CNA Chapter 5: Diversity and Human Needs and Development
What are the 5 stages to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in order of which need to be met first to last?
1)physical needs need to be met first (oxygen, food, water, elimination, rest) 2)safety and security needs (shelter, protection, and stability) 3)need for love (feeling loved/accepted/belonging) 4)need for self-esteem (achievement, belief in one's own worth/value) 5)need for self-actualization (need to learn, create, realize one's own potential)
The Dalai Lama is considered the highest spiritual leader in which religion?
Buddhism
The Tipitaka or Pali Canon is the standard scripture collection of what religion?
Buddhism
Which religion believes in Nirvana which is a state of peace and happiness and freedom from worry/pain; it is the highest spiritual plane a person can reach
Buddhism
Which religion believes in reincarnation and that people must travel through birth, life, and death after which Nirvana can be reached
Buddhism
Which religion believes that morality, meditation, and wisdom are the path to enlightenment
Buddhism
a religion that follows the teachings of Buddha
Buddhism
a religion that follows the teachings of Jesus Christ
Christianity
True/False: Elderly people no longer have sexual needs/desires
False!
True/False: A NA does not need to comply to instructions to read a religious text for a resident if they do not believe in the text
False! Respect all backgrounds and read religious materials out loud when asked to do so
This is a genetic disorder causing inherited intellectual disability. It is caused by a problem with a gene needed for brain development.
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)
Holy men in this religion are called Sadhus
Hinduism
In which religion do people move through birth, life, death, and rebirth
Hinduism
In which religion does karma determine how a person moves towards enlightenment
Hinduism
The Vedas are the primary text of this religion
Hinduism
Which religion's followers believe in the unity of everything called Brahman
Hinduism
a religion that believes in the unity of everything and that all are a part of God
Hinduism
Which religion's four purposes of life include: acting morally and ethically (Dharma), pursuing prosperity (Artha), enjoying life (Kama), and accomplishing enlightenment (Moksha)
Hindusim
a religion that follows the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Five Pillars
Islam
a religion that follows the teachings of God as given to Moses in laws and commandments
Judaism
What is LGBT an acronym for?
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender
True/False: A NA should be available for residents' family members or friends along with the resident.
True
True/False: An NA should inform the nurse if they feel as if they need an interpreter to make sure their meaning is clear
True
True/False: Some people with Fragile X Syndrome show no signs while others may experience significant cognitive, social, emotional, speech, and language problems
True
True/False: Some people with cerebral palsy (CP) also have other disorders such as hearing or visual impairment or a seizure disorder
True
If a nursing assistant sees a resident being sexually abused, she should a. Remove the resident from the situation immediately and report it to the nurse b. Pretend not to see it to avoid embarrassing the resident c. Tell the resident's family d. Confront the abuser herself
a. Remove the resident from the situation immediately and report it to the nurse
If a resident's religious beliefs are different from a nursing assistant's beliefs, the nursing assistant should a. Respect the resident's beliefs b. Try to change the resident's beliefs c. Ignore the resident's dietary restrictions d. Refuse to care for the resident
a. Respect the resident's beliefs
What is transcultural nursing? a. The study of various cultures with the goal of providing care specific to each b. Nursing that involves traveling to different countries c. Providing care to residents who are transgender d. Nursing that involves a team approach to care
a. The study of various cultures with the goal of providing care specific to each
Holistic care focuses on a. The whole person, including physical, mental, and social well-being b. The person's disease and disabilities c. How sick a person is d. The absence of disease and illness
a. The whole person, including physical, mental, and social well-being
Which of the following is true of most elderly people? a. They are active and have many interests. b. They do not manage money well. c. They are usually grouchy. d. They do not like to leave home.
a. They are active and have many interests.
