ch2, Chapter 1: Project Mangement

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. a- incremental build life cycle b- RAD life cycle c- waterfall life cycle d- spiral life cycle

waterfall life cycle

Which of the following is true of projects?

They have a unique purpose

A project's stakeholders consist of its customers, users, and suppliers.

True

Every project should have a well defined objective.

True

Maturity models, statistical methods, and test plans are examples of tools used in quality management.

True

One of the main reasons why project management is challenging is because of the factor of uncertainty.

True

Program managers are change agents.

True

Project human resource management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with a project.

True

Project managers work with the project sponsors to define success for particular projects.

True

Opponents of a project do not belong to the category of stakeholders.

False

Project procurement management primarily involves identifying stakeholder needs while managing their engagement throughout the life of the project.

False

Questions about how a team will track schedule performance is related to a project's scope.

False

Responsibility assignment matrices and project organizational charts are examples of tools used in procurement management.

False

The enterprise project management software, which aids project and portfolio management, is a lowend tool.

False

The importance of stakeholders' needs and expectations is limited to the beginning of a project.

False

The only responsibility of a project manager is to meet the specific scope, time, and cost goals of a project.

False

The primary role of project stakeholder management is to ensure that the project will satisfy the stated needs for which it was undertaken.

False

To be a successful manager, the only skills an IT project manager needs to possess is excellent technical skills.

False

Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development? a- In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration. b- Agile is a predictive model of software development. c-An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible. d- In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.

In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.

Which of the following is true of virtual teams? a- It is important to select team members carefully. b- Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members. c- As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts. d- It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust.

It is important to select team members carefully.

_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. a- Means-ends orientation b- Conflict tolerance c- Risk tolerance d- Open-systems focus

Open-systems focus

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. a- Chain of command b- Organizational structure c- Organizational culture d- Line of control

Organizational culture

Which of the following best describes outsourcing? a- An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market b- An organization's use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries c- An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country d- An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? a- Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. b- A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO. c- In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. d- In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments.

In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession. a- Unit integration b- Group emphasis c- People focus d- Member identity

Member identity

Projects should be developed in increments.

True

Resources in a project should be used effectively because they are limited.

True

Stakeholder analyses, work requests, and project charters are tools used in integration management.

True

The introduction of new software makes basic tools, such as Gantt charts and network diagrams, inexpensive and easy to create.

True

Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries. Today's project management involves much more, and people in every industry and every country manage projects.

True

_____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other. a- Member identity b- Group emphasis c- Unit integration d- People focus

Unit integration

A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created. a- acquisition b- close-out c- implementation d- concept

concept

A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. a- system b- resource c- deliverable d- input

deliverable

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. a- RAD life cycle b- spiral life cycle c- waterfall life cycle d- incremental build life cycle

incremental build life cycle

In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. a- matrix b- functional c- symbolic d- project

matrix

A difference between operations and projects is that operations end when their objectives have been reached, whereas projects do not.

False

A project manager's primary role is to provide the funding for a project.

False

Earned value management is a tool primarily used in human resource management.

False

Effective program managers recognize that managing a program is much more complex than managing a single project.

False

Good project managers assume that their definition of success is the same as the sponsors.

False

In order to be realistic, a project manager should always set discrete goals instead of a range of objectives.

False

Individual projects always address strategic goals whereas portfolio management addresses tactical goals.

False

It is mandatory for project managers working on large information technology projects to be experts in the field of information technology.

False

Managing the triple constraints primarily involves making trade-offs between resources and quality.

False

The role of a ______ is to provide directions and funding for a project.

Project sponsor

Which is the difference between projects and operations?

Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature

The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation. a- spiral life cycle b- RAD life cycle c- incremental build life cycle d- waterfall life cycle

RAD life cycle

Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams? a- Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information b- Limited flexibility in team working hours c- Increased costs for office space and support d- Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work

Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information

Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an ecofriendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies ecofriendly tiles. Which of the following constraints is Galaxy currently facing?

Resources

_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. a- Linear programming b- Systems analysis c- Independent component analysis d- Principal component analysis

Systems analysis

The symbolic perspective of an organization: a- focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization. b- views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. c- focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. d- focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management.

focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.

In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational structure. a- matrix b- functional c- project d- symbolic

functional

The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. a- structural b- human resources c- political d- symbolic

human resources

The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. a- group emphasis b- people focus c- unit integration d- member identity

people focus

In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs. a- project b- functional c- matrix d- symbolic

project

The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. a- human resources frame b- symbolic frame c- structural frame d- political frame

structural frame

In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____. a- the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b- the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking c- the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results d- the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior

the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____. a- the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization b- the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment c- the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking d- the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior

the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

In the development phase of the project life cycle: a- the project team delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. b- the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS. c- managers develop a business case, which describes the need for the project and basic underlying concepts. d- managers prepare a preliminary or rough cost estimate for the required work.

the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.