Chapter 11 Principles of Pharmacology

Which of the following is an example of a trade name of a drug? A. Tylenol B. Ibuprofen C. Furosemide D. Nitroglycerin

A. Tylenol

Your patient is complaining of chest pain. He states it feels just like his last heart attack. You have applied oxygen with no relief. He does not take any medications. His BP is 88/64, pulse is 100, and respirations are 20. Your treatment should include ___________. A. aspirin B. nitroglycerin C. albuterol MDI D. epinephrine

A. aspirin

EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down." A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient: A. overdosed on an opioid drug. B. has a low blood glucose level. C. experienced a prolonged seizure. D. has a history of allergic reactions.

A. overdosed on an opioid drug.

You are attending to a 52-year-old female patient who appears to have suffered a stroke. The patient is alone in her apartment and is unable to speak or communicate with you. In determining her medical history, it is most appropriate to: A. search for and document all medications (prescription and nonprescription) that the patient may be taking. B. search for and document the prescription medications that the patient may be taking. C. restrict your search to the medications that the patient has in their possession only. D. transport the patient; collecting medications will not help facilitate the immediate or ongoing patient care.

A. search for and document all medications (prescription and nonprescription) that the patient may be taking.

Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route? A. Sublingual (SL) B. Intravenous (IV) C. Subcutaneous (SC) D. Intramuscular (IM)

B. Intravenous (IV)

When administering naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer: A. at least 2 mL into each nostril. B. a half dose into each nostril. C. a minimum of 2.5 mg. D. a maximum of 0.5 mL.

B. a half dose into each nostril.

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication: A. directly into the muscle tissue. B. between the skin and the muscle. C. below the first layer of muscle. D. through the mucosa under the tongue.

B. between the skin and the muscle.

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drug's name and expiration date, you should: A. administer the drug. B. contact medical control. C. ask her if she takes other medications. D. request an ALS ambulance to administer the drug.

B. contact medical control.

The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered. A. type B. form C. class D. name

B. form

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it: A. is used to treat a multitude of conditions. B. may cause harm or has no positive effect. C. produces actions other than the desired ones. D. is used to treat a specific medical condition.

B. may cause harm or has no positive effect.

You are attending to a 24-year-old male asthmatic complaining of shortness of breath and wheezing. There are several bystanders in a crowded room. The patient tells you that he would have taken his own albuterol but he was so embarrassed and upset that he could not hold his MDI steady. In helping the patient to self administer his medication in accordance with local protocols, you are: A. performing peer-assisted medication administration. B. performing patient-assisted medication administration. C. working outside your scope of practice and should administer your own MDI to the patient. D. working outside your scope of practice as this sort of administration may only be done under the direct order of your medical control.

B. performing patient-assisted medication administration.

You are attending to a 54-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain that appears to be cardiac in origin. As part of your management of the patient, you administer nitroglycerin as long as the patient meets defined conditions. This is an example of: A. online medical control. B. standing orders. C. peer-assisted medication administration. D. patient-assisted medication administration.

B. standing orders.

Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct? A. MDIs are contraindicated for patients with asthma or emphysema. B. MDIs are most commonly used by patients with cardiovascular disease. C. An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used. D. Shaking an MDI prior to use will cause deactivation of the medication.

C. An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used.

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that: A. stimulates receptor sites and allows other chemicals to attach to them. B. enhances the effects of another medication when given in a higher dose. C. blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them. D. produces a cumulative effect when mixed with the same type of medication.

C. blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.

You are attending to a 26-year-old suspected overdose patient who is unresponsive. As part of your care, you administer naloxone to reverse the effects of the suspected opioid overdose. Immediately after administering the drug you realize that while the dose and the route were correct, the patient condition did not warrant Naloxone as per your local protocols. Your most appropriate next step should be to: A. notify your medical control as quickly as possible. B. take careful notes on the patient condition so that you can accurately complete the required documentation later. C. continue to provide care for the patient and address any issues that the naloxone administration may have caused. D. discuss the situation with your partner so that it will not be repeated.

C. continue to provide care for the patient and address any issues that the naloxone administration may have caused.

Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that: A. significantly slows the process of digestion. B. binds to any chemicals that are in the stomach. C. facilitates movement through the digestive system. D. disguises the unpleasant taste of the activated charcoal.

C. facilitates movement through the digestive system.

Generally, parenteral medications are more commonly used in the emergency setting as opposed to enteral medications. The characteristic that separates the two routes with respect to administration in the emergency setting is: A. enteral medications are often liquid and can be administered using syringes and needles. B. enteral routes offer a more predictable and measurable response. C. parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral. D. parenteral medications tend to have fewer side effects.

C. parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral.

With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen. A. 14% B. 24% C. 34% D. 44%

D. 44%

You arrive at a residence approximately 20 minutes after a 7-year-old boy, who weighs 22 kg, ingested a bottle of Advil. He is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal and then transport the child at once. The appropriate maximum dose of activated charcoal for this child is: A. 11 g. B. 22 g. C. 36 g. D. 44 g.

D. 44g.

A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should: A. obtain physician approval to give the nitroglycerin. B. place him in a supine position and transport at once. C. administer one nitroglycerin and call medical control. D. ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.

D. ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.