Which of the following examples demonstrates a holistic approach to care? a. While Claire is giving Ms. Potter a bath, she asks her how her day has been and listens carefully. b. Jim rushes his residents through their meals without talking with them so that they can get their dinner faster. c. Jessica is very religious and likes to share her religious views with her residents. d. Thad often spends so much time chatting with his residents that he does not finish all of his work.
a. While Claire is giving Ms. Potter a bath, she asks her how her day has been and listens carefully.
during this stage genders become sexually mature; boys tend to reach puberty during this stage; becomes more independent; must make important decisions, moral values learned in previous stages play a part in decision making; may become stubborn/difficult for parents to handle; mood swings; concerned with acceptance from others
adolescence (ages 13 to 19)
stereotyping of, prejudice toward, and/or discrimination against the elderly
ageism
What ages define a toddler?
ages 1 to 3
what ages define preadolescence
ages 10 to 13
what ages define adolescence
ages 13 to 19
what ages define young adulthood
ages 19 to 40
What ages define preschool
ages 3 to 6
What ages define middle adulthood
ages 40 to 65
What ages define school-age
ages 6 to 10
What ages define late adulthood
ages 65 and older
a person who believes that he does not know or cannot know if God exists
agnostic
a person who does not experience sexual attraction toward any gender
asexual
What are the 4 types of cerebral palsy?
ataxic, athetoid, spastic, and mixed
a person who believes that there is no God
atheist
This is a developmental disability that causes problems with social skills and communication; people with this disorder exhibit repetitive behavior (i.e. putting things in a certain order); they may also commonly have overly focused interests (i.e. learning everything about trains); changes in routine/surroundings may cause children with this disorder to become extremely upset
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Which of the following is true of developmental disabilities? a. Developmental disabilities are temporary. b. Developmental disabilities restrict physical and/or mental ability. c. Developmental disabilities are a form of mental illness. d. People with developmental disabilities can never live or work independently.
b. Developmental disabilities restrict physical and/or mental ability.
What is the difference between health and wellness? a. Health is the absence of disease; wellness is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being. b. Health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being; wellness has to do with balancing one's life. c. Health is merely the absence of disease; wellness looks at the whole person. d. Health and wellness are the same thing.
b. Health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being; wellness has to dowith balancing one's life.
If a nursing assistant encounters a resident in a sexual situation, she should a. Call the resident's clergyperson to discuss it b. Provide privacy and leave the room c. Discuss it with the resident's roommate to get his opinion d. Ask the resident to stop what she is doing
b. Provide privacy and leave the room
If a nursing assistant encourages a resident to play cards with friends, what kind of wellness is she promoting? a. Physical wellness b. Social wellness c. Emotional wellness d. Intellectual wellness
b. Social wellness
How can a nursing assistant help a resident who has a developmental disability? a. If the resident cannot speak, the nursing assistant should not speak to him. b. The nursing assistant can break tasks into smaller steps. c. If an adult resident acts like a child, the nursing assistant should treat him like a child. d. The nursing assistant should do everything for the resident.
b. The nursing assistant can break tasks into smaller steps.
What age defines infancy?
birth to 12 months
a person whose physical, emotional, and/or romantic attraction is for people of the same gender and different gender
bisexual
Which of these is not a guideline for NAs to follow when caring for a resident with a developmental disability: a)teach resident ADLs by dividing task into small steps b)repeat words so they understand c)keep quiet if resident cannot speak d)encourage social interaction e)praise and encourage positive behavior f)all of the above are guidelines
c)keep quiet if resident cannot speak talk to residents even if they cannot speak; use alternative methods of communication when directed
Jenna knows that Mr. Warren, one of her residents, is very excited about an upcoming visit from his daughter. She takes a little extra time to help him get ready and tells him how good he looks. Which kind of need is Jenna helping her resident to meet? a. Physical need b. Safety and security need c. Need for self-esteem d. Need for self-actualization
c. Need for self-esteem
Ageism is a. The natural process of aging b. Disabilities that occur with aging c. Prejudice toward or discrimination against the elderly d. The loss of memory associated with aging
c. Prejudice toward or discrimination against the elderly
_________is the period of human development in which a person develops secondary sex characteristics. a. Preschool b. Middle adulthood c. Puberty d. Late adulthood
c. Puberty
Which of the following statements is true of spiritual needs? a. Residents will believe in God. b. Residents will be Christians. c. Residents will have different spiritual needs and beliefs. d. Residents will not believe in God or a higher power.
c. Residents will have different spiritual needs and beliefs.
