Chapter 11 water and major minerals

Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?

Cheese Canned Sardines Yogurt

The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine:

Color Volume

A substance that increases urine production is called a:

Diuretic

a term that describes the water status in the body is called

Hydration

The condition that is characterized by elevated blood pressure is called

Hypertension

During water intoxication the excess water consumed dilutes the sodium concentration of the blood resulting in a condition know as

Hyponatremia

what type of tissue contains more water?

Lean muscle

women typically consumer ___ than the RDA for Calcium, while men consume _____ to the RDA.

Less. equal

Which of the following is considered a major mineral ( greater qualities than 100 mg?)

Magnesium

Calcium sodium and potassium are examples of _____ minerals

Major

calcium, sodium and potassium are examples of ____ minerals

Major

Which of the following is NOT a good source of magnesium?

Refined Grains

how are trace minerals different from major minerals?

Requirements for trace minerals are less than 100 mg/day whereas requirements for major minerals are 100 mg/day or more

Table salt is chemically known as:

Sodium Chloride

the blood pressure reading that is always higher than the other is the

Systolic pressure

the major source of chloride in the american diet is:

Table Salt

the process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is called

bone mineralization

an ion or molecule that helps catalyze a chemical reaction is called a

cofactor

the blood pressure reading that represents the pressure in an artery when the ventricles relax between contraction is called the

diastolic pressure

heating a food _____ the foods mineral content

does not affect

what factors contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis

excessive alcohol consumption cigarette smoking family history

the kidney produce smaller amounts of urine when

fluid intake is limited fluid loss is great

risk factors for developing hypertension include

having African American ancestry being obese smoking cigarettes

iron is an important component of

hemoglobin in blood cells

people with osteoporosis have

increased fractures weak bones osteopernia

weight bearing activities that can reduce the risk for osteoporosis include

low impact aerobics

what role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common?

maintaining fluid balance

sulfur is a component of

methionine cysteine biotin

roles for calcium in the body include:

muscle concentration blood clot formation bone and teeth formation

a prepared solution of water and electrolytes used to treat dehydration is called

oral re hydration therapy

chloride along with sodium plays an important role in

regulation fluid balance

water enters the digestive system from

secretions from the mouth and stomach fluid that we drink food that we eat

most of phosphorus in the body can be found in the

skeleton

the mineral that plays the leading role in the regulation of fluid balance in the body is

sodium

treatment for hypertension often include

taking prescription medications managing stress dietary stress

a good food source of calcium made from soybeans that is processed with calcium sulfate is

tofu

the condition that arises when an excessive amount of water is consumed in a short period of time is called

water intoxication

the primary and initial sign of dehydration is rapid ____ ______.

weight loss

milk loses about ______ of its calcium content during the process to make cottage cheese

50 %

as many as 10 million Americans who are ____ that have osteoporosis.

50 years or older

older adults are at risk for dehydration because they do not sense ____ as accurately as younger adults

thirst

older adults are at risk for dehydration because they do not sense ____ as accurately as younger adults.

thirst

water aids in the removal of waste products from the body

through the production of the urine

The Adequate intake for total water is approximately ____ cups per day for adult women.

11 cups

most sodium in the American diet comes from salt

Added during food preparation added to cooked meals at the table added during to food during processing

The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when:

Fluid loss is great Fluid intake is limited

seeds and beans are not considered good sources of phosphorus because they contain factors which inhibits dietary phosphorus absorption called

Phytates

which of the following diseases or conditions are positively affected by calcium rich diets

chronic inflammation insulin resistance hypertension

roles for sodium in the body include the

functioning of muscle transmission of nerve impulses transport of glucose

taking single mineral supplements is not recommended because an excess of one mineral can

interfere with the metabolism of another mineral and interfere with the absorption of another mineral

the body maintains fluid by controlling in each compartment the concentration of

ions

good sources of sulfur in the diet include

meat cheese

the mineral that plays the leading role in the regulation of fluid balance in the body is sodium

sodium

Major minerals are called major because

They are needed in greater dietary amounts and They are stores in the body in larger qualities

rank where water is lost in the body in order from the greatest source of loss to the least.

Urine Insensible Perspiration Expired Air Feces