CPR Certification Exam!
What are 3 of the 4 things a person who is choking cannot do?
Cough Speak Cry/Breathe
List 4 factors that increase the likelihood of a drowning incident occurring:
The use of alcohol and recreational drugs which may lead to individuals making bad decisions and doing things they otherwise would not do Young children left alone or unsupervised around water (tubs, pools, lakes) Condition or a disability, such as heart disease, seizure disorder or neuromuscular disorder, which may cause sudden weakness or unresponsiveness while in the water Traumatic injury such as diving into a shallow body of water
List 4 signs and symptoms of respiratory distress
They feel like they cannot get enough air and may gasp for breath Their skin may be moist or cool and is the color pale, ashen gray, bluish or flushed Speaking in complete sentences may be difficult because the person is struggling to breathe Wheezing and gurgling when breathing
How many Americans drown each year? Children younger than years old have the highest rate of drowning
4,000 5 years old
What is a "Pathogen"?
A pathogen is a bacteria or a virus.
Explain why or how a person could die as a result of severe bleeding:
A person could die as a result of severe bleeding because tissues ( organs) will die from lack of oxygen.
Without oxygen, due to a cardiac arrest, brain damage can begin in about how many minutes?
Brain damage can begin in about 4 to 6 minutes and after 8 to 10 minutes the brain damage can become irreversible.
Give 4 examples of "Correct Entry Sites"?
Correct entry sites are the eyes, mouth, mucous membranes, or skin broken by cuts, abrasions etc.
How is the initial care that you provide for a "critical burn" different than for a non-critical burn?
Critical burns require immediate medical attention, one should call 911.
A woman burned her hand in the lunchroom. You should: a. Cool the burn with large amounts of fresh running water b. Cover the burn loosely with a dry, sterile dressing c. Remove her from the source of the burn d. All of the above
D. All of the above
If an open wound continues to bleed heavily after applying direct pressure: a. Consider the use of a tourniquet or hemostatic dressing if pressure fails to control the bleeding b. Do not remove the original blood-soaked dressing c. Ensure that 911 has been called d. All of the above
D. All of the above
What care, in addition to keeping the area clean, would you give for a wound once it appears to be infected? a. Keep the wound covered but once covered, do not remove the original covering. b. Flush the area with water. c. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol. d. Apply an antibiotic ointment.
D. Apply an antibiotic ointment
What is a common sign of sudden illness? a. Changes in level of consciousness b. Pale, cool and moist skin c. Loss of vision or blurred vision d. All of the above
D. all of the above
The primary muscle used in breathing is called the?
Diaphragm
Diarrhea and vomiting can lead to what in children?
Diarrhea and vomiting can lead to dehydration and shock in children.
What does "Disease Transmission" mean?
Disease Transmission is the passage of disease from one person to another while you are helping someone that is ill or has been injured.
Why should elbow injuries be treated as serious injuries?
Elbow injuries should be treated as serious injuries because injuries to the elbow can cause permanent disability because all of the nerves and blood vessels to the forearm and hand go through the elbow
What is the structure that protects the opening of the windpipe?
Epiglottis
Labor, also called the birth process, usually takes how long for first time mothers?
For the first time mothers labor usually takes between 12 and 24 hours
What defines heavy drinking and binge drinking, in both women and men?
For women heavy drinking and binge drinking is drinking more than 1 drink per day on average, or 4 or more drinks on a single occasion. For men heavy drinking and binge drinking is drinking more than 2 drinks per day on average or 5 or more drinks on a single occasion.
Match the following body systems with the appropriate organ/function (a, b, c, d or e) Genitourinary = Circulatory = Musculoskeletal = Digestive = Integumentary = a. Small Intestine b. Sweat glands, produces Vitamin D c. Arteries, Veins and Capillaries d. Major muscles such as the Gluteus Maximus e. Bladder
Genitourinary = E, bladder Circulatory = C, arteries, veins and capillaries Musculoskeletal = D, major muscles such as the Gluteus Maximus Digestive = A, Small Intestine Integumentary = B, Sweat Glands, produces Vitamin D
You are providing first aid care to a child who has fallen off her bike and cut her leg badly. In an effort to help, an untrained bystander picks up the blood-soaked gauze you used to help control bleeding. He is not wearing gloves. His action is an example of disease exposure through what type of contact?
