ch.9 Endocrine
This is characterized by enlarged features, especially in the extremities and face and is caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty.
Acromegaly
________ disease is an autoimmune disease leading to decreased adrenocortical steroid production.
Addison
Which of the following is the removal of a gland?
Adenectomy
A disease of a lymph node or gland is:
Adenopathy
What hormone promotes water reabsorption within the body?
Antidiuretic hormone
In the pancreas, __________ cells secrete insulin, which __________ blood levels of glucose.
Beta; lowers
Hypersecretion of cortisol (hydrocortisone) by the adrenal cortex is termed what?
Cushing syndrome
_____ is a kidney disease resulting from serious diabetes.
Diabetic nephropathy
Which of the following diabetic conditions result in the loss of sensation in one or more extremities?
Diabetic neuropathy
adrenal medulla secretes
E and NE in repsone to stress
Bulging of the eyes is __________.
Exophthalmos
Identify the combining form gluc/o with its closest definition.
Glucose
The pancreas helps maintain proper levels of blood __________.
Glucose
What kind of tests track average blood sugar readings over the previous 2 to 3 months? (Select all that apply.)
Glycated hemoglobin A1C
hypothalamus gland HORMONES and FUNCTION
HORMONE -pituitary regulating hormones FUNCTION -stimulates or inhibits pituitary secretions
testes HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - androgen - testosterone FUNCTIONS - promotes development of male sex characteristics - sperm production
neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland) HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - antiduretic hormone (ADH)/vasopressin - oxytocin - melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) FUNCTION - increase water reabsorption - stimulates uterine contractions and lactation - stimulates the production of melanin
adrenal medulla HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - epinephrine (adrenaline) - norepinephrine (noradrenaline) FUNCTIONS - works w/ sympathetic nervous system to react to stress
ovaries HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - estrogen (estradiol most powerful ) - progesterone FUNCTIONS - promotes development of female sex characteristics - menstrual cycle - reproductive functions
adrenal cortex HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - glucocorticoids (cortisol & corticosteroids) - mineralocort-icoids (aldosterone) - gonado-corticoids (androgens) FUNCTIONS - affects metabolism and growth - aids in electrolyte and fluid balances
adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - growth hormone (GH) - somatotrophic hormone (STH) - adrenocortico-tropic hormone (ACTH) - Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - luteinizing hormone (LH) - porlactin FUNCTIONS - stimulates bone and muscle growth - regulates some metabolic functions such as rate at which cells utilize carbs and fats - stimulates thyroid gland to secrete hormones - stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones - stimulates development of ova and production of female hormones - stimulates breast development and milk production
pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
HORMONES - insulin - glucagons FUNCTIONS - maintain homeostasis in blood glucose [ ]
pineal gland HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - melatonin FUNCTIONS - affects sexual functions and wake-sleep cycle
parathyroid gland HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - parathormone - parathroid hormone (PTH) FUNCTIONS - increases blood calcium as necessary to maintain homeostasis
thymus gland HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - thymosin - thymic humoral factor (THF) - factor thymic serum (FTS) FUNCTIONS - aids in development of T cells and some B cells; function not well inderstood
thyroid gland HORMONES and FUNCTIONS
HORMONES - thyroxine (T4) - triiodothyonine (T3) - calcitonin FUNCTIONS - regulates metabolism - stimulates growth - lowers blood calcium as necessary to maintain homeostasis
What is the term for an abnormally high amount of facial and body hair?
Hirsutism
Which of the following is a treatment for a hormonal deficiency? (Select all that apply.)
Hormone replacement therapy HRT
The patient has hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone. The health care provider evaluates the patient for:
Hypervolemia
Which of the following means the "underactivity of the parathyroid glands"?
Hypoparathyroidism
Which of the following means "an undersecretion of hormones in the body"?
Hyposecretion
____________ can be due to a suppressed stimulating hormone or atrophy of a gland.
Hyposecretion
This disorder is caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion.
Hypothyroidism
List one thing that the adrenal glands regulate.
Metabolism
Insulin is secreted by the:
Pancreas
Identify the combining form parathyroid/o with its closest definition.
Parathyroid
thyroxine =
T4; tetraiodothyronine
One example of a male hormone produced in the testes is __________.
Testosterone
The patient is complaining of excessive fatigue, and weight gain. Which of the following glandular functions does the health care provider assess?
