Chapter 17-COM

What are the difference among initial credibility, derived credibility, and terminal credibility?

*write definition: key terms*

What is analogical reasoning? Why is analogical reasoning frequently used in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?

Analogical reasoning compares two similar cases to draw the conclusion that what is true in once case will also be true in the other. When arguing for a new policy, you should find out whether it has been tried elsewhere. You may be able to claim that your policy will work because it has worked in like circumstance.

What is causal reasoning? Why is the relationship between causes and effects not always clear?

Causal reasoning tries to establish the relationship between causes and effects. The fact that one event happens after another does not mean that the first is the cause of the second.

What is credibility? What two factors exert the most influence on an audience's perception of a speaker's credibility?

Credibility is the audience's attitude toward or perception of the speakers. A speaker's credibility is affected by two primary factor-- competence and character.

Whhat is the role of emotional appeal in persuasive speaking? Identify three methods you can use to generate emotional appeal in your speeches.

Emotional appeal are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty, fearful, reverence, or the like. 1.Use emotionally charged language 2. Vivid examples 3. Speak with sincerity and conviction

What is evidence? Why do persuasive speakers need to use evidence?

Evidence consist of examples, statistics, and testimony used to prove or disprove something. Careful listeners are skeptical of unsupported claims and generalizations. Strong evidence is particularly important when the speak is not recognized as an expert on the topic and when the target audience opposes the speaker's point of view.

What are the ten logical fallacies discussed in this chapter?

HG, FC, IA, B, RH, AH, EO, SS, ATP, ATN

What is reasoning from principle? Why is the relationship between causes and effects not always clear?

Reasoning from principle involves moving from a general principle to a specific conclusion. It is the exact opposite of reasoning from specific instance.

What is reasoning from specific instances? Why is it important to supplement reasoning from specific instances with testimony or statistics?

Reasoning from specific instances involve processing from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion. Because you can never give enough specific instances in a speech to make your conclusion irrefutable, you should supplement them with testimony or statistic.

What are three ways you can enhance your credibility during your speeches?

Speakers can enhance their credibility by explaining their competence, establishing common ground with the audience, and delivering speeches fluently, expressively, and with conviction.

What are four tips for using evidence effectively in a persuasive speech?

Speakers should use specific evidence, current evidence, evidence from credible sources, and make clear point of the evidence.