Chapter 4-Carbs

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mouth

Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestine and also in the?

declines by 90-95%

For most of the world's population, what is the effect of aging on the activity of lactase?

glucose from a noncarb substance

Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of?

muscle and liver

Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues?

6

How many carbon atoms are found in most common dietary monosaccharides?

a few hours

If you were to exercise continuously, about how long would glycogen stores last?

baked potato

In a person with type 2, which of the following would ordinarily promote the least favorable glycemic index?

liver

In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal BG levels?

muscles

In what organ is most of the body's glycogen found?

Type 1 Diabetes

Jimmy gives himself shots in the thigh but craves candy. His parents said that he can only eat SF snacks. Which conditions does Jimmy most likely suffer from?

increase in sweetness

Milk that has been treated with a commercially available lactase preparation undergoes which of the following changes?

high

Person eating lots of white bread, white rice and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index of?

prediabetic

Person with a fasting blood glucose level of 101 would be classified as?

gluconeogenesis

The process by which an amino acid is used to make glucose is termed?

it is classified as a fiber

Characteristics of dietary physic acid include all of the following except?

is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect

A "functional fiber" is one that?

protein

A person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milk's?

diabetic

A person with a fasting blood glucose concentration of 129 would be classified as?

it elevates blood glucose levels

All of the following are properties of fiber except?

fish

All of the following are sources of dietary carbs except?

constipation

All of the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance except?

1 day

At rest, the typical body stores of glycogen can provide energy for a maximum of about?

nitrogen

The types of atoms found in a glucose molecule include all of the following except?

glycogen

Typical dietary sources of carbs include all of the following except?

lignins

Water-soluble fibers include all of the following except?

fibers

What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose and lignin?

simple sugars

What component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits?

1/3

What fraction of the body's total glycogen content is found in the liver?

low

What glycemic index category would include yogurt and cheese?

70-110

What is a normal range for blood glucose?

milk sugar

What is another name for lactose?

a change occurs in the GI bacteria

What is the chief reason that many people with lactose intolerance can consume foods containing some lactose without suffering any symptoms?

1 glucose, 1 galactose

What is the composition of lactose?

2 glucose

What is the composition of maltose?

1 glucose, 1 fructose

What is the composition of sucrose?

liver

What is the first organ to receive carbs absorbed from the intestine?

pancreas

What is the first organ to respond to an increase in BG concentration?

50-100g

What is the minimum daily amount of dietary carb necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown?

glycogen

What is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of glucose units?

dextrins

What is the name of the short chains of glucose units that result from starch breakdown?

invert sugar

What is the name of the sweetener consisting of a mixture of glucose and fructose formed by chemical hydrolysis of sucrose?

corn

What is the predominant grain product in much of South and Central America?

small intestine

What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbs?

lowers blood glucose levels

What is the primary function of insulin?

liver

What is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption?

glycogen

What is the primary storage form of carbs in the body?

lactose

What is the principle carb of milk?

condensation

What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together?

wheat

What is the staple grain of Canada, US and Europe?

fructose

What is the sweetest-tasting simple carb in the diet?

30

What percentage of the world's adult population shows good tolerance to lactose ingestion?

glycemic response

What term describes how quickly glucose is absorbed from a food after ingestion, how high blood glucose rises as a result, and how quickly it returns to normal?

fermentable

What type of fiber is readily digested by colonic bacteria?

complex carb

What type of nutrient is starch?

glucagon

When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?

epinephrine

When you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in BG concentration?

doughnut

Which contains the lowest amount of lactose per serving?

plant foods

Which of the following are ample amounts of carbs almost always found?

both benefit from fiber-rich foods and consumption of smaller, more frequent meals

Which of the following are characteristic of the conditions diabetes and hypoglycemia?

white rice

Which of the following contains the least amount of fiber?

nonnutrient component of plant seeds

Which of the following describes the compound phytic acid?

amylase

Which of the following does NOT act on simple sugars?

cellulose

Which of the following fibers is insoluble?

dextrins

Which of the following ingredients listed on food labels would be acceptable to the person who is highly intolerant to lactose in the diet?

it is sweeter tasting than sucrose

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glucose?

fruits

Which of the following is NOT a rich source of dietary starch?

starch

Which of the following is NOT a simple carb?

water

Which of the following is a byproduct of the condensation of 2 molecules of glucose?

classified according to solubility in water

Which of the following is a characteristic of dietary fibers?

bacteria in yogurt produce lactase

Which of the following is a characteristic of yogurt?

unripe bananas

Which of the following is a common source of resistant starch?

glucose

Which of the following is a component of all three dietary disaccharides?

many people with type 2 are obese

Which of the following is a feature of diabetes?

should focus on total carb intake rather than type consumed

Which of the following is a feature of diabetes?

virtually absent from animal meats

Which of the following is a feature of glycogen?

contains live bacterial organisms

Which of the following is a feature of kefir?

it is used as a filler in 1/5 prescription drugs

Which of the following is a feature of lactose?

resists hydrolysis by digestive enzymes

Which of the following is a feature of resistant starch?

occurs rarely in otherwise healthy people

Which of the following is a feature of the condition hypoglycemia?

used to thicken jelly

Which of the following is a feature of the pectins?

BG levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon

Which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose?

cellulose bonds are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes

Which of the following is an example of the difference between the chemical bonds in starch and those in cellulose?

cellulose

Which of the following is describes as a non starch polysaccharide?

glucose

Which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose?

fructose

Which of the following is known as fruit sugar or levulose?

40

Which of the following is most consistent with hypoglycemia?

bacteria

Which of the following plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine?

cheddar cheese

Which of the following provides the least amount of lactose per serving?

BG rises, pancreas release insulin, BG levels decline, releases glucagon, stimulates liver to break down glycogen and release glucose, BG rises

Which of the following series of events proceeds upon digestion/absorption of the meal until it is near time for lunch?

way of ranking foods according to potential to increase BG

Which of the following statements describes the glycemic index of foods?

an example of a non polysaccharide fiber is hemicellulose

Which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of fibers?

lactose

Which of the following sugars is NOT found in plants?

75

Which of the following values falls within the normal range of blood glucose?

milk allergy

Which of the following would least likely be connected with the development of lactose intolerance?

african americans

Which shows the highest prevalence of lactose intolerance?

more lactose is removed during manufacturing

Why are hard cheeses lower in lactose than soft cheeses?

neither has an appreciable effect on glucose absorption

With few exceptions, all of the following characteristics are shared by water-soluble and water-insoluble fibers except?

hydrolysis

The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed?

sucrose

The chief carb in beet sugar is?

small intestine

The enzymes that digest dietary sugars are produced by the?


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