Thyroid
A goiter is an enlargement of the
Thyroid gland
The body uses stored fat to replace glucose that causes
acidosis
Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
adenohypophysis
Responsible for increasing blood calcium as necessary to maintain homeostasis
adrenal
parts of the adrenal gland that sits atop of kidneys
adrenal cortex; outer portion adrenal medulla; inner portion
adren/o,adrenal/o
adrenal gland
pituitary gland that is a master regulator in
aiding in the secretion of essential hormones
glucagon is produced by what type of cells
alpha
The testes also produce male sex hormones called
androgens
pituitary gland consist of 2 lobes
anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and posterior lobe (neurophypophysis)
pituitary gland located
base of brain
insulin produced by what type of cells
beta
the suffix in the term hypoglycemia means ______.
blood condition
Hypothalamus regulates
body temp bp heartbeat metabolism of fats and carbs sugar levels in blood
Symptoms of diabetes include
both polydipsia and polyuria
Lowers blood calcium as necessary to maintain homeostasis
calcitonin
parathyroid regulates
calcium and phosphate levels need for maintenance of homestatsis
Hormone secreted in response to stress
catecholamines
Hormones are only effective in
cells with receptors
Endocrine glands
ductless glands
exocrine glands secrete substances into _______ directed toward a specific location, ___________, or tissue secretes hormones into bloodstream
ducts endocrine glands
Any substance that conducts electricity and is decomposed by it
electrolyte
adrenal glands regulate
electrolytes
hypothalamus serves as an ________ gland bc it analyzes body's condition and directs release of ________ that regulate _______ ______.
endocrine hormones pituitary hormones
Secrete hormones into the bloodstream
endocrine glands
Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder of the pituitary gland leading to _____.
enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet
Secrete substances into ducts
exocrine glands
aden/o
gland
gluc/o
glucose
insulin stimulation causes
glucose to be sent to bodys cells for energy as needed and to be converted to starchy substance
glyc/o
glycogen
_______ disease occurs when a thyroid gland becomes overactive.
graves
Aid the nervous system in reacting to stress and are important regulators of growth and development; also, are secreted by glands and carried in the bloodstream to various parts of the body
hormones
________ is an overactivity of the parathyroid glands.
hyperthyroidism
The patient had her thyroid removed. The nurse assesses the patient for sign and symptoms of __________.
hypocalcemia
When someone has low levels of sugar in the blood, they are said to have
hypoglycemia
Hyposecretion of the parathyroid hormone is _____.
hypoparathyroidism
Pituitary gland
hypophysis
another name for pituitary gland
hypophysis
Part of the nervous system that serves as an endocrine gland because it analyzes the body's condition and directs the release of hormones that regulate pituitary hormones
hypothalamus
ovaries produce
immature egg cell that fertilizes to become fetus female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone
hypothalamus location
in brain superior to pituitary gland
The hormones released by the hypothalamus have either a _____ or an _____.
inhibiting factor releasing factor
pancreas secrets
insulin; to lower blood sugar when they rise glucagon; raises blood sugar levels when low
T4, T3, calcitonin are produced in thyroid gland using
iodine from blood that circulates through gland helping stimulate and control various bodily functions- metabolism of carbs, lipids, and proteins
what part of the pancreas acts as the endocrine function
islets of Langerhans
what is w/n the pancreas
islets of Langerhans that are specilaized hormone producing cells
Narrow band of tissue connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland
isthmus
thyorid gland lobes are connected by
isthmus; ventral surface of trachea
adrenal glands sit on top of
kidneys
thyroid gland consist of
left and right lobe over trachea
pancreas helps maintain
level of blood glucose
calcintonin secreted from outside thyroid cells helps
lower blood calcium [ ]
A hormone that is believed to affect sleep and the functioning of the gonads
melatonin
pineal gland releases
melatonin a hormone that is believed to affect sleep and functioning of gonads
The chemical changes in the cell that provide energy for vital processes and activities and through which new material is assimilated
metabolism
thyroid secretions control
metabolism and blood calcium concentrations
The root in the term dwarfism means
miniature
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
neurohypophysis
The suffix in the term catecholamine means _____.
nitrogen-containing
parathyroid gland has four
oval shaped glands ondorsal side of thyroid
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
________ is an excision of the parathyroid gland.
parathyroidectomy
Secretes melatonin
pineal gland
Acromegaly is caused by an abnormality of the
pituitary gland
Master gland in secretion of hormones
pituitary gland
Target cells that recognize a compatible hormone
receptors
hormones released by hypothalamus have either a _________ ________ (allowing secretion of hormones to take place) or an __________ _______(preventing secretion of other hormones).
releasing factor inhibiting factor
thymus is endocrine gland bc
secretes hormone and ductless and part of immune system
gonad/o
sex galnds
testes produce
spermatozoa that fertilizes ova androgen; major testosterone
glucagon stimulation causes
stored glycogen to be transforms into glucose again
pineal gland located
superior and posterior to pituitary gland
The Latin element in the term mellitus means ______.
sweetened with honey
Responsible for metabolism, growth, fluid, and electrolyte balance
sympathomimetic
Cells with receptors that are compatible with hormones
target cells
endocrine system secretes hormones that are effective one in specific _______________ that have _____________ that recognize compatible hormones
target cells receptors
_______ is a benign tumor of the thymus.
thymoma
above thyroid gland
thyroid cartilage covering larynx and produces protrusion on the neck known as Adam's Apple
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
______ is the removal of the thyroid.
thyroidectomy
Helps regulate metabolism
thyroxine
The nurse assesses for symptoms of insulin shock with may include:
tremors, tachycardia, hunger, dizziness, and cool moist skin
Thyroid hormone that stimulates growth
triiodothyronine; T3