Which of the following is a physical need? a. The need to be accepted b. The need for self-esteem c. The need to be free from pain d. The need for independence
c. The need to be free from pain
When should staff members become involved in family matters? a. When family members visit too often b. When staff disapprove of the family members' lifestyle c. When there is concern about the resident's safety around family members d. When visits disrupt the facility's routine
c. When there is concern about the resident's safety around family members
a person who abstains from sexual activity
celibate
During this disorder, the part of the brain that controls muscle tone is damaged; people with this disorder may lack control of their head and have trouble using their arms and hands; they can have poor balance/posture; they may be stiff/limp; may cause problems with speech and may affect intelligence
cerebral palsy (CP)
developmental disability that affects movement and balance; it can also cause intellectual disabilities; a person with this disability likely suffered brain damage while in the uterus or during birth; this damage can be caused by birth trauma, infection, or head injury
cerebral palsy (CP)
This type of development focuses on how children think/learn.
cognitive development
typically refers to a heterosexual man who sometimes wears clothing and other items associated with women; is not associated with men who permanently wish to change their sex
cross dresser (formerly transvestite)
an ongoing process of learning about other cultures and applying that knowledge to help provide better health care
cultural competence
the variety of people living and working together in the world
cultural diversity
Which of the following is an example of appropriate behavior by a nursing assistant with a resident's family? a. Giving them medical advice b. Telling them everything will be fine if they seem worried c. Telling the family all about the resident's condition d. Listening to the family's concerns and fears and responding with a meaningful message
d. Listening to the family's concerns and fears and responding with a meaningful message
Psychosocial needs include the following a. Bathing b. Activity c. Sleep and rest d. Love and affection
d. Love and affection
Cultural diversity has to do with a. Seeing all people from a certain culture as being the same b. Preferring people of one culture over those of other cultures c. Making assumptions about a person based on stereotypes about their culture d. The wide variety of people throughout the world
d. The wide variety of people throughout the world
a chronic condition that restricts physical/mental abilities
developmental disability
this type of wellness covers managing stress and expressing feelings
emotional wellness
When a resident's family visits an NA should do all that they can to help the resident prepare which may include all of the following except: a)getting residents dressed b)applying makeup c)find a private place for visit if needed d)pay attention to family/friends needs during visit e)report questions from the family promptly to the nurse f)the NA is relieved of their duties during the time of visit to give the resident and family space/time alone
f)the NA is relieved of their duties during the time of visit to give the resident and family space/time alone rather, the NA should promptly answer to resident's requests even during family/friend visits to assure them that the resident is being well-taken care of
Which of these do not affect growth and development of a person: a)parents' involvement b)child's surroundings c)nutrition d)exercise e)medical care f)overall lifestyle g)all of the above are factors
g)all of the above are factors
Physical development during infancy moves from __________ down
head infants gain control over their neck muscles before gaining control over their shoulder muscles
State of physical, mental, and social well-being
health
a person whose physical, emotional, and/or romantic attraction is for people of the opposite sex
heterosexual or straight
this type of care involves considering the whole person, which includes their physical and psychosocial needs
holistic health care
a person whose physical, emotional, and/or romantic attraction is for people of the same sex
homosexual or gay
Which stage of development do children learn to grasp, lift their heads, and crawl
infancy (birth to 12 months)
most common developmental disability; is neither a disease nor a mental illness; people with this disability develop at a below-average rate and have below-average mental functioning; they experience difficulty with social skills (interpersonal communication, making friends, and empathizing with others), have problems with conceptual skills (reading, writing, reasoning, and memory), the ability to develop practical skills such as performing ADLs is affected
intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation)
this type of wellness deals with growing and learning throughout the lifespan
intellectual wellness
This is a belief of Hinduism; it is the result of actions in past lives, and actions in this life that can determine one's destiny in future lives
karma
This type of development focuses on gaining language skills
language development
Many people in this stage of life see many changes ; they may retire from jobs, medical care may be needed, may have to cope with the loss of a loved one or illness of a loved one; staying connected to others is vital to staying healthy and mentally alert; people in this stage must stay as active and involved as possible
late adulthood (65 years and older)
a woman whose physical, emotional, and/or romantic attraction is for other women
lesbian
When a resident wants to discuss problems/needs with a NA, how should the NA respond?
