
Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Maslow's theory of motivation
Because of Maslow's influence, psychology was encouraged to focus on the motivation and development of psychologically healthy people
According to _____ theories of motivation, behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs
Drive
Which of the following statements is FALSE
Getting only about 5 hours of sleep a night is an effective strategy for reducing appetite and losing weight
Which of the following increases the sensitivity of the stomach's stretch receptors and promotes satiation?
Hormone Cholecystokinin
According to the _____ theory of emotion, your subjective emotional experience is the direct result of physical changes in your body
James-Lange
According to Maslow's theory of motivation
all people are motivated by an inborn tendency to strive for self-actualization
Glucose is
also called blood sugar and is the primary source of energy in your body
Milton claims that his dog Moxie is a real clown and that his antics and fooling around are always aimed at getting a laugh. He says Moxie has a great sense of humor. Milton appears to be attributing human traits and emotions to his dog, a phenomenon called
anthropomorphism
Charles Darwin
believed that the capacity to experience emotion is an evolved trait that humans share with lower animals
Cholecystokinin is
both a hormone and a neurotransmitter that increases the sensitivity of stretch receptors in the stomach, promotes satiation, and reduces or stops eating behavior
Rats with a damaged amygdala
cannot acquire a classically conditioned fear response
Psychologists define the term _____ as a complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response
emotion
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages of human sexual response
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Paralyzing facial muscles with Botox may make people who have had the procedure less able to recognize emotional expressions in others. The explanation given for this finding is that
feedback from our facial muscles helps us understand emotional expressions in others, and Botox prevents that from happening
In looking at gender differences in emotion, psychologist Agneta Fischer and her colleagues analyzed cross-cultural data from 37 countries around the world. The researchers found that across cultures
for both men and women, the expression of emotions is strongly influenced by culturally determined display rules
Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer developed an approach that helps people achieve their goals. What are the two key strategies of Gollwitzer's approach?
forming goal intentions and creating implementation intentions
In comparing the incidence of homosexuality—either male or female—among pairs of identical twins, fraternal twins, and adoptive siblings, the research seems to indicate that
genetic factors play a role in determining sexual orientation
Getting too little sleep can promote weight gain by
increasing blood levels of ghrelin and decreasing blood levels of leptin
In collectivistic cultures, achievement motivation tends to reflect
increasing the success or status of one's family or group
The Focus on Neuroscience box "Emotions and the Brain" describes a PET scan study by researcher Antonio Damasio and his colleagues. The study found that when participants recalled an emotionally charged memory
internal brain changes occurred before the participant reported subjectively feeling the emotion
The hormone leptin
is secreted by adipose tissue that signals the hypothalamus, regulating hunger and eating behavior
The Thematic Apperception Test
is used to measure achievement motivation, or the need for achievement
As a junior in college, Nicholas has earned good grades in all of his classes. Despite this, he keeps putting off enrolling in English Composition I and II because he is convinced that he lacks the writing skills necessary to succeed in those classes. According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology box "Turning Your Goals into Reality," Nicholas's beliefs about his writing skills reflect a
low degree of self-efficacy
Karen has a body mass index of 28, which means that she is
overweight, but not obese
The Focus on Neuroscience feature discusses a PET scan study comparing the brains of normal-weight individuals and obese individuals. One finding in the study was that compared with the normal-weight individuals, the obese individuals had
significantly fewer dopamine receptors in their brains
High blood levels of the hormone ghrelin
stimulate appetite and eating behavior
When Graham was taking his first ride up the steep slope at the beginning of the Mighty Mouse Roller Coaster ride, he became aware of his high level of physiological arousal. He then began to feel very fearful. The sequence of events in Graham's emotional experience reflects_______ theory of emotion
the James-Lange
When Darlene, a cashier, looked up and saw the frightening face of the bank robber with a gun in front of her, she was terrified. What was the sequence of activation of structures in her brain when she saw the threatening stimulus
the thalamus and then the amygdala