His action is an example of disease exposure through Indirect Contact Transmission.
Imagine yourself approaching an automobile accident to provide help, but as you approach, you begin to feel faint and nauseated and you are not sure that you can proceed any farther. What do you think that you can do to still provide help?
I think that even though one feels faint and may not be able to proceed farther; they can still call 911 or the designated emergency number and get more advanced care.
How many federal disasters were declared in the United States in 2016?
In 2016 about 103 federal disasters were declared in the United States.
If not helped, a swimmer in distress may lose the ability to float and may start to drown. Describe how a "drowning victim-active" will behave in the water, according to your textbook
In the water a drowning victim-active could be at the surface of the water or sinking. They could be positioned vertically in the water and leaning back slightly. They may not have a supporting kick or the ability to move forward. Their arms could be at the side pressing down in an instinctive attempt to keep their head above water to breathe. All of their energy is contributing to their struggle to breathe, and the person may not be able to call out for help.
Define "Indirect Contact Transmission" and give an example of how it might occur?
Indirect Contact Transmission is the transmission of pathogens that happens when a person touches objects that have blood or OPIM of an infected person and it enters the body through an entry site.
Define what an INJURY is and SUDDEN ILLNESS
Injury: damage to one's body from an external force (blow, fall, etc.) Sudden Illness: a physical condition that arises and needs immediate medical attention (heart attack, allergic reaction, seizure, etc.)
Delivering an electrical shock with an AED disrupts the abnormal rhythms (V-fib or V-tac) long enough to allow what to happen?
It disrupts the abnormal rhythms long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own.
How should you care for a minor closed wound, such as a bruise?
Most of the time minor closed wounds do not require special medical care but applying cold can be effective in helping control both pain and swelling.
The most abused stimulants in America are legal. List two of these:
Nicotine and over-the-counter (OTC) medications like sleeping pills and diet pills are the most abused stimulants in America that are legal
Give the definition from your textbook of "Personal Protective Equipment" as well as two examples of this type of equipment.
Personal Protective Equipment is equipment that one uses to prevent pathogens from contaminating your skin, mucous membranes, or clothing. Two examples are disposable latex-free gloves and Face Masks.
What is the difference between respiratory distress and respiratory arrest?
Respiratory Distress is a condition in which a person is having trouble breathing or requires extra effort to breathe. Respiratory Arrest is a condition in which breathing has stopped but the heart is still beating
What two body systems work together to provide oxygen to the body cells?
Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
Respiratory distress can lead to what more significant problem?
Respiratory distress can lead to respiratory arrest
Use the SAMPLE mnemonic to remember what to ask a responsive person. List what each letter of SAMPLE stands for
S- Signs and symptoms A- Allergies M- Medications P- Pertinent medical history L- Last food or drink E- Events leading up to the incident
A person who is having trouble breathing may breathe more easily in a __ position.
Sitting
What two items must be maintained and replaced periodically on an AED?
The battery and the AED Pads (supplies) must be maintained and replaced periodically.
If you are alone with an adult victim (a person 12 or older) who is found unconscious, should you leave the victim to call 911 (Call First) or stay and provide care until you are too exhausted to continue (Care First)?
The best thing to do in this situation is to CALL First because the victim is a person who is 12 years or older that is unresponsive, in this case unconscious.
What is the body structure that is a small flap of tissue that covers the trachea when you swallow to keep food and liquids out of the lungs?
The epiglottis does this in order to keep food and liquids out of the lungs.
After checking the scene and calling 911, what is the first step in your care for serious head, neck or spinal injuries?
