Chapter 6- MGMT 4669
According to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and ______
valence
An employee's manager is retiring at the end of the month, but the employee has no desire to apply for the position because it would mean working longer hours and a lot more travel. This employee has a negative Blank______ with respect to the position.
valence
An employee's manager is retiring at the end of the month, but the employee has no desire to apply for the position because it would mean working longer hours and a lot more travel. This employee has a negative ______ with respect to the position.
valence
The term ___________ is defined by the question "Does the outcome have any value to me?"
valence
Sam is nervous about donating blood at the blood drive at work, but sees coworkers donating blood and thinks, "If they can do it, I can do it!" This is an example of which source of self-efficacy?
vicarious experiences
Rank the following motivating forces in order of their strength on job performance, with the strongest job performance motivator listed at top and the lowest job performance motivator listed at bottom
1. Self-efficacy 2.specific, difficult goals- 3. increased valence, instrumentality, and expectancy 4. perceptions of equity
Ted has always been a hard-driving, competitive individual. He talks fast, walks fast, eats fast, and gets angry fast. Ted would likely be described as exhibiting the Type _______ Behavior Pattern.
A
A)verbal persuasion B)emotional cues C)past accomplishments D)vicarious experiences
A)Harley enrolls in an MBA program because friends and family have convinced her that she can succeed. B)Harley is extremely nervous about being back in a classroom after almost ten years and is unsure about succeeding in an MBA program. C)Harley earned a 3.9 GPA in her undergraduate program, and that bolsters her confidence about doing well in graduate school. D)Harley's best friend recently earned an MBA from the same university and recommended the program enthusiastically.
Which of the following would be characterized as an extrinsic motivation?
A)Samantha's new boss frequently praises her for the quality of her work. B)Bettina's new job has a lucrative bonus benefits package.
Which three of the following are reasons an employee may be more motivated than his or her counterparts?
A)The employee has feelings of psychological empowerment. B)The employee has specific, challenging, and achievable goals. C)The employee has feelings of expectancy and instrumentality.
Which of the following would be characterized as intrinsic motivations?
A)Tiana is auditing a psychology course at the community college because she finds the subject fascinating. B)Bob takes as many cooking classes as he can find because he loves to cook
Which of the following are reasons some employees may lack motivation?
A)lack of confidence B)assignment of an ambiguous goal
In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered outcomes?
A)pay B) promotions
An employee has just learned that a coworker, who has less experience and education, is earning a higher salary. Which three of the following actions would be the most likely results of this equity distress?
A)reducing efforts on the job B)becoming angry or envious C)asking the boss for a raise
In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered inputs?
A)skills B)experience
Which of the following are supportive practices that help employees manage and balance their role demands?
A)telecommuting B)flextime C)compressed workweeks
What kind of belief answers the question "What are the chances that, if I work very hard, I'll be able to do a good job?"
Expectancy
Which theory of motivation argues that objectives determine the work actions of people?
Goal setting theory
What type of motivation is involved when an employee finds internal satisfaction in doing a job well?
Intrinsic motivation
Which of the following best defines valence?
It is the believed worth of the results of one's efforts.
What is the term for cognitive groupings or clusters of outcomes that are viewed as having critical psychological or physiological consequences?
Needs
An employee with little experience in event planning is convinced they have the ability to plan a successful company holiday party. What type of belief does this demonstrate?
Self-efficacy
What employee motivator tends to produce the best professional results?
Self-efficacy
Lump-sum bonuses have a high impact on motivation because the lump-sum bonuses link financial payments to the successful achievement of certain tasks.
True
True or false: One of the problems with determining needs is that people's conceptions of needs vary between different cultures or even between individuals.
True
People consider ______ job demands less stressful.
benign
Kendra has been working for Harmon Electronics as a quality-control inspector for three years. She learns that a coworker with less experience and less time with the company is earning more than she is. What role does Kendra's coworker fulfill, according to the equity theory?
comparison other
According to equity theory, we examine our own efforts and results and contrast them with the efforts and results of other employees. What term is used to describe these other workers?
comparison others
A(n) ______ goal is one that stretches employees to perform at their maximum level while still staying within the boundaries of their ability.
difficult
Shawn has just learned that a coworker, who has fewer years of experience and less education, earns a higher salary. According to equity theory, what will Shawn experience?
equity distress
What term describes the phenomenon in which workers become upset after comparing their equity with others?
equity distress
What theory asserts that motivation is based on what a person considers to be fair when compared to others?
equity theory
What theory of motivation suggests that motivation depends on individuals' perceptions of their life and what occurs in lives of others?
equity theory
Which of the following motivation theories considers the ratio between outcomes and inputs and recognizes that outcomes depend in part on what occurs in the lives of others?
equity theory
A person's belief that the effort they put into completing a task will lead to performing at a desired level is called
expectancy
A student believes that studying hard for the next organizational behavior test will result in good performance. What kind of belief does this exemplify?
expectancy
An individual's belief that effort will result in positive outcomes is known as ______.
expectancy
Which theory of motivation proposes that work effort is directed toward positive experiences and away from negative ones?
expectancy theory
In equity theory, inputs usually refer to
experience
Danielle is eager to earn an A average in her college courses this semester because her parents have promised her a trip to Florida if she achieves this. The trip is an example of ______ forces in Danielle's motivation.
external
Shyla is a customer service representative for Universal Equipment in Chicago. This month, the employee with the highest customer service will get a free parking space. She would also be proud of herself if she won. The free parking space would be a(n) ________outcome and her pride would be a(n) ________outcome.
extrinsic; intrinsic
Which of following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action?
goal
What is the name for the type of stressors that prevent people from achieving personal success or goals?
hindrance
Elena is the sales manager for a floor tiling company. She sees that the sales numbers for her employee Roger have been slipping and wants him to do a better job. Under goal-setting theory, which of the following goals for Roger would most likely result in higher levels of task performance?
increase sales by 25% during the next quarter
If an employee is feeling negative inequity (underrewarded) due to less pay than a comparable other, they are most likely to do all of the following except
increase their efforts
A student believes that doing well on the next test will ensure an A in the course. These thoughts demonstrate what type of belief?
instrumentality
An employee complains after a performance review, "I don't get it. I got the top rating in the department, but I got the same raise as everyone else, even the slackers. Obviously, our raises don't depend on how hard you work or how good a job you do!" According to expectancy theory, this employee would be described as having low ______ .
instrumentality
Harold's boss frequently exhorts his subordinates to work harder by promising them a substantial bonus at the end of each quarter. However, bonuses are only sporadically awarded regardless of meeting performance goals. As a result, Harold's ________may be low.
instrumentality
People who believe that a successful performance will result in a certain outcome are experiencing ______.
instrumentality
When an individual experiences psychological empowerment, performing the work tasks serves as its own reward. What kind of motivation is this? Multiple choice question.
intrinsic
In the context of work, what quality results from the feeling that job tasks are valuable relative to an individual's own ideals and passions?
meaningfulness
Rauda is passionate about her job as an adoption counselor at the local humane shelter. She feels that her job helps her fulfill the value she places on saving the lives of homeless animals. Which element of psychological empowerment does this exemplify?
meaningfulness
Which term describes how hard people work towards something, where they apply their efforts, and how they continue to work towards their goals?
motivation
Joe has the same qualifications (education and experience) as Chelsea, and they work for the same company. Joe finds out that Chelsea is earning a higher salary than him, even though they both do the same job. Based on equity theory, what is Joe most likely to experience?
negative inequity (underreward)
Profit sharing depends on the performance of an entire company. What type of focus does this compensation plan have?
organizational
After comparing your situation with that of a comparison other, you realize that your ratio of outcomes and inputs is greater than the other person's. According to equity theory, this is what type of a situation?
overreward inequity
What do people experience when they believe that their professional work contributes to some greater cause?
psychological empowerment
At his accounting firm, Luis is motivated by his need to predict and control the future of his job, also called
safety
Which type of belief prompt people to think that they have the capabilities needed to carry out the behaviors needed for a task?
self-efficacy
In equity theory, outcomes usually refer to
training
When you compare your situation with that of a comparison other, you realize that your ratio of outcomes to inputs is significantly less than the other person's. According to equity theory, you would now perceive yourself to be in which state?
underreward inequity