Chapter 7 Biology Test

Identify each of the cell structures indicated in Figure 7-3. Use these terms: nucleus, mitochondrion, ribosome, cell membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm.

(A)- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (B) Cytoplasm (C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (D) Nucleolus (E) Nucleus (F) Mitochondria (G) Golgi Apparatus (H) Ribosome (I) Cell Membrane.

Electron microscopes can reveal details _____ times smaller than those visible in light microscopes.

1,000

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?

Active Transport

Explain, in terms of osmosis, why a raisin placed in a cup of pure water overnight will puff up with water.

Because the concentration of water in the cup is greater than the concentration of water in the raisin, water will flow from the cup into the raisin.

Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7-1 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?

C) Vacuoles

The cells of unicellular organisms are able to________________________________.

Carry out all of the functions necessary for life.

Make a list representing the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?

Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System

A cell's relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions are called _________

Cellular Function

The cell's genetic information is found in the cell's nucleus as threadlike , ________ which are made of chromatin and protein.

Chromosomes

How are endocytosis and exocytosis similar? How are they different?

Endocytosis - The process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the cell membrane. Exocytosis- The membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane.

An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes water to move __________ .

Equally in both directions

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

Facilitated Diffusion

Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?

It has no nucleus

Predict Look at Figure 7-4. Describe the movement of water in the experimental setup. What will happen to the concentration of water over time?

It will go o the other side and sink to the bottom.

Predict What will the apparatus shown in Figure 7-4 look like when equilibrium is reached?

It will not be trapped on either side but continues to be exchanged equally from side to side.

Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?

Lysomes

Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus? Mitochondria, chromatin, nucleolus, DNA

Mitochondira

Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into useable energy?

Mitochondria

In plants, __________ capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy.

Molecules

Diffusion occurs because molecules constantly_____________________________.

Move

Interpret Visuals Describe the experimental setup shown in Figure 7-4

Osmosis

Some materials can move across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient by __________

Passive transport

Is the cell in Figure 7-2 a prokaryote or a eukaryote? How can you tell? Use the features labeled A, B, and C to describe the cell.

Prokaryote

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Regulates movement throughout the cell.

What is the sequence that correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell? Name 3 organelles.

Ribosome, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus.

Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them "cells"?

Robert Hooke

What advantages do cell walls provide plant cells that contact fresh water?

The cells gain energy and water an distribute it o its correct location

Predict Once equilibrium is reached in the apparatus shown in Figure 7-4, will the water molecules continue to move? Explain your answer.

The molecules will continue to move back and forth across the membrane at equal rates.

Compare and Contrast How does the solution on Side A of the apparatus shown in Figure 7-4 differ from the solution on Side B?

There is more solute in side B then side A

Electrons pass through thin slices of cells or tissues and produce flat, two-dimensional images in __________ electron microscopy.

Transmission