Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

The basic functions of the digestive system include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

-Absorption -Elimination -Digestion

Which of the following are structures of the large intestine? (Select all that apply.)

-Ascending colon -Cecum -Rectum

Hepatitis _____ is transmitted via the fecal/oral route. (Select all that apply.)

-E -A

Which of the following are considered accessory organs of digestion? (Select all that apply.)

-Gallbladder -Salivary glands -Liver

The regions of the small intestine include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

-Jejunum -Duodenum

Which of the following take place in the oral cavity? (Select all that apply.)

-Mastication -Deglutition

Which of the following are functions of the digestive system? (Select all that apply.)

-Peristalsis -Secretion -Ingestion

Which of the following are diagnostic procedures that contain a suffix meaning a procedure using a scope to view? (Select all that apply.)

-Proctoscopy -Sigmoidoscopy

A surgical puncture to remove fluid or relieve pressure in the abdominal cavity is called _____. (Select all that apply.)

-paracentesis -abdominocentesis

The combining forms that are associated with the accessory organs of the digestive system include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

-saliv/o -cholecyst/o -hepat/o

Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the _____ and _____.

-stomach -small intestines

1. Cholelithotomy 2. Choledocholithotomy 3. Cholelithotripsy 4. Cholecystectomy 5. Colectomy

1. Incision for the removal stones 2. Incision for the removal of stones in the common bile duct 3. Crushing of gallstones using sound waves 4. Removal of the gallbladder 5. Removal of some or all of the colon

1. Cheilitis 2. Sialoaenitis 3. Parotitis 4. Glossitis

1. Inflammation of the lips 2. Inflammation of the salivary glands 3. Inflammation of the parotid glands 4. Inflammation of the tongue

1. Ileus 2. Enteritis 3. Colic 4. Fistula

1. Intestinal blockage 2. Inflammation of the small intestine 3. Gastrointestinal distress due to conditions that prevent easy digestion of food 4. Abnormal passages or openings in tissue walls

1. Glossectomy 2. Polypectomy 3. Diverticulectomy 4. Gastrectomy 5. Hemorrhoidectomy

1. Removal of the tongue 2. Removal of polyps 3. Removal of diverticula 4. Removal of some or all of the stomach 5. Removal of hemorrhoids

1. Anoplasy 2. Biliverdin 3. Enteropathy 4. Gastralgia 5. Glycosuria

1. Surgical repair of the anus 2. Green bile pigment Any intestinal disease3. 4. Stomach ache 5. Abnormal excretion of carbohydrates in urine

1. Cecopexy 2. Cholangiogram 3. Choledochotomy 4. Esophagoscopy

1. Surgical repair of the cecum to correct excessive mobility 2. X-ray image of the bile vessels 3. Incision into the common bile duct 4. Examination of the interior of the esophagus

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

1. beginning 2. middle 3. end

1. cyst/o 2. hepat/o 3. proct/o 4. gingiv/p 5. gloss/o

1. bladder 2. liver 3. anus and rectum 4. gums 5. tongue

Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down starch?

Amylase

_____ is inflammation of the appendix and is one of the most well-known disorders of the large intestine.

Appendicitis

The most common form of hepatitis in the United States is hepatitis _____ infection.

C

Inflammation of the diverticula is called _____.

Diverticulitis

_____ is the removal of solid waste products of the digestive system via defecation.

Elimination

Which of the following is a physician who specializes in disorders and treatment of the digestive system?

Gastroenterologist

1. Steatorrhea 2. Sialadenitis 3. Peritonitis 4. Sailism

Greater than normal amounts of fat in feces1. 2. Inflammation of the salivary glands 3. Inflammation of the peritoneum 4. Excessive secretion of saliva

Examination of the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope is the definition of which of the following terms?

Laparoscopy

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the stomach?

Larynx

Which of the following is NOT considered a structure in the alimentary canal?

Liver

Which of the following words contains a prefix meaning middle and a root meaning intestine?

Mesentery

Which of the following is a digestive function of the liver?

Produces bile

The large intestine forms a perimeter in the _____ cavity around the central mass of the small intestine.

abdominal or abdominopelvic

Nutrients are ____ in the small intestines through epithelial cells that line the alimentary canal.

absorbed

The type of drug that neutralizes gastric acids is _____.

antacids

The drug class used to treat nausea and vomiting is _____.

antiemetics

The _____ is where feces exit the body.

anus

The opening from the anal canal to the outside of the body is the _____.

anus

The structure through which feces passes out of the body is the _____.

anus

The term that means accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is _____.

ascites

The gall bladder stores ______ until it is needed for digestion.

bile

The eating disorder associated with bingeing and purging is called _____.

bulimia

The _____ is a pouch located at the beginning of the large intestine and is inferior to the ileocecal sphincter.

cecum

The pouch that forms the initial region of the large intestine is called the _____.

