Chem 111 5.3 - 5.7

Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy (increasing strength of the ionic bond) based on general trends in lattice energy. Start with the compound that has the lowest lattice energy at the top of the list.

1. CaBr2 2. MgCl2 3.Li2O

Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of decreasing lattice energy (decreasing strength of the ionic bond) based on general periodic trends.

1. MgO 2. Na2O 3.KBr

Which of the following combinations will result in an ionic compound with a balanced number of positive and negative charges? Select all that apply.

2 Li+ and S2- Ca2+ and 2 F- Na+ and Br-

Which of the following statements correctly describe the general characteristics of a covalent bond? Select all that apply.

A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms. The covalent bond involves the attraction between the nucleus of each atom and the electrons of the other.

Which of the following statements correctly defines a molecule?

A molecule is an independent structure consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

Match each molecule in the image shown with the correct description.

A: heteronuclear diatomic heteronuclear diatomic B: homonuclear diatomic homonuclear diatomic C: polyatomic molecule polyatomic molecule

Match each representation of a water molecule with the correct description.

A: molecular formula molecular formula B: structural formula structural formula C: ball-and-stick model ball-and-stick model D: space-filling model space-filling model

Which of the following statements correctly describe ionic bonding?

An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from the metal to the nonmetal.

Select the statements that correctly describe naming an oxoanion.

An oxoanion containing two fewer oxygen atoms than the -ate ion is called the hypo...ite ion. An oxoanion containing one more oxygen atom than the -ate ion will have the prefix per- added.

When the elements Mg and Cl form an ionic bond, Mg loses _____ electron(s) from the 3s orbital to form the Mg2+ cation. Cl gains_____ electron(s) in the 3p orbital to form the Cl- anion. Since the total number of electrons lost always equals the total number of electrons gained, the compound formed will contain ____ Mg2+ ion(s) for every ____Cl- ion(s). Fill in the blanks with the appropriate numbers.

Blank 1: 2 Blank 2: 1 Blank 3: 1 Blank 4: 2

he correct formula for the compound dichlorine pentoxide is Cl O .

Blank 1: 2 Blank 2: 5

A ball-and-stick model of the molecule serine is shown here. The molecular formula for this compound is given by C H N O . Enter ALL digits, including the digit 1 if required. Carbon atoms are black, H atoms are white, O atoms are red, and N atoms are blue.

Blank 1: 3 Blank 2: 7 Blank 3: 1 Blank 4: 3

When naming a molecular compound, the number of of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical prefix. The first element in the name is numbered only when more than atom of that element is present.

Blank 1: atoms Blank 2: one or 1

A molecule is an independent structure composed of two or more atoms chemically together. A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element is called a homonuclear molecule.

Blank 1: bonded, combined, or bound Blank 2: diatomic

Alkanes are organic compounds that contain the elements ___ and ___

Blank 1: carbon or C Blank 2: hydrogen or H

When naming a binary ionic compound, the is always named first and the second. To name the anion, the root of the nonmetal name is added to the suffix -. The anion O2- is therefore named .

Blank 1: cation Blank 2: anion Blank 3: ide Blank 4: oxide

Greek numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element present in a molecular compound. Four atoms of the same element will be named with the prefix , while the prefix is used to indicate two atoms of the same element.

Blank 1: tetra or tetra- Blank 2: di or di-

How is a monatomic main group cation properly named?

By adding the word ion to the name of the element

Which of the following compounds are organic?

C7H16 C2H6O

What is the chemical formula of the molecular compound whose ball-and-stick model is shown?

CHCl3

Match each molecule with the appropriate classification.

Cl2-homonuclear diatomic molecule HBr- heteronuclear diatomic molecule heteronuclear diatomic molecule CH2Cl2- polyatomic molecule polyatomic molecule

Many polyatomic ions are oxoanions, containing a nonmetal bonded to one or more oxygen atoms. If ClO3- has the name chlorate, match each of the other oxoanions in the same family to its correct name.

ClO4-perchlorate ClO2-chlorite ClO-hypochlorite

Which of the following options are correct names for ionic compounds? Select all that apply.

Copper(II) oxide Potassium chloride

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to determine the charge of a monatomic ion using the periodic table? Select all that apply.

Elements that form cations in Groups 1 and 2 form ions with a charge equal to the group number. Zn always forms the Zn2+ ion. The charge of most transition metal cations cannot readily be predicted from the periodic table.

Match each type of chemical formula with the correct definition.

Empirical formula: The simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound Molecular formula: Actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule Structural formula: Shows the relative placement and connections of atoms in a molecule

Give the name of the ion most commonly formed by each of the following elements:

Fluorine forms the fluoride ion. Chlorine forms the chloride ion.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the format used to represent an ionic compound? Select all that apply.

In the formula of an ionic compound the cation is always placed first. Subscripts in the formula for an ionic compound are always reduced to the simplest ratio. The number of atoms/ions in the formula is indicated by a subscript.

Consider the formation of an ionic bond between the elements potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl). Which of the following statements describe this process correctly?

K loses one electron from its 4s orbital to form a K+ cation. The total number of electrons lost equals the total number of electrons gained. Both the K+ and Cl- ions have full outer shells containing 8 electrons.