listen closely to what they say without interrupting and respond with a meaningful message; answer questions within scope of practice when asked
During this stage, people usually become more comfortable and stable than previous stages; people may find that they have more money and time for themselves; some may find themselves in a mid-life crisis
middle adulthood (ages 40 to 65)
what are the 4 different degrees of intellectual disability
mild, moderate, severe, and profound
This type of development deals with forming a sense of right and wrong
moral development
the accepted traditional customs of a particular social group
mores
This type of development is gaining ability to do things like grasp things, use scissors, and draw
motor development
something necessary or required
need
which need do NAs fulfill by welcoming new residents, making them feel listened to/cared for, encouraging them to interact with other residents/staff
need for love, acceptance, belonging
which need do NAs fulfill by encouraging residents to be as independent as possible, and praising successes
need for self-esteem
This type of development deals with changes that happen to the body during growth
physical development
Which need do NAs fulfill by encouraging residents to eat and drink, providing a quiet place for them to rest, and helping with toileting
physical needs
the need for food, water, protection, shelter, activity, sleep, rest, comfort, and freedom from pain are examples of what type of need?
physical needs
this type of wellness has to do with being able to complete everyday tasks
physical wellness
According to Abraham Maslow, ______________ needs must be met before _______________ needs can be met.
physical; psychosocial
during this stage, children begin to view life more realistically; they use reason to analyze situations and may begin to question authority; become more independent; social relationships become very important; growth spurts and hormonal changes occur; become more self-conscious; girls reach puberty in later years of this stage
preadolescence (ages 10 to 13)
This stage of development marks when children become more independent and have social relationships; they play better with other children, and they can play in groups; their language ability improves; become more physically coordinated; sense of imagination develops
preschool (ages 3 to 6)
needs that involve social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality
psychosocial needs
the need for love and affection, acceptance by others, self-reliance and independence in daily living, contact with others, success and self-esteem are examples of what type of need
psychosocial needs
the period during which a person develops secondary sex characteristics
puberty
A family member wants to know about a resident's diagnosis, treatments, and therapies. What can the NA do?
refer them to the nurse
a set of beliefs concerning the cause and nature of the universe that often includes a moral code and usually involves specific rituals and practices
religion
which need do NAs fulfill by being compassionate/empathetic, listening to residents when they need to talk, reassuring residents that they are receiving quality care
safety and security needs
This stage in children's development centers on cognitive and social development; entering school is a big adjustment; children learn to get along with each other; they begin to develop a conscience, morals, self-esteem; boys develop more muscle but girls are normally larger than boys
school-age
This type of development has to do with the reproductive changes that occur when people reach puberty
sexual development
What is the best way an NA can be of comfort/compassion to residents' family/friends?
sitting quietly and listening
This type of development is the process of learning to relate to other people
social
this type of wellness has to do with relating to other people
social wellness
most people with cerebral palsy (CP) have what type?
spastic which means that they may move awkwardly and have stiff muscles
this type of wellness includes religious beliefs, ethics, values, and mores
spiritual wellness
Many American Indian (Native American) tribes follow _____________________ traditions. Their belief systems often include the idea that everything - people, animals, oceans, trees, and other things have spirit
spirituality
of or relating to the concerns of the spirit, the sacred, or the soul
spirituality
a biased generalization about a group that is usually based on opinions and distorted ideas
stereotype
A family member wants to know about when a resident is bathed, or when meals are offered. What can the NA do?
the NA can answer these types of questions about the resident's care
During this stage of development, speech improves, children grow fast, most can move about quickly, run, and jump, gain coordination of limbs, learn to control bladders/bowels, start to learn the difference between right/wrong
toddler (ages 1 to 3)
This is an important tool for communication; it helps babies grow and thrive
touch
the study of various cultures with the goal of providing care specific to each culture
transcultural nursing
A person whose gender identity conflicts with his/her birth sex (sex assigned at birth due to anatomy); this identity is not dependent on someone having undergone medical measures like hormones or surgery
transgender
the process of changing genders, which can include legal procedures, such as changing one's name and/or sex on documents, and medical measures, such as hormone therapy and surgery; it can also include telling others and using new pronouns
transition
Infants tend to ____________ birth weight in the first year of life
triple
True/False: Many children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have some degree of intellectual disability and may also have sensory, sleep, and nutritional problems, and seizures among other issues
true
True/False: NAs may ask residents and their families and friends about special traditions
true
Around what age do infants normally able to pick up objects
usually between 4-8 months of age
successfully balancing things that happen in everyday life; includes five different types: physical, social, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual
wellness
during this stage physical growth has usually been completed by this time, but boys may continue to grow until 25; psychological and social development continues; people make decisions about whether to continue their education or join the workforce; may meet life partners; marriage; some people have children during this stage
young adulthood (ages 19 to 40)