Chapter 4: Tissues-Review Questions

Transmembrane glycoproteins bind the cells together with a submicroscopic space that separates opposing cell membranes in: A. desmosomes B. tight junctions C. connective junctions D. lamina propia

A. desmosomes

Reticular fibers are delicate fibers of collagen in soft organs such as the liver supporting: A. organ cells, nerve fibers, muscle fibers, and capillaries B. bones C. blood cells D. the cytoskeleton of cells

A. organ cells, nerve fibers, muscle fibers, and capillaries

The sensory neurons of the body: A. receive impulses and transport them to the central nervous system B. interpret the stimuli received from the environment C. carry impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles D. stimulate the endocrine glands to secrete hormones

A. receive impulses and transport them to the central nervous system

Epithelium in which the cells change shape in response to mechanical stretching is known as: A. transitional epithelium B. pseudo-stratified epithelium C. stratified epithelium D. cuboidal epithelium

A. transitional epithelium

The cells of adipose tissue appear microscopically as: A. cells with many nuclei B. cells with the nucleus and cytoplasm at the rim of the cell C. cells with bands around them D. long branching cells with several short projections and one long projection

B. cells with the nucleus and cytoplasm at the rim of the cell

The major portions of many human glands are composed of: A. muscle tissues B. epithelial tissues C. blood tissues D. nervous tissue

B. epithelial tissues

The most widely found type of cartilage in the body, found in the external ear, nose, trachea, and bronchi, is: A. elastic cartilage B. hyaline cartilage C. fibrous cartilage D. osseus cartilage

B. hyaline cartilage

Serous fluid can be distinguished from mucus because serous: A. is more viscous B. is more watery C. contains no enzymes D. is produced only by goblet cells

B. is more watery

Macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes may all be located in: A. blood tissue B. loose connective tissue C. nerve tissue D. dense connective tissue

B. loose connective tissue

The salivary glands, mammary glands, and sweat glands are collectively referred to as: A. goblet glands B. multi-cellular glands C. single-celled glands D. endocrine glands

B. multi-cellular glands

Cellular junctions prohibiting substances from passing between cells are called: A. desmosomes B. tight junctions C. gap junctions D. macrophage junctions

B. tight junctions

Simple squamous epithelium consists of: A. a single layer of tall cells B. many layers of different types of cells C. a single layer of flat cells D. several layers of cuboidal cells

C. a single layer of flat cells

The fat stored in adipose tissue is useful: A. for the synthesis of proteins B. for the synthesis of nuclei C. as an energy source D. as a source of minerals

C. as an energy source

All the following are layers of mucous membranes except: A. lamina propia B. epithelium C. cartilage D. muscularis mucosae

C. cartilage

Which of the following characteristics applies to cartilage? A. the substance of cartilage is mainly carbohydrate B. there is only one kind of cartilage in the body C. cartilage has no blood vessels D. cartilage is never replaced by bone in the body

C. cartilage has no blood vessels

One of the principal locations of stratified squamous epithelium in the body is the: A. medulla of the kidney B. fallopian tube C. epidermis of the skin D. nerve tissue of the brain

C. epidermis of the skin

All the following are functions of the blood except: A. it transports waste products from the cells B. it is a site where body defense reactions occur C. it is the location where carbohydrates are synthesized D. it transports nutrients and gases to the cells

C. it is the location where carbohydrates are synthesized

All the following are functions of nervous tissue except: A. it coordinates conscious activities B. it receives and relays signals C. it provides support for the body D. it responds to stimuli

C. it provides support for the body

The major bone-forming cells are: A. osteocytes B. osteoclasts C. osteoblasts D. osteophages

C. osteoblasts

One of the important functions of epithelial tissue is to: 1. relay nerve impulses B. serve as a storage depot for fat C. bear great amounts of weight in the body D. absorb gases or nutrients

D. absorb gases or nutrients

The ground substance of bone is composed of hydroxyapatite, which is a: A. sodium chloride salt B. potassium permanganate salt C. bismuth chloride salt D. calcium phosphate salt

D. calcium phosphate salt

Tendons and ligaments are strong because they are composed of: A. hyaline cartilage B. hydroxyapatite C. skeletal muscle D. dense regular connective tissue

D. dense regular connective tissue

Those glands releasing their products through the membranes of cells by the process of exocytosis are known: A. exocrine glands B. holocrine glands C. multi-cellular glands D. merocrine glands

D. merocrine glands

Exocrine glands are those glands that: A. produce hormones B. secrete their products directly into the bloodstream C. are referred to as ductless glands D. secrete their products into ducts

D. secrete their products into ducts

All the following systems are lined with epithelial tissue except: A. the reproductive system B. the urinary system C. the respiratory system D. the skeletal system

D. the skeletal system

Flat, sheet-like tendons composed of dense regular connective tissue are called ligaments.

False. Aponeuroses

Intercalated disks are specialized types of cell junctions that may be found in skeletal muscle.

False. Cardiac

Chondroblasts are the cells widely found in smooth muscle tissue.

False. Cartilage

Those glands having branched ducts are known as simple glands.

False. Compound

T/F: The exocrine glands secrete their products into the blood for transport.

False. Ducts

T/F: The type of tissue that covers the body surfaces is connective tissue.

False. Epithelial

Matrix-producing cells present in loose connective tissue are the osteoblasts.

False. Fibroblasts

Merocrine glands release their products when the cells break open.

False. Holocrine

Smooth muscles are voluntary muscles.

False. Involuntary

T/F: The slimy, viscous material known as mucus is composed primarily of protein and fat.

False. Polysaccharide

Collagen is a polysaccharide forming fibers with high tensile strength and flexibility in loose connective tissue

False. Protein

T/F: The trachea and upper respiratory tract as well as parts of the male reproductive ducts are lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

False. Pseudostratified Columnar

The type of connective tissue with delicate fibers in a network to support cells of soft organs such as the spleen and liver is called elastic connective tissue.

False. Reticular

The adrenal glands produce both mucus and enzymes within serous fluid, and are therefore also known as seromucous glands.

False. Salivary

Motor neurons are those neurons that receive impulses from the environment and transport them to the central nervous system.

False. Sensory

Mucous membranes line body cavities and cover the surfaces of organs in the ventral cavities.

False. Serous

T/F: Adhering junctions in epithelial tissue extend around the perimeter of the cells and are formed by fusion of the cell membranes of adjacent cells with interlocking membrane proteins.

False. Tight

Blood is a specialized type of connective tissue because its ground substance is fluid.

True

Compact bone is the type of solid bone that composes the external portion of long bones.

True

Phagocytic cells that engulf foreign agents in connective tissues are the macrophages.

True

T/F: Desmosomes are a type of cellular junction in which a submicroscopic space separates opposing cell membranes, and transmembrane glycoproteins bind the cells together.

True

T/F: Layers of stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of layers of cuboidal cells and are found in the tubules of the testis and in follicles of the ovary.

True

T/F: Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in the pigmented epithelium of the retina of the eye, the surface layer of the ovary, and parts of the testis.

True

The pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum are examples of serous membranes.

True

The support cells found in nervous tissue are known as neuroglial cells.

True

Fat tissue is a type of connective tissue proper, also known as

adipose tissue

Epithelial tissue is anchored to the underlying connective tissue by a(n)

basement membrane

The ground substance is fluid in the connective tissue referred to as

blood

Hydroxyapatite is found primarily in tissue known as

bone

The muscle of the heart and walls of large vessels near the heart is a special form of muscle referred to as

cardiac muscle

The cells that produce cartilage are

chondroblasts

Cartilage consists of a firm, rubber-like mixture of proteoglycans and cells called

chondrocytes

Those glands with branched ducts are

compound glands

At various places in the body, membranes are formed by a sheet of epithelium and its underlying

connective tissue

A submicroscopic space separates opposing cell membranes, and transmembrane glycoproteins bind these cells together in junctions known as

desmosomes

The exocrine glands secrete their products into

ducts

The epiglottis, external ear, and Eustachian tube contain a flexible type of cartilage referred to as

elastic cartilage

The ligaments between adjacent vertebrae, the vocal cords, and the walls of the large arteries contain a type of connective tissue proper called

elastic connective tissue

Those glands secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream are

endocrine glands

A serous-secreting gland produces watery material often containing

enzymes

The tissue that covers the body surfaces, lines it cavities, and forms the major portions of many glands is called

epithelium

The protein fibers of loose connective tissue are synthesized by cells known as

fibroblasts

Tubular passageways between adjacent cells that allow movement of ions and small molecules from one cell to another are called

gap junctions

Epithelial cells that produce products such as enzymes, sweat, and hormones are known as

glandular epithelium

The matrix of connective tissue contains both cells and

ground substance

When a cell breaks open to release its secretions, the secretions are derived from glands known as

holocrine glands

The weakest type of cartilage, found at the ends of the long bones, in the trachea and bronchi, and in the external ear and nose is called

hyaline cartilage

In a mucous membrane, the connective tissue supporting the epithelium and containing blood vessels is

lamina propia

Four different types of connective tissue are established based on the characteristics of the ground substance and the

matrix

Those glands that release their products through the cell membranes through the process of exocytosis are known as

merocrine glands

The cells in epithelial tissue divide by the process of

mitosis

The major function of muscle tissue in the body is to permit

movement

The slimy, viscous material produced by goblet cells of the digestive tract and cells of the respiratory tract is known as

mucus

Dense irregular connective tissues consist of collagen fibers arranged in random bundles and are found as a covering over cartilage, bone, and

muscles

Neuroglial cells and neurons are the two main kinds of cells in

nervous tissue

A goblet cell is a type of exocrine gland composed of

one cell

The components of bone tissue are synthesized by specialized cells called

osteoblasts

In adults, the basic structure of compact bone is the

osteon

In loose connective tissue, macrophages engulf and destroy foreign agents in the process of

phagocytosis

Bone is much stronger than cartilage mainly because the matrix of bone tissue contains salts of calcium and

phosphate

The primary function of stratified squamous epithelium in the human body is

protection

The thin, delicate collagen fibers supporting capillaries, nerve, and muscle fibers in loose connective tissue are called

reticular fibers

The pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum are examples of membranes referred to

serous membranes

The cells of the nervous tissue are specially adapted to receive and relay

signals

Epithelium consisting of a single layer of tall cells with nuclei close to the base of the cells is described as

simple columnar epithelium

Epithelial tissue occurring in sheets having a single layer is known as

simple epithelium

Both endothelium and mesothelium are types of

simple squamous epithelium

The epidermis of the skin consists of epithelium known as

stratified squamous epithelium

In transitional epithelium, the cells change shape in response to

stretching

Skeletal muscle cells have microscopic bands within them, so skeletal muscle is also referred to as

striated muscle

Multi-cellular glands are typified by the salivary glands, mammary glands, pancreatic glands, and

sweat glands

Dense regular connective tissue contains parallel bundles of collagen fibers arranged in random bundles and are found as a covering over cartilage, bone, and

tendons

Those junctions formed by fusions of cell membranes of adjacent cells with interlocking membrane proteins are

tight junctions

The ureter and urinary bladder contain up to six or seven layers of epithelial tissue known as

transitional epithelium

Skeletal muscle is attached to the skeleton; because it is under conscious nervous system control, it is also known as

voluntary muscle