CHEMISTRY UNIT 4

Which would most likely be the pH of a highly-corrosive acid? 1 5 8 11

1

The pOH of a solution is 10.75. What is the concentration of OH- ions in the solution? Use mc013-1.jpg. 3.162 mc013-2.jpg 10-108 M 1.778 mc013-3.jpg 10-11 M 1.075 mc013-4.jpg 102 M 5.623 mc013-5.jpg 1010 M

1.778 mc013-3.jpg 10-11 M

Note the pH and pOH values labeled with letters on the pH scale below. mc023-1.jpg Based on log rules and the way pH is calculated, what is the difference in [OH- ] concentration between point A and point B. 101 105 106 107

106

What is the pH of a solution with [H+] = 1.25 mc015-1.jpg 10-10 M? Use mc015-2.jpg. -10.1 -9.90 7.90 9.90

9.90

How does litmus paper identify a base? A base turns red litmus blue. A base turns blue litmus red. A base turns orange litmus red. A base turns yellow litmus blue.

A base turns red litmus blue.

A substance with a high pOH would likely have which of the following? A low [H+ ] and a high pH A low [OH- ] and a high pH A high [OH- ] and a low pH A high [H+ ] and a low pH

A high [OH- ] and a low pH

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid? A substance that increases H3O+ concentration when it is dissolved in water. A substance that increases OH- concentration when it is dissolved in water. A compound that donates protons. A compound that accepts protons.

A substance that increases H3O+ concentration when it is dissolved in water.

What is the Arrhenius definition of a base? A substance that increases H3O+ concentration when it is dissolved in water. A substance that increases OH- concentration when it is dissolved in water. A compound that donates protons. A compound that accepts protons.

A substance that increases OH- concentration when it is dissolved in water.

Based on the definition of logarithms, what is the difference in hydrogen ion concentration between a substance with a pH of 2 and a substance with a pH of 3? A substance with a pH of 2 has a 10 times higher concentration of H+ than a substance with a pH of 3. A substance with a pH of 3 has a 10 times higher concentration of H+ than a substance with a pH of 2. A substance with a pH of 2 has a 100 times higher concentration of H+ ions than a substance with a pH of 3. A substance with a pH of 3 has a 100 times higher concentration of H+ ions than a substance with a pH of 2.

A substance with a pH of 2 has a 10 times higher concentration of H+ than a substance with a pH of 3.

Which of the following best defines an acid? An acid has a pH of 7. An acid has hydroxide ions. An acid has fewer positive ions in solution. An acid has more hydrogen ions in solution.

An acid has more hydrogen ions in solution.

A substance is dissolved in water and produces hydronium ions. This occurs when hydrogen ions move from the substance to associate with water molecules. Which term best matches the behavior of this substance? Arrhenius base Arrhenius acid Bronsted-Lowry base Bronsted-Lowry acid

Arrhenius acid

Which term describes a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution? Lewis definition of an acid Arrhenius definition of a base Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid

Arrhenius definition of a base

An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H3O+ ions in solution. Look at the reaction below of phenol (C6H5OH) with water: mc023-1.jpg Which reactant acts as an acid by contributing a H+ ion to create H3O+ in the chemical equation? C6H5OH(aq) H2O(l) C6H5O-(aq) H3O+(aq)

C6H5OH(aq)

Look at the reaction below. mc021-1.jpg Which substance is the base in the reaction? 2H2O (l) H2SO4 (aq) CaSO4 (aq) Ca(OH)2 (aq)

Ca(OH)2 (aq)

Consider the reaction below. HF + H2O mc011-1.jpg H3Omc011-2.jpg + Fmc011-3.jpg Which is an acid-conjugate base pair? HF and H3O+ HF and Fmc011-4.jpg H2O and HF H2O and Fmc011-5.jpg

HF and Fmc011-4.jpg

Four different solutions (I, II, III, and IV) are labeled on the pH scale below. mc026-1.jpg Why would solution IV be considered the most concentrated base out of the four substances? It has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions. It has the highest concentration of hydronium ions. It has the highest concentration of oxide ions. It has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions.

It has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions.

Which statement describes the Arrhenius interpretation of acids and bases? It has a wider range of applications than the Bronsted-Lowry interpretation. It has a wider range of applications than the Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry interpretations. It is used in situations that involve bases that do not produce hydroxide ions. It is limited to situations that involve aqueous solutions or specific compounds.

It is limited to situations that involve aqueous solutions or specific compounds.

Which statement best describes a Bronsted-Lowry base? It must accept protons to form a conjugate base. It must accept protons to form a conjugate acid. It must donate protons to form a conjugate base. It must donate protons to form a conjugate acid.

It must accept protons to form a conjugate acid.