The first step in your care for serious, head and neck or spinal injuries is to minimize movement of the head, neck or spine by asking the person to remain still.
What is the telephone number of poison control centers, also called the national Poison Help line?
The telephone number of poison control centers, also called the National Poison Help Line is 1-800-222-1222
How does your textbook recommend caring for concussions?
The textbook reccomends that when caring for concussions the person should always follow up with a healthcare provider for a full evaluation, if you are unsure of the seriousness of the concussion call 911 or the designated emerhency number, until they come monitor the person for any changes in their condition and try to comfort and reassre them. Encourage the person to talk to you to keep them calm and distracted
Damage to the heart from heart disease or injury can disrupt the heart's electrical system. This can result in an abnormal heart rhythm that can do what to circulation?
This is can stop circulation
What is the anatomical term for the windpipe?
Trachea
A burn that only involves the top layer of skin is classified as a burn.
superficial first degree
List 5 of the common causes of respiratory distress and respiratory arrest
Acute flare-ups of chronic respiratory conditions like Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Lung and Respiratory tract infections like pneumonia or bronchitis Severe allergic reactions that lead to anaphylaxis Heart Conditions like a heart attack and heart failure Other conditions like trauma, poisoning, drug overdose, electrocution and mental health conditions like a panic disorder
List 4 of the 6 signs and symptoms of shock.
Altered level of conciousness Rapid breathing Apprehension, anxiety, restlessness or irrability Rapid, weak heartbeat
You are caring for a victim who is bleeding from a wound on one arm. You have applied direct pressure to the wound, and placed a pressure bandage on the wound. Unfortunately, the bleeding continues and the pressure bandage is now soaked with blood. What two things should you do?
Apply an additional pressure bandage on top of the first and apply more direct pressure Call 911
List two signals of life-threatening external bleeding (what does it LOOK like, what are its' characteristics?)
Blood that is spurting (spurts from the wound and makes it difficult for clots to form) Bleeding that fails to stop after all measures have been taken to control bleeding (Severe bleeding that will not stop even after having dressings, bandages, and pressure applied, this flows steadily without spurting)
List 5 types of "critical burns" as listed on p. 175 in your textbook.
Burns encircling an extremity (circumferential burns) Burns to the airway (on mouth and nose) Burns resulting from chemicals, explosions, lighting or electricity Burns covering more than one body part or a larger surface area Burns to the head, face, neck, hands, feet or genitals
You and a friend are hiking some distance from the nearest town when your friend suddenly becomes ill. In a delayed-help situation like this, you really only have four options for calling for help. What are they?
Call for help with a mobile phone or a two way radio Leave your friend alone while you go get help Transport your friend to help Care for your friend where you are until your friend has recovered enough to travel on their own
List 4 other signals of head, neck or back injuries, in addition to the answer you chose for #22
Changes in the level of conciousness Tingling or loss of sensation to the extermities Severe Pain or pressure in the head, neck or spine Sudden loss of memory Partial or complete loss of movement of any body part
A victim of ingested poisoning will generally look ill and might have trouble breathing, or be vomiting. List four more signals a victim of ingested poisons may exhibit
Chest/abdominal pain Sweating Abnormal skin color Changes in level of consciousness
What are 4 common household poisons that could cause poisoning in YOUR home?
Cleaning products (detergent pods) Alcohol Insect and weed killers Medications
. List 3 of the recommendations for preventing head, neck and spinal injuries that you can (and hopefully will) implement in YOUR life -
Correctly wear saftey belts (including lap and shoulder restraints) and place children in car safety seats Do not dive into a body of water if you are unsure of the depth Use proper lifting techniques when lifting and carrying heavy objects
A person has consumed an excessive amount of alcohol. Alcohol is a depressant - List 4 affects that depressants have on the body -
Decrease mental and physical activity Promote sleep Relax muscles Impair coordination and judgment
There are few things you should NOT do - what are they?
Do not let the woman get up or leave to find a bathroom Do not hold the woman's knees together to try to slow the birth process; this will not work and may complicate the birth or harm the baby Do not place your fingers in the vagina for any reason Do not pull on the baby
List 3 things that you can do to reduce your risk of having a stroke.
Do not smoke Control your blood pressure Control diabetes
Dehydration has many causes, and can be or lead to a serious and even life-threatening situation. List 4 of the 8 initial signs and symptoms of dehydration:
Fatigue Nausea Dizziness Weakness
List at least 3 steps to care for shock
Have the person lie flat on their back Control any external bleeding that is present Cover the person with a blanket to prevent the loss of body heat Do not give the person anything to eat or drink even if they complain of thirst because eating or drinking can increase the person's risk for vomiting and asipration that can lead to serious complications like pneumonia Ensure the person's airway is open and clear Provide reassurance and help the person rest comfortably Continue to monitor the person's condition and watch for changes in level of conciousness
List the four sources or causes of burns, along with an example of each type of burn.
Heat/Thermal, ex: burns from heat sources like a cooking pan, iron, fire etc Chemical, ex: burns from cleaning solutions like household bleach in which the chemicals can eat away or destroy tissues. Electrical, ex: burns that arise from being in contact with an electric source like a power line, a malfunctioning household appliance or lighting. The electrical resistance of body parts produces heat causing the burn. Radiation, ex: burns from tanning beds or solar radiation from the sun.
List three signals of an infected wound:
Increased pain, swelling, redness or warmth in the area of the wound Pus draining from the wound Red streakes extending from the area of the wound Fever
List the 4 ways that poisons enter the body and give an example of each type of poison (choose examples that are a risk for you or someone in your family or workplace .
Ingestion: Food poisoning from mushrooms or alcohol poisoning Inhalation: Inhaling poison like Carbon Monoxide through fires, defective gas cooking equipment, gas furnaces and water heaters and kerosene heaters. Absorption: Through the skin from touching or brushing against poisonous plants like poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac. Injection: Poision entering the body from insect bites or animal bites like snakes, spiders, bees
When checking the scene and the person, you should consider the possibility of a serious head, neck or spinal injury if the injured person: (list 6 of the 11 - pick the 6 most likely to occur in your home or work setting)
Is not fully alert Is older than 65 years old Complains of neck or back pain Has tingling or weakness in the extremities Was involved in a motor vehicle crash or subjected to another force Is unresponsive
What are 3 ways that you can REDUCE the risk of poisoning in YOUR home?
Keep all medications and household products of out reach of children and older adults with medical conditions that are associated with confusion Keep medication and products in their original containers with their original labels in place Use poison symbols to identify potentially poisonous substances, and teach children the meaning of the symbols
List 4 guidelines for taking action in a water-related emergency -
Look for a lifeguard to help you before attempting any water rescue Never swim out to a person unless you have the proper training, skills and equipment If a lifeguard or other professional responder is not present, make sure you have appropriate equipment for your own safety and that of the drowning person Call for help immediately if proper equipment is not available
List 3 of the 5 risk factors for choking in adults
Medical Conditions like neurological or muscular conditions that affect the person's ability to chew or swallow Talk/Laughing with mouth full or eating too fast Dental problems and poorly fitting dentures causing someone the inability to chew food properly
List three steps to care for heat exhaustion.
Move the individual from the hot environment to a cooler environment where there is circulating air If the person is able to swallow and is awake, give the individual small amounts of a cool fluid like a commercial sports drink or fruit juice to restore fluids and electrolytes. Milk and water are also acceptable fluids that can be given. Do not let the person drink too quickly! Let the person rest in a comfortable position and watch them carefully for changes in their condition. It is ideal that the person should not resume normal activities for that day
List three different types of items that will be needed to assist in the delivery of a baby.
Newspapers for a clean environment for the mother, warm blanket or towel to wrap the baby Non-Latex gloves or a plastic bag or wrap, eyewear, mask or face shield to use as a barrier from fluids Plastic Bag or towel to hold the placenta Bulb syringe; to suction secretions from the infant's nose and mouth.
In addition to having a well-stocked first aid kit, list 2 other things that you and your family can do to be more prepared for an emergency in your home.
-Keep a list of medical information like the medications of all family members where people can see like on the refrigerator door -Keep a list of emergency telephone numbers in your phone, by the phones in your house and in the first aid kit -Make sure your house number is large and easy to read and find
List 4 of the 6 things you can do when providing CARE -
-Monitor the person's breathing and level of consciousness -Help the person rest in the most comfortable position possible -Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated -Reassure the person by telling them that you will help and the EMS personnel have been called
Look at the 4 nationally recognized levels of training in pre-hospital personnel on page 5. Describe two of them in detail.
-PARAMEDICS are allied health professionals that undergo more detailed training than AEMT's; they give care to critical emergency patients and have the ability to perform distinctive invasive procedures. Paramedics also help with non-emergency community-based care as part of the state and local community and mobile integrated healthcare programs. -EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS are the individuals that work on treating critical emergency patients and prepare them for transport; they are the ones that take over care from the Emergency Medical Responder. In order to become an Emergency Medical Technician one must obtain certification of 150 hours of training.
List 3 of the 4 primary roles of a trained lay responder...
-Recognizing that an emergency exists -Being willing to act -Activating the EMS systems by calling 911 or the ---Designated emergency number
Most people having a heart attack experience signs or symptoms, though too many ignore or deny these symptoms. List 5 of the 10 from your textbook.
-Sweating -Unresponsiveness -Discomfort or pain that spreads to one or both arms, the back, the shoulder, the neck, the jaw or the upper part of the stomach -Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness of breath or breathing that is faster than normal -Dizziness or light-headedness
List 4 of the 7 pieces of information that you (or someone you send) should be sure to tell EMS or the EMD when you call 911 -
-The location of the emergency -A description of what happened -The telephone number of the phone you are calling from -The nature of the emergency (What is currently happening)
List 3 ways that bystanders can help at a scene.
-They can call 911 or the designated emergency number -They can wait for EMS personnel and lead them to the emergency and control crowds -They can help get items like an AED and First Aid Kit
What are the three reasons that it would be appropriate to move an injured or ill person?
-To protect them from immediate danger (fire, flood, gas) -To reach another person who may have a more serious injury or illness -In order to give proper care (For CPR onto a flat hard surface)
List the 6 main steps for proper hand-washing as described by your textbook -
-Wet your hands with warm water. -Apply soap to your hands. -Rub your hands vigorously for at least 20 seconds, covering all surfaces of the hands and fingers -Do this by using warm water -Scrub nails by rubbing them against the palms of your hands -Rinse your hands with water -Dry your hands thoroughly with a clean paper towel -Turn off the faucet using the paper towel
It is normally best to avoid moving an ill or injured person. Give the 3 different reasons or conditions when it is appropriate to move a seriously injured person.
-You must move the person to protect them from immediate danger (from things such as such as fire, flood or poisonous gas) -You must move the person to reach another person who may have a more serious injury or illness -You must move the person in order to give proper care. (Ex. moving someone to a flat surface so you can correctly conduct CPR)
Match each of the sudden illnesses with its signals (use each letter only once): 13. Diabetic emergency = 14. Fainting = 15. Seizure = 16. Febrile seizure = 17. Stroke = a. Weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, blurred vision b. Sudden change in body temperature c. Lightheadedness, nausea, sudden loss of consciousness d. Uncontrolled muscle contraction, experiencing an aura e. Rapid pulse, rapid breathing and changes in mood and/or level of consciousness
13. Diabetic emergency = E; rapid pulse, rapid breathing and changes in mood and/or level of consciousness 14. Fainting = C; lightheadedness, nausea, sudden loss of consciousness 15. Seizure = D; uncontrolled muscle contraction