cecum

The surgical removal of the gallbladder is a(n) _____.

cholecystectomy

The stomach produces a mixture of semidigested food called _____.

chyme

A degenerative liver disease, often caused by alcoholism or hepatitis, is _____.

cirrhosis

The use of an endoscope to examine the colon is called a _____.

colonoscopy

An opening in the colon to the abdominal wall to create a place for waste to exit the body other than through the anus is called _____.

colostomy

The sigmoid colon is an S-shaped curve in the _____ colon.

descending

The initial segment of the small intestine where chyme mixes with bile, pancreatic juices, and intestinal juice to continue the digestive process is called the _____.

duodenum

A debilitating form of diarrhea is _____. This is a bacterial form of gastroenteritis that produces frequent bloody, mucus-filled, watery stools.

dysentery

The medical term meaning indigestion is _____.

dyspepsia

_____ is the process of releasing undigested food residue from the body.

elimination or defecation

The process of expelling the contents of the stomach into or out of the mouth is called _____.

emesis or regurgitaion,or vomiting

The process of breaking down fats with the aid of bile is called _____.

emulsification

The flap of tissue that covers the trachea until food is moved into the esophagus is called the .

epiglottis

The leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off the larynx during swallowing is the _____.

epiglottis

A 9- to 10-inch tube that links the pharynx to the stomach is the _____.

esophagus

The tube that links the pharynx and the stomach is the _____.

esophagus

Undigested waste material discharged from the bowel is _____.

feces

The organ that stores bile is the _____.

gallbladder

Inflammation of the stomach is _____.

gastritis

The medical abbreviation GERD stands for _____ reflux disease.

gastroesophageal

The condition that causes regurgitation of stomach contents back into the esophagus, often when lying down, is called _____.

gastroesophageal reflux

Visualization of the stomach with a scope is called ______.

gastroscopy

Due to the action of digestive enzymes, complex sugars are reduced to _____ and other simpler sugars.

glucose

The medical term for bad breath is _____.

halitosis

Swollen and twisted veins in the anus are called _____.

hemorrhoids

_____are dilated veins in the submucosa of the anal canal and are often associated with pregnancy, chronic constipation, diarrhea, or aging.

hemorrhoids

The term that means the protrusion of a structure that normally contains it is _____.

hernia

Which of the following terms means to protrude?

herniate

Too much bilirubin in the blood is called _____.

hyperbilirubinemia

The stomach functions in all of the following EXCEPT _____.

initiation of carbohydrate digestion

The slippage of one part of the bowel inside another, causing obstruction, is _____.

intussusception

One of the major signs of hepatitis is _____.

jaundice

Surgical repair of the lips is termed _____.

labioplasty

The _____ is the place where water reabsorption takes place.

large instestine

The drug class used to treat constipation is _____.

laxatives

_____ molecules are reduced to fatty acids through the action of digestive enzymes.

lipid or fat

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the _____.

liver

The gallbladder is located against the inside surface of the _____.

liver

The medical term for chewing is _____.

mastication

The small intestine is held in place by the ______, a membranous tissue that attaches both the small and large intestines to the muscle wall at the dorsal part of the abdomen.

mesentery

The alimentary canal extends from the _____ to the _____.

mouth; anus

The roof of the mouth is made up of the hard and soft .

palates or palate

The enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down protein is _____.

pepsin

Coordinated, rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle that force food through the digestive tract are called _____.

peristalsis

The medical term for the wavelike motion that moves food through the alimentary canal is _____.

peristalsis

The medical term for inflammation of the lining of the rectum is _____.

proctitis

A specialist in the study and treatment of diseases of the anus and rectum is a(n) _____.

proctologist

Repair of the rectum and anus is termed _____.

proctoplasty

The enzyme pepsin begins _____ digestion.

protein

The exit area of the stomach proximal to the duodenum is the ______.

pylorus

The _____ is the distal segment of the large intestine.

rectum

The distal end of the sigmoid colon joins with the _____.

rectum

Which of the following terms means backward flow?

reflux

The liver is located in the _____ _____ quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

right upper

The enzyme-containing substance secreted in the mouth is _____.

saliva

Distal to the descending colon, the _____ colon makes an S-shaped curve as it descends in the pelvis.

sigmoid

The organ of the digestive tract where majority of nutrient absorption takes place is the _____ _____.

small intestine

The large sac found between the esophagus and small intestine is called the _____.

stomach

The combining form that means mouth is ______.

stomat/o

The characteristics of the small intestine include all of the following except being _____.

the shortest tube in the body

The _____ is a mobile muscle mass of the mouth that contains taste buds.

tongue

Fingerlike projections in the lining of the small intestine through which digested nutrients are absorbed are called _____.

villi

Hepatitis is caused by a _____ infection.

viral

The prefix in the word anorexia means _____.

without