CIS Module 9 Terms

True

T/F - A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

driver (device driver)

a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

Dock

contains icons used to run apps, display minimized windows, and access documents

user interface (UI)

controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

Windows (Mobile Edition)

developed by Microsoft, is a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on some smartphones

taskbar

displays app buttons for apps that are running

partitioning

divides a hard drive in separate logical storage areas that appear as distinct drives

automatic update

feature that regularly provides new features or corrections to the program

tiles

graphical objects that represent dynamic links to apps

mobile device management (MDM)

remotely controls smart phones and tablets, ensuring data security

thrashing

A condition of excessive paging in which the operating system becomes sluggish.

server operating system

A multiuser operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network.

Linux

A popular, multitasking UNIX-based operating system that runs on a variety of personal computers, servers, and devices.

device-dependent

A program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of computer or mobile device.

iOS (iPhone OS)

A proprietary mobile operating system specifically made for Apple's mobile devices

cross-platform application

An application that runs the same on multiple operating systems.

bug

An error in a program.

swap file

Area of the hard disk used for virtual memory

service pack

Free downloadable software updates provided by the software manufacturer to users who have registered and/or activated their software.

touch user interface

Graphical user interface designed for touch input

Fire OS

Linux-based operating system for Amazon Kindle tablets and Amazon Fire phones.

Macintosh operating system

Operating system for Apple's Macintosh computer.

real-time operating system (RTOS)

Operating system used by an embedded computer.

multipurpose operating systems

Operating systems that can function as both desktop and server operating systems.

device-independent

Operating systems that run on computers and mobile devices provided by a variety of manufacturers.

password

Private combination of characters associated with a user name that allows access to certain computer resources.

cold boot

Process of turning on a computer that has been powered off completely

memory resident

Remains in memory while the computer or mobile device is running

boot disk

Removable media, such as a CD or USB flash drive, that contains only the necessary operating system files required to start the computer.

buffer

Segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device.

False

T/F - An operating system must reside inside a computer or mobile device; that is, it cannot run from a USB flash drive or other external drives

False

T/F - An upward compatible application means it can recognize and work with applications written for an earlier version of the operating system

True

T/F - Each device connected to a computer requires its own specific driver

True

T/F - Hackers often look for ways to break into a computer or device using flaws in the operating system

False

T/F - Linux is proprietary software

True

T/F - Many of the first operating systems were device dependent and proprietary

True

T/F - Most operating systems today are multitasking

False

T/F - Most users today work with a command-line interface

True

T/F - Operating systems that function as both desktop and server operating systems sometimes are called multipurpose operating systems

True

T/F - The area of the hard drive used for virtual memory is called a swap file

False

T/F - The kernel is nonresident, which means it remains in memory while the computer or mobile device is running

mobile operating system

The operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics.

platform

The operating system running on a computer is often called its ____ and is typically tied to a particular CPU. a. support c. intermediary b. platform d. driver

warm boot

The process of restarting the system while it's powered on.

sign in

To access resources on a network or computer.

user name

Unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user.

natural user interface (NUI)

Users interact with the software through ordinary, intuitive behavior

Firefox OS

a Linux-based open source operating system that runs on smartphones and tablets developed by Mozilla

Chrome OS

a Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps

desktop operating system (stand-alone operating system)

a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

UNIX

a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laboratories

virtual memory

a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM

performance monitor

a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices

bloatware

a program that uses an excessive amount of disk space

Operating System (OS)

a set of programs that coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware

Raspbian

a version of Linux built for Raspberry Pi

foreground

active program that is being used

virtual machine

an environment on a computer in which you can install and run an operating system and programs

Raspberry Pi

an inexpensive single-board computer designed primarily for use in schools and developing nations

Android

an open source, Linux-based mobile operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets

backward compatible

can recognize and work with apps written for an earlier version of the operating system

firmware

consists of ROM chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions

ribbon

consists of tabs, groups, and commands that provide access to tasks

print spooler

intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and places them in the queue.

upward compatible

it may or may not run on new versions of the operating system

open source software

its code is provided for use, modification, and redistribution

queue

line

power management

monitors a laptop or mobile device's battery usage

macOS

multitasking operating system available for computers manufactured by Apple

status bar

presents information about the document, the progress of current tasks, and the status of certain commands; located at the bottom of the document window

proprietary software

privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model

disk defragmenter

reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer's hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster

disk cleanup

searches for and removes unnecessary files

spooling

sends documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer

kernel

the core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources, such as devices, programs, apps, data, and information

boot drive

the drive from which your personal computer starts, which typically is an internal hard drive, such as a hard disk or SSD

network administrator

the person overseeing network operations, uses the server operating system to add and remove users, computers, and other devices to and from the network

virtualization

the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources, such as servers and storage devices

booting

the process of starting or restarting a computer

recovery media

when a disk is required to restart a computer or device that will not start from its boot drive