Chapter 8 Quiz

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance? a) Atkinson-Shriffin model b) self-reference effect c) sensory memory d) Stroop effect

b) self-reference effect

What did a researcher identify by timing participants on how long they took to name colors when the semantic meaning of the word differed from the color it was presented in? a) engrams b) equipotentiality hypothesis c) Stroop effect d) visual encoding

c) Stroop effect

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? There are three types of encoding: semantic, visual, and sensory. a) change the word "encoding" to the word "decoding" b) change the word "semantic" to the word "memory" c) change the word "sensory" to the word "acoustic" d) change the word "visual" to the word "acoustic"

c) change the word "sensory" to the word "acoustic"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Persistence refers to lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention. a) change the word "attention" to the word "focus" b) change the word "lapses" to the word "delays" c) change the word "memory" to the word "emotions" d) change the word "persistence" to the word "absent-mindedness"

d) change the word "persistence" to the word "absent-mindedness"

Giorgio memorizes the German poem "The Erlking" to recite in his eighth grade German class. He remembers it well for weeks after the presentation, but gradually his ability to recite the poem fades. This is an example of ________, one of the seven sins of memory. a) blocking b) misattribution c) persistence d) transience

d) transience

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using? a) amygdala b) cerebellum c) hippocampus d) prefrontal cortex

a) amygdala

Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory. a) arousal b) emotion c) equipotentiality d) flasbulb

a) arousal

Which theory/hypothesis suggests that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weak emotional experiences form weak memories? a) arousal theory b) engram hypothesis c) equipotentiality hypothesis d) flashbulb theory

a) arousal theory

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________. a) chunking b) elaborative rehearsal c) mnemonic device d) persistence

a) chunking

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall? a) explicit memories b) implicit memories c) sensory memories d) short-term memories

a) explicit memories

What is episodic memory? a) information about events we have personally experienced b) knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts c) storage of facts and events we have personally experienced d) type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

a) information about events we have personally experienced

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________. a) coding; recoding b) construction; reconstruction c) equipotentiality; amnesia d) information; misinformation

b) construction; reconstruction

According to Baddeley and Hitch, ________. a) animals process memories the same way as people b) short-term memory itself has different forms c) people process happy memories better than sad memories d) people will name a color more easily if it appears printed in that color

b) short-term memory itself has different forms

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________. a) declarative memory b) hyperthymesia c) rehearsal d) relarning

c) rehearsal

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. a) encoding b) hyperthymesia c) retrieval d) storage

c) retrieval

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states? a) memorize the five states at a time-- group the information into a more manageable size b) sing the names of the 50 states to the tune of "happy birthday" c) stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study d) think of something you might do in each state if you were on a vacation in that state

c) stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: transitional memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. a) change the word "memory" to the word "neurotransmitter" b) change the word "short-term" to the word "episodic" c) change the word "storage" to the word "engram" d) change the word "transitional" to the word "sensory"

d) change the word "transitional" to the word "sensory"

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system. a) effortless processing b) encoding c) an engram d) relearnig

d) relearning

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct? a) communication among neurons via the amygdala is critical for developing new memories b) the amygdala is a processing area for explicit memories c) the amygdala is involved in normal recognition memory as well as spatial memory d) the amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory

d) the amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device? a) dividing your telephone number into groups of numbers to remember it easier b) drinking coffee when you study for your math exam, then drinking coffee at your exam to reproduce the mental state you had when you studied c) using a biofeedback machine to track your alpha waves during an exam d) using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

d) using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes