Chapter 7-Test
The typical procedure for an initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of _________ of the number of registered voters in a state. a. 5 to 10 percent b. 25 to 30 percent c. 45 to 50 percent d. more than 50 percent e. at least 60 percent
5 to 10 percent
The __________ Amendment to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." a. Tenth b. Fourteenth c. Fifteenth d. Twenty-second e. Eighteenth
Fifteenth
Which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through mass suffrage? a. France b. Australia c. Canada d. Great Britain e. United States
United States
One criterion that must be met for a country to be democratic is that it must a. have only two political parties. b. be politically divided along traditional liberal/conservative lines. c. have more than one political party. d. allow initiative and referendum. e. prevent interest groups from unduly influencing elections.
have more than one political party
When a citizen contributes money to a candidate's campaign, he or she is engaging in a. unconventional participation. b. supportive behavior. c. influencing behavior. d. competitive behavior. e. elite behavior.
influencing behavior
Typically, a referenda is placed on the ballot by a. PACs. b. special interest groups. c. the president. d. voters. e. legislators.
legislators
In Oregon, everyone votes by a. telephone. b. Internet. c. electronic devices. d. mail. e. raising their hand.
Researchers have found that political apathy is _________ in the United States compared to almost all other nations. a. much lower b. slightly lower c. about the same d. slightly higher e. much higher
much lower
According to the text, with respect to political participation, "_________ is the great equalizer,..." a. protest b. voting c. contacting political elites d. education e. political party activism
protest
The effect of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which enfranchised eighteen-to-twenty-year-olds, was to a. boost voter turnout in the United States above that of most other democratic nations. b. reduce the national voter turnout rate. c. increase the national voter turnout rate. d. decrease the percentage of the population that distrusts the American political system. e. counter the increasing social mobility of this group.
reduce the national voter turnout rate
The standard socioeconomic model recognizes the relationship between socioeconomic status and a. gender-based political involvement. b. unconventional political involvement. c. incumbency rates. d. political partisanship. e. conventional political involvement.
conventional political involvement
The standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to a. age, race, and education. b. gender, ethnicity, and income. c. race, income, and religion. d. age, education, and political interest. e. education, income, and occupation
education, income, and occupation
The majoritarian model of democracy favors a. both conventional and unconventional forms of participation. b. unconventional forms of participation. c. resourceful individuals seeking particularized benefits. d. better-educated, wealthier citizens. e. voting as the primary means of participation
voting as the primary means of participation
Around the world, the percentage of countries holding regular, free, and fair elections has risen to _____ percent. a. 37%. b. 43%. c. 49%. d. 54%. e. 63%.
63%
Citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the _________ phenomenon. a. contacting b. NIMBY c. supportive d. class action e. unconventional political participation.
NIMBY
Since they were not happy with voting for candidates selected by party leaders, ____________ championed the direct primary. a. African Americans b. democrats c. southern voters d. women e. Progressives
Progressives
Women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are a. far lower. b. slightly lower. c. about the same. d. slightly higher. e. far higher.
about the same
In general today, women politically participate a. less than men. b. more than men. c. less than men if they are married, but more if they are not. d. at about the same rate as men. e. There is no consistent pattern across different forms of participation.
at about the same rate as men
Elections, as an institutional mechanism, a. have no perceptible effect on policies and actions of governments. b. diminish the power and authority of the state. c. encourage the citizenry to engage in other kinds of political participation. d. bolster the power and authority of the state. e. equalize segments of the population.
bolster the power and authority of the state
An example of a citizen using "contacting behavior" is a. calling the county animal control office to remove a raccoon from a window well. b. reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. c. pressuring an alderman to vote against an increase in school taxes. d. flying the American flag on July 4th. e. standing during a parade when the American flag passes by.
calling the county animal control office to remove a raccoon from a window well
A practical test of whether or not a government is democratic is whether a. people can operate outside government institutions to influence policy making. b. citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions. c. direct action is necessary for government to hear citizens' views. d. conventional political action consists largely of influencing behaviors and not supportive behaviors. e. there is only one political party.
citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions
Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the voting age to eighteen, because they a. recognized the justice of the student antiwar and civil rights movements. b. knew that student voter turnout would be low. c. expected the new voters to change the political balance of power drastically. d. hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation. e. realized the unfairness of the discrepancy between the military draft age and the voting age.
hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation
Political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because a. conventional forms have greater impact. b. few people consider unconventional forms legitimate. c. it is easier to collect data on conventional practices. d. they are biased toward unconventional politics. e. they are not allowed access to unconventional forms
it is easier to collect data on conventional practices
Because it depends on mass participation in politics, majoritarianism tends to a. enhance individual freedom. b. favor the less wealthy. c. minimize the impact of differences in socioeconomic status. d. limit individual freedom. e. disproportionately advantage politically-motivated individuals
limit individual freedom
According to the text, Americans were __________ politically apathetic in 2012 compared to 1952. a. much less b. a little less c. neither more nor less d. a little more e. much more
neither more nor less
Compared with citizens in other democracies, Americans are a. unwilling to join demonstrations. b. more willing to boycott products. c. more interested in politics. d. less trusting of the government. e. not noticeably apathetic.
not noticeably apathetic
According to the text, if the criterion is ___________, America has the best and most democratic government in the world. a. amount of political information available to voters b. effectiveness of politicians and the political system c. degree of public participation in all types of political activities d. number of elections held e. history of responsive governance
number of elections held
Someone who asserts that elections "socialize political activity" is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain a. freedom. b. majoritarianism. c. equality. d. order. e. independence
order
A direct primary is a a. direct vote on a proposed law. b. preliminary election to choose party candidates. c. special election initiated by petition. d. procedure by which voters can propose a law to be considered by the legislature. e. recorded position on an issue by an interest group
preliminary election to choose party candidates
The relationship between participation and order is complicated because a. order and participation are inherently contradictory. b. participation promotes order. c. order promotes participation. d. some types of participation promote disorder. e. both are positive values.
some types of participation promote disorder
Although terrorism is an unconventional political action, it is generally not counted as unconventional political participation because a. terrorists do not seek to influence government but to destroy it. b. the acceptability of terrorism varies from culture to culture. c. terrorism uses fear, not persuasion, as its primary tactic. d. terrorist acts generally concern international politics, not domestic disputes. e. terrorism does not use the established institutions of representative government.
terrorists do not seek to influence government but to destroy it
By law, the U.S. presidential election occurs a. the last Wednesday in October. b. the first Thursday in November. c. the last Monday in November. d. the second Tuesday in November. e. the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November
One recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that a. they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions. b. citizens cannot exercise great power over government policy through these mechanisms. c. controversial ballot measures tend to lower voter turnout. d. voters increasingly tend to reject all ballot measures. e. voters are not able to express discontent with political policies.
they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions
The American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of a. union members. b. the poor. c. those with greater resources. d. no particular group. e. nonvoters.
those with greater resources
To maintain order, the government has a stake in converting _______ whenever possible. a. education into voting behavior b. wealth into contributions c. unconventional participation into conventional participation d. voting into "buy-in" e. foreign policy issues into domestic policy issues
unconventional participation into conventional
Compared with other nations in the world in granting suffrage to women, the United States a. was among the first. b. ranked about in the middle. c. lagged far behind. d. was unique in extending that right without being pressured to do so. e. was more selective in which women were extended the right
was among the first