Clinical Anatomy

how long should a patient be immobilized in an orthotic following microvascular reconstruction

1-2 weeks

clinical signs of SL injury

pain to palpation over the SL interval and characteristic "clunk" produced with movements from ulnar to radial deviation

symptoms of compartment syndrome

pain, paresthesia, paralysis, and pulselessness

what artery passes through the anatomic snuffbox

radial artery

cozen's test

resisted wrist extension with elbow if flexion and then extension

what structures form the anatomical snuffbox

scaphoid at the base, the APL and EPB form the radial border, and the EPL forms the ulnar border

what carpal bones does the transverse carpal ligament attach to

scaphoid, trapezium, pisiform, and hook of the hamate

Grayson's and Cleland's ligaments

stabilizes the digital skin preventing rotary movements of the skin around the fingers; Grayson's ligament may contribute to a PIP joint flexion contracture in Dupuytren's disease

vascular structure of the hand

superficial palmar arch, deep palmar arch, and common palmar arteries

what two muscles create the medial and lateral border of the cubial fossa

the pronator teres forms the medial border; the brachioradialis forms the lateral border

Martin-Gruber anastomosis

a communicating nerve branch between the median nerve and the ulnar nerve in the forearm. It is the most common anastomotic anomaly that occurs between these two nerves.

strongest intrinsic muscle

adductor pollicis

Quadrigia phenomenon

an active flexion lag in digits adjacent to a digit with injured or repaired FDP tendon

Linberg's sign

an anatomic interconnection between the FPL and index finger FDP

name the structures contained in the carpal tunnel

4 FDP tendons, 4 FDS tendons, median nerve, FPL

critical pulleys required to maintain relatively normal flexor tendon gliding

A2 and A4; remember odd annular pulley numbers correlate with finger joints MPJ-A1 PIPJ- A3 DIPJ-A5

Kienbock's disease

Avascular necrosis of lunate; in late stages is typically treated with proximal row carpectomy to address the collapse of the lunate and progressing SLAC wrist deformity

most common muscle affected in lateral epicondylitis

ECRB

which muscle is the most efficient extensor of the wrist

ECRB

greatest capacity for sustained work (wrist extension)

ERCL

passive structures that provide stability to the glenohumeral joint during shoulder motion

labrum, joint capsule; and the superior and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

sites of proximal compression of the median nerve

ligament of struthers, bicipetal aponeurosis, and the arch of the flexor digitorum superficialis

what is the only muscle that arises from and inserts into tendon

lumbricals