characteristic properties of substances

at what temp does water have its max density

4 degrees celsius

how many water molecules can water link to

4 others -creates tetrahedral structure

are bromides soluble or insoluble in water

all are soluble except those combined with Pb2+

water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane that transports the water through proteins called

aquaporins

stores energy in the phosphate bonds that hold the molecule together

atp molecules

what happens to all substances when they are heated

becomes less dense

what happens to all substances when they are cooled

becomes more dense

occurs when 2 atoms share a pair of electrons with each other

bonds holding together non polar covalent bond

can diffuse across the plasma membrane directly

carbon dioxide and hydrogen

-is a passive process -osmosis is an example of this process -gas exchange in tissues is an example of this

diffusion

gas exchange for photosynthesis in an example of

diffusion

gas exchange in the alveoli is an example of

diffusion

is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of higher to lower concentration

diffusion

type of passive transport where particles are transported from higher to lower areas of concentration -when equilibrium is reached, this transport stops -ex: gas exchange during photosynthesis

diffusion

why does water have a high surface tension

due to hydrogen bonding

can change depending on the size of a system and the amount of matter within it which makes it an extensive property

entropy

the degree of disorder within a system -how random and unpredictable something is -measured by the amount of energy unavailable in a closed thermodynamic system

entropy

which physical property includes : volume, mass, weight, energy, entropy, number of moles, and electrical charge

extensive

the length of a material is an example of intensive or extensive property

extensive -bc it depends on the amount of the used material

this physical property does depend on the amount of matter and quantity of the sample -does change if the sample size is increased or decreased -if sample size increases, property increases etc. -ex: mass: one oz of orange juice is diff from one gallon of orange juice

extensive property

in this process, membrane proteins (channels or carries) help to facilitate the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane

facilitated diffusion

type of diffusion where specific molecules are transported by a specific carrier protein

facilitated diffusion

can alter chemical properties of the molecules involved, such as raising the melting point of a solid

hydrogen bonding

occurs between molecules when at least one contains a hydrogen atom and both molecules have a small electric charge because the molecule is polar

hydrogen bonding

occurs btwn molecules when at least one contains a hydrogen atom and both molecules have a small electric charge because the molecule is polar

hydrogen bonding

when the atom of a molecule interacts with a hydrogen atom in the same area -can also form btwn two diff parts of the same molecule

hydrogen bonding

are responsible for the organized structure of solid water that makes ice less dense than liquid water

hydrogen bonds

forms between a partial positively charged region on one molecule and the partial negatively charged region on another molecule -weak and short lived, but the strongest weak bond -gives water many important properties -also important component of proteins, nucleic acids, dna

hydrogen bonds

generally insoluble

hydroxides

forms a solid larger hexagonal structure as the molecules form hydrogen bonds with one another

ice

are phosphates soluble or insoluble in water

insoluble

when a substance will not dissolve into solution by breaking apart into ions

insoluble

is boiling point an example of intensive or extensive property

intensive

which physical property includes: color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, density, ductility, malleability, specific heat, temp, concentration, magnetization

intensive

this physical property does not depend on the amount of matter or quantity of the sample -will not change if the sample size is increased or decreased -ex: color: one oz or one gallon of orange juice will still be orange

intensive property

highly soluble in water

ionic compounds

when this kind of substance dissolved in water, it is broken up into individual cations and anions which are surrounded by water and molecules

ionic substances

the energy that possesses due to its motion ex: a thrown ball falling

kinetic energy

is the way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock. or mineral

lustre/luster

is a substances ability to deform under pressure -ex: material can be flattened into thin sheets by hammering or rolling

malleability

is the sum of kinetic and potential energy in an object that is used to do work -ex: energy in an object due to its motion or position

mechanical energy

temp at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid -this depends on pressure

melting point

what are the 2 types of luster/lustre

metallic and non metallic

why is it easier for water molecules to form hydrogen bonds when freezing

molecules move slowly -the hydrogen bonds arrange themselves into an open hexagonal structure

chemical bond that exists btwn 2 atoms -bond is formed when electrons are equally shared btwn 2 atoms -bond can be formed either btwn 2 identical atoms or btwn 2 diff atoms

non polar covalent bonds

during this , the membranes allow non polar, hydrophobic molecules, and small molecules to cross

osmosis

type of passive transport that involves diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower to higher solute concentration -water moves across the membrane until there are equal concentrations of water and solute on each side -ex: absorption of water through plant roots

osmosis

is the main cause of support in many plants -the osmotic entry of water raises the turbo pressure exerted against the cell wall until it equals the osmotic pressure, creating a steady state

osmotic pressure

any property of matter than can be obscured or measured

physical property of matter

bonds that do not share electrons equally and therefore contains atoms with partial positive and negative charges

polar covalent bonds

the more phosphate bonds present in a molecule, the more __________ it contains

potential energy

what type of energy is stored in atp -this energy can be stored at one location and then moved to another location in the cell where it can be released to drive biochemical reactions

potential energy

what are these the properties of: high polarity hydrogen bonding cohesiveness adhesiveness high specific heat high latent heat high heat of vaporization

properties of water

what are the forms of water

solid (ice) liquid (water) gas (steam)

the amount of heat that one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temp by one degree celsius

specific heat

type of radiant energy, much like the light we see, but with a smaller wave length and higher energy

ultraviolet radiation

-polar molecule, which means that the atoms within each molecule carry partial charges -polarity allows it to dissolve a wide variety of diff substances and makes it a good solvent

water

besides mercury, what liquid has the highest surface tension

water

its ability to dissolve so many solutes that it is called the universal solvent

water

what is a unique property of water

when freezing, water molecules can form hydrogen bonds more easily