Chapter 7

Convention of Montefontaine

What treaty ended the Franco-American Alliance of 1778 and removed some French restrictions on U.S. commerce, and ended the Quasi-War.

Edmund Randolph

Who was the first Attorney General of the US? He was a delegate from Virginia at the Constitutional Convention and introduced the Virginia Plan of government?

Henry Knox

Who was the first Secretary of War under Washington.

Alien Law

What act passed in 1798 said that the president could export any alien without a trial by using an executive order?

Election of 1788

In the first Presidential Election, George Washington won unanimously in the Electoral College and John Adams was elected VP.

Election of 1796

In which election did John Adams (Federalist) defeat Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) by an electoral vote of 71-68? Adams became the President and Jefferson became the VP.

Election of 1792

In which election was George Washington elected unanimously for a second term? His VP was John Adams. Washington was reluctant to run for a second term but was persuaded to run by Jefferson and Hamilton. This set a precedent for two terms for president, until FDR was elected 4 times. The 22nd amendment now limits a president to two terms.

Genêt Affair

The incident in 1793 when George Washington objected to a French minister's attempt to hire American privateers to fight on the high seas for France.

Jay's Treaty

The treaty signed in 1794 that said Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It also said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from the period before the revolution and Britain had to remove its troops from the Ohio Valley.

George Washington

Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States.

Alien Enemies Act

What act in 1798 made it legal to arrest and deport non-citizens if they were seen as a threat during a war? It was never activated.

Naturalization Act

What act passed in 1798 increased the time to become a US citizen from 5 to 14 years?

Sedition Act

What act passed in 1798 made it a crime to write, print, or publish criticism of the president of the US?

Alien and Sedition Acts

What acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government. These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798 designed to curb criticism of the federal government: It was a response to the French threat during the Quasi-War. These acts were not appealed to the Supreme Court, but most historians feel they would have been declared unconstitutional.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

What battle fought on August 20,1794 in Ohio ended the Northwest Indian War? General Mad Anthony Wayne's victory led to Treaty of Greenville which gave Native American land in the Ohio Valley to the U.S.

"necessary and proper'

What clause in Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to enact all laws that are required for carrying out responsibilities of Congress? It is also referred to as the implied powers clause.

Virginia Resolutions and Kentucky Resolutions

What documents written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional?

Whiskey Rebellion

What incident in 1794 took place when farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey? Several federal officers were killed in riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by President Washington to Fort Bedford and then with orders from President Washington the army was sent to western Pennsylvania to put down the rebellion and did so in a short period of time. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react and swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation.

XYZ Affair

What incident in 1797 was an insult to the US delegation in Paris when they were supposed to meet the French Foreign Minister but instead the French sent three other officials who demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see French Foreign Minister?

Census

What is the enumeration of the population every 10 years which is required by the constitution?

Judiciary Act of 1789

What legislation passed by Congress created the federal court system in 1789?

cabinet

What name is given to a group of people appointed by the President to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers?

lame duck

What name is given to a person still in office after he or she has lost a bid for reelection?

Quasi-War

What name was given to the undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800?

Pinckney's Treaty

What treaty also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo, passed in 1795 established commercial relations between Spain and the United States, granted the United States free navigation of the Mississippi River through Spanish territory, and fixed the boundaries of Louisiana and Florida?

Greenville Treaty

What treaty signed in 1795 ended the Northwest Indian War? In exchange for goods to the value of $20,000 (such as blankets, utensils, and domestic animals), the Native Americans turned over to the United States large parts of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region.

Franco-American Alliance of 1778

What treaty was a defensive alliance between the United States and France which stated that we would come to each others aid in the indefinite future in the case of a British attack?

National Bank

What type of bank was created as a part of Hamilton's financial plan? The bank would would keep government money, make loans, and issue a national currency.

Protective tariffs

What type of tariff is designed to shield domestic producers of a good or service from the competition of foreign producers?

Assumption of Debts

What was Hamilton's idea that the federal government should assume all the debts of the state and fully repay all foreign debts in order to gain credibility?

Proclamation of Neutrality

What was the formal announcement issued by President Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the U.S. was neutral in the conflict between Great Britain and France?

Twelve amendment

Which amendment changed the method to elect a President? The change would place the Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominees on the same party ticket. Before, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the winner becoming President and second-place becoming Vice-President.

Election of 1800

Which election ended in a tie between Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson? The election went to the House of Representatives and Jefferson won the presidency after 36 ballots. Alexander Hamilton influenced the election by persuading three members of the House to vote for Jefferson.

Democratic-Republicans

Which political party was known for its support of strong state governments and was founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1792 in opposition to the Federalist Party?

Aaron Burr

Who was one of the leading Democratic-Republicans of New York, and served as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1791-1797? He was the principal opponent of Alexander Hamilton's Federalist policies. In the election of 1800, he tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made him Vice- President.

Gilbert Stuart

Who was the American artist best known for his portraits of George Washington?

John Jay

Who was the US diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the Virginian, architect, author, governor, president and first Secretary of State under Washington's administration? He wrote the Declaration of Independence and designed the buildings of the University of Virginia.

Alexander Hamilton

Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury? He supported the creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Matthew Lyon

Who was the first person to be put on trial for violating the Alien and Sedition Acts on charges of criticizing decisions made by Federalist President John Adams? He was sentenced to four months in jail and ordered to pay a $1,000 fine and court costs. While in jail, he won election to the Sixth Congress.

Oliver Ellsworth

Who was the person that helped create the Supreme Court? He was the third Supreme Court Chief Justice and former Senator from Connecticut.

John Adams

Who was the second president of the United States? He was a leader of the Federalists party. The passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts during his administration hurt his popularity and the Federalist party.

Federalists

Who were the supporters of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government?