Which characteristic best identifies an Arrhenius base? It must donate electrons to form a covalent bond. It must accept protons from an acid. It must generate hydroxide ions in water. It must form a conjugate acid after reacting.

It must generate hydroxide ions in water.

Which is a characteristic of a strong base? It turns pink phenolphthalein colorless. It turns blue litmus paper red. It releases H+ ions into a solution. It removes H+ ions from solution.

It removes H+ ions from solution.

A compound accepts electrons from another substance to form a covalent bond. Which term best describes this compound's behavior? Lewis acid Arrhenius base Bronsted-Lowry acid Bronsted-Lowry base

Lewis acid

Consider the reaction below. HClO3 + NH3 mc012-1.jpg NH4+ + ClO3- Which is a base-conjugate acid pair? NH3 and ClO3- NH3 and NH4+ HClO3 and NH3 HClO3 and NH4+

NH3 and NH4+

Which reaction displays an example of an Arrhenius base? NaOH(s) mc005-1.jpg Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) HCl(g) + H2O(l) mc005-2.jpg H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) mc005-3.jpg H3O+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq) NH3(aq) + HC2H3O2(aq) mc005-4.jpg NH4+(aq) + C2H3O2-(aq)

NaOH(s) mc005-1.jpg Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Which statement about the self-ionization of water is correct? Two water molecules interact to form a water molecule and a hydroxide ion. Two water molecules interact to form a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion. Two water molecules interact to form two hydronium ions. Two water molecules interact to form two hydroxide ions.

Two water molecules interact to form a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion.

Which of these substances contributes to soap's slippery texture? an acid a base carbonate water

a base

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base? a compound that donates protons a compound that accepts protons a substance that increases hydroxide ion concentration a substance that increases hydronium ion concentration

a compound that accepts protons

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid? a compound that donates protons a compound that accepts protons a substance that increases hydroxide ion concentration a substance that increases hydronium ion concentration

a compound that donates protons

A substance with a high [H+ ] would likely have which additional characteristics? a high [OH- ] and a high pOH a low [OH- ] and a high pOH a high [OH- ] and a low pOH a low [OH- ] and a low pOH

a low [OH- ] and a low pOH

A solution containing HCl would likely have a high pH and a low pOH. a low pH and a high pOH. a high pH and a high pOH. a low pH and a low pOH.

a low pH and a high pOH.

The main active components of bleach and many other household cleaners are salts. neutral. acids. bases.

bases.

H2CO3 is used in soft drinks. What is the name of this compound? sulfuric acid carbonic acid tartaric acid hydrochloric acid

carbonic acid

Which compound plays an important role in leather processing and electroplating? nitric acid hydrochloric acid ammonia magnesium hydroxide

hydrochloric acid

When does phenolphthalein turn pink? in the presence of a base in the presence of an acid when it is in a neutral solution when it is reacting with a metal

in the presence of a base

The pH of a solution decreases by 2.0. How does the hydronium ion concentration of the solution change? increases to 2 times the original concentration increases to 100 times the original concentration decreases to mc009-1.jpg of the original concentration decreases to mc009-2.jpg of the original concentration

increases to 100 times the original concentration

An unknown substance turns methyl orange solution red. This shows that the substance is a base. is water. is an acid. is an alkaloid.

is an acid.

Which of these equations correctly expresses the self-ionization of water? mc002-1.jpg mc002-2.jpg mc002-3.jpg mc002-4.jpg

mc002-4.jpg

The pH of lemon juice at 298 K is found to be 2.32. What is the concentration of mc014-1.jpg ions in the solution? Use mc014-2.jpg. mc014-3.jpg mc014-4.jpg mc014-5.jpg mc014-6.jpg

mc014-4.jpg

Several substances are labeled on the pH scale below. mc025-1.jpg Which substance has the lowest [H+] concentration but is still considered an acid? milk blood gastric fluid household lye

milk

Which pair of substances would most likely result in the production of a solid when reacting with a base? litmus and phenolphthalein soluble metal salt and carbon dioxide acids and water hydrogen ions and soaps

soluble metal salt and carbon dioxide

A chemist lectures about the following definition for acids and bases. The acid-base behavior is analyzed in terms of how electrons are transferred between compounds rather than in terms of how hydrogen ions are transferred. What is the chemist defining? the Arrhenius concept of acids and bases the classical concept of acids and bases the Lewis concept of acids and bases the Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases

the Lewis concept of acids and bases

The reaction below demonstrates which characteristic of a base? mc026-1.jpg the ability of bases to release sodium ions into solution the ability of bases to release hydrogen ions into solution the ability of a base to react with carbonate or bicarbonate the ability of a base to react with a soluble metal salt

the ability of a base to react with a soluble metal salt

Why is citric acid added to food? to add color to add tartness to add bitterness to add sweetness

to add tartness