Which of the following options correctly describe lattice energy? Select all that apply.

Lattice energy provides a measure of the strength of an ionic bond. Lattice energy is the energy required to separate 1 mol of an ionic solid into gaseous ions.

Each element in a given compound comprises a fixed percent by of the compound. This observation is summarized by the law of definite .

Mass Proportions

Match each formula or model used to represent molecules with the correct description.

Molecular formula: element symbols with numerical subscripts to give the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule Structural formula: Shows the relative placement and connections of atoms in a molecule with either pairs of dots for electrons or a line to represent the bonds Ball-and-stick model: Shows the atoms as balls and the bonds as sticks with the angles between the bonds Space-filling model: Shows an accurately scaled image of the molecule with spheres giving the relative size of the atoms, angles, and distance between nuclei

Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are correct? Select all that apply.

Na2S CaO Ca3N2

Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are written correctly?

NaNO3 Mg3(PO4)2 CaCO3

Match each of the following polyatomic ions with its correct name. Instructions

OH-hydroxide NO2-nitrite NO3-nitrate PO43-Phosphate NH4+- ammonium

Match the appropriate representation with the structural, molecular, or empirical formula for butane (C4H10C4H10).

Structural formula: HHHHH‐CCCCHHHHH HH Molecular formula: C4H10 Empirical formula: C2H5

Which of the following statements correctly describe a molecular formula? Select all that apply.

Subscripts in the molecular formula indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the compound. The molecular formula CH4 represents a molecule that contains 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.

Match the name for each polyatomic ion with its correct formula.

Sulfate: SO42- Sulfite: SO32- Permanganate: MnO4- Carbonate: CO32-

Which of the following options correctly describe a polyatomic ion? Select all that apply.

The atoms of a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds. The charge on a polyatomic ion belongs to the whole unit.

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name an ionic compound? Select all that apply.

The cation is named first and the anion second. For a monatomic anion, the element name is changed to end in -ide.

Which of the following factors affect the magnitude of the lattice energy for an ionic compound? Select all that apply.

The charges of the ions The size of the ions

Consider the formula for the ionic compound Na2O. Which of the following statements correctly interpret this formula? Select all that apply.

The compound contains 2 Na+ ions for every O2- ion. The cation in this compound is Na+.

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name a binary molecular compound? Select all that apply.

The second element is named with its root and the suffix -ide. A Greek numerical prefix is used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound. The name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate.

What statements correctly describe the structure of an ionic compound?

The three-dimensional arrangement of cations and anions is called a lattice. An ionic compound consists of a three-dimensional array of cations and anions. The ratio of cations to anions is such that the compound is electrically neutral overall.

Which statement about naming cations of main group metals is correct?

When a metal forms a cation, the word ion is added to the name, without changing the name of the metal.

Oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are two different forms of elemental oxygen that occur naturally. Two or more distinct forms of a given element are known collectively as ______.

allotropes

P2 and P4 are of ____ phosphorous, two distinct forms of the same element.

allotropes

The ionic compound CrCl3 is correctly named _____.

chromium(III) chloride

The compound Cu2O is correctly named ______.

copper(I) oxide

The bond formed between two nonmetals, which are usually very similar in their tendency to lose or gain electrons, is a(n) _____ bond. This bond involves the _____ of one or more electron pairs between the two atoms..

covalent, sharing

The lattice energy of an ionic compound tends to _____ as ionic size increases and tends to _____ as the charge of one or both of the ions increases, although the arrangement of the ions in the solid also plays a role. NaCl will, therefore, have a _____ lattice energy than NaBr but a _____ lattice energy than Na2O.

decrease, increase, greater, lower

Match each Greek numerical prefix with the correct number of atoms/entities it indicates.

di-2 penta-5 hexa-6 mono-1 hepta-7

In a given chemical compound, the component _____ are present in _____ proportions by mass, regardless of the source of the compound.

elements; fixed

The bond typically observed when a metal bonds to a nonmetal is the _____ bond. The metal atom _____ one or more valence electrons while the nonmetal _____ electrons.

ionic; loses; gains

An ionic compound consists of a three-dimensional array of cations and anions called a(n)

lattice or crystal lattice

The amount of energy required to separate 1 mole of ions in a crystalline solid into separate gaseous ions is called _____ energy. This energy provides a measure of the strength of a(n) _____ bond, since the stronger the bond, the _____ the amount of energy required to break it.

lattice; ionic; greater

What is the correct name of the ionic compound Li3N?

lithium nitride

Match each type of ion with the statement that correctly describes how to determine its charge using the periodic table.

main-group cations -The ion charge equals the group number. anions -The ion charge is calculated by subtracting 8 from the last digit of the group number.

The ____ formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element in one molecule of compound.

molecular

The formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element in one molecule of compound.

molecular

Which of the following is the correct name for the molecular compound NO2

nitrogen dioxide

A unit that contains two or more atoms covalently bonded together but that has an overall charge is called a(n) _____ ion. Many _____ compounds contain such units.

polyatomic; ionic

What is the correct systematic name for the compound Na2CO3?

sodium carbonate

The compound MgS is correctly named magnesium .

sulfide