Chapter 13 Respiratory System

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Functions of the respiratory system

Gas exchange, filters air, release of carbon dioxide, warms the air to the lungs

Bronchi

The large airways that branch off of the trachea

Pleura

The membrane that surrounds the lungs, decreasing the friction of breathing

Diaphragm

The primary muscle for breathing

Internal Respiration

The process where oxygenated blood exchanges gas with the tissues

Lobes

The right lungs has three and the left lung has two

Pharynx

The throat

Cilia

The tiny, hair like projections on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells

Larynx

The voice box

thoracic cavity

This houses the lungs

Carina

This is the point where the trachea bifurcates forming the bronchi

Vestibular region

This portion of the nasal cavity contains coarse hairs that filter out particles

Olfactory region

This portion of the nasal cavity is responsible for detecting smells

Oropharynx

This portion of the pharynx connects to the mouth

Nasopharynx

This portion of the pharynx connects to the nose and contains the adenoids

Laryngopharynx

This portion of the pharynx connects to the throat

Respiration

This process involves exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the bloodstream

Ventilation

This process involves moving air in and out of the lungs

Turbinates

Three scroll like bones that split inhaled air into several smaller channels of turbulent flow

Bronchioles

Very small airways

Nasal cavity

Warms and moistens inhaled air; detects smells

Nare

Another name for a nostril

Carbon Dioxide

normally breathing rate is determined by this level in the blood

Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that closes off the airways during swallowing

Surfactant

Is a phospholipid that lowers the surface tension of the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing

Alveoli

The air sacs at the terminal ends of the airways; the place where gas exchange occurs in the lungs

Trachea

The airway that extends form the larynx to the bronchi; the windpipe; the long cartilage supported tube that extends down the upper portion of the chest


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