Chapter 4-Carbs
mouth
Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestine and also in the?
declines by 90-95%
For most of the world's population, what is the effect of aging on the activity of lactase?
glucose from a noncarb substance
Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of?
muscle and liver
Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues?
6
How many carbon atoms are found in most common dietary monosaccharides?
a few hours
If you were to exercise continuously, about how long would glycogen stores last?
baked potato
In a person with type 2, which of the following would ordinarily promote the least favorable glycemic index?
liver
In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal BG levels?
muscles
In what organ is most of the body's glycogen found?
Type 1 Diabetes
Jimmy gives himself shots in the thigh but craves candy. His parents said that he can only eat SF snacks. Which conditions does Jimmy most likely suffer from?
increase in sweetness
Milk that has been treated with a commercially available lactase preparation undergoes which of the following changes?
high
Person eating lots of white bread, white rice and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index of?
prediabetic
Person with a fasting blood glucose level of 101 would be classified as?
gluconeogenesis
The process by which an amino acid is used to make glucose is termed?
it is classified as a fiber
Characteristics of dietary physic acid include all of the following except?
is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect
A "functional fiber" is one that?
protein
A person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milk's?
diabetic
A person with a fasting blood glucose concentration of 129 would be classified as?
it elevates blood glucose levels
All of the following are properties of fiber except?
fish
All of the following are sources of dietary carbs except?
constipation
All of the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance except?
1 day
At rest, the typical body stores of glycogen can provide energy for a maximum of about?
nitrogen
The types of atoms found in a glucose molecule include all of the following except?
glycogen
Typical dietary sources of carbs include all of the following except?
lignins
Water-soluble fibers include all of the following except?
fibers
What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose and lignin?
simple sugars
What component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits?
1/3
What fraction of the body's total glycogen content is found in the liver?
low
What glycemic index category would include yogurt and cheese?
70-110
What is a normal range for blood glucose?
milk sugar
What is another name for lactose?
a change occurs in the GI bacteria
What is the chief reason that many people with lactose intolerance can consume foods containing some lactose without suffering any symptoms?
1 glucose, 1 galactose
What is the composition of lactose?
2 glucose
What is the composition of maltose?
1 glucose, 1 fructose
What is the composition of sucrose?
liver
What is the first organ to receive carbs absorbed from the intestine?
pancreas
What is the first organ to respond to an increase in BG concentration?
50-100g
What is the minimum daily amount of dietary carb necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown?
glycogen
What is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of glucose units?
dextrins
What is the name of the short chains of glucose units that result from starch breakdown?
invert sugar
What is the name of the sweetener consisting of a mixture of glucose and fructose formed by chemical hydrolysis of sucrose?
corn
What is the predominant grain product in much of South and Central America?
small intestine
What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbs?
lowers blood glucose levels
What is the primary function of insulin?
liver
What is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption?
glycogen
What is the primary storage form of carbs in the body?
lactose
What is the principle carb of milk?
condensation
What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together?
wheat
What is the staple grain of Canada, US and Europe?
fructose
What is the sweetest-tasting simple carb in the diet?
30
What percentage of the world's adult population shows good tolerance to lactose ingestion?
glycemic response
What term describes how quickly glucose is absorbed from a food after ingestion, how high blood glucose rises as a result, and how quickly it returns to normal?
fermentable
What type of fiber is readily digested by colonic bacteria?
complex carb
What type of nutrient is starch?
glucagon
When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?
epinephrine
When you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in BG concentration?
doughnut
Which contains the lowest amount of lactose per serving?
plant foods
Which of the following are ample amounts of carbs almost always found?
both benefit from fiber-rich foods and consumption of smaller, more frequent meals
Which of the following are characteristic of the conditions diabetes and hypoglycemia?
white rice
Which of the following contains the least amount of fiber?
nonnutrient component of plant seeds
Which of the following describes the compound phytic acid?
amylase
Which of the following does NOT act on simple sugars?
cellulose
Which of the following fibers is insoluble?
dextrins
Which of the following ingredients listed on food labels would be acceptable to the person who is highly intolerant to lactose in the diet?
it is sweeter tasting than sucrose
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glucose?
fruits
Which of the following is NOT a rich source of dietary starch?
starch
Which of the following is NOT a simple carb?
water
Which of the following is a byproduct of the condensation of 2 molecules of glucose?
classified according to solubility in water
Which of the following is a characteristic of dietary fibers?
bacteria in yogurt produce lactase
Which of the following is a characteristic of yogurt?
unripe bananas
Which of the following is a common source of resistant starch?
glucose
Which of the following is a component of all three dietary disaccharides?
many people with type 2 are obese
Which of the following is a feature of diabetes?
should focus on total carb intake rather than type consumed
Which of the following is a feature of diabetes?
virtually absent from animal meats
Which of the following is a feature of glycogen?
contains live bacterial organisms
Which of the following is a feature of kefir?
it is used as a filler in 1/5 prescription drugs
Which of the following is a feature of lactose?
resists hydrolysis by digestive enzymes
Which of the following is a feature of resistant starch?
occurs rarely in otherwise healthy people
Which of the following is a feature of the condition hypoglycemia?
used to thicken jelly
Which of the following is a feature of the pectins?
BG levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon
Which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose?
cellulose bonds are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes
Which of the following is an example of the difference between the chemical bonds in starch and those in cellulose?
cellulose
Which of the following is describes as a non starch polysaccharide?
glucose
Which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose?
fructose
Which of the following is known as fruit sugar or levulose?
40
Which of the following is most consistent with hypoglycemia?
bacteria
Which of the following plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine?
cheddar cheese
Which of the following provides the least amount of lactose per serving?
BG rises, pancreas release insulin, BG levels decline, releases glucagon, stimulates liver to break down glycogen and release glucose, BG rises
Which of the following series of events proceeds upon digestion/absorption of the meal until it is near time for lunch?
way of ranking foods according to potential to increase BG
Which of the following statements describes the glycemic index of foods?
an example of a non polysaccharide fiber is hemicellulose
Which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of fibers?
lactose
Which of the following sugars is NOT found in plants?
75
Which of the following values falls within the normal range of blood glucose?
milk allergy
Which of the following would least likely be connected with the development of lactose intolerance?
african americans
Which shows the highest prevalence of lactose intolerance?
more lactose is removed during manufacturing
Why are hard cheeses lower in lactose than soft cheeses?
neither has an appreciable effect on glucose absorption
With few exceptions, all of the following characteristics are shared by water-soluble and water-insoluble fibers except?
hydrolysis
The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed?
sucrose
The chief carb in beet sugar is?
small intestine
The enzymes that digest dietary sugars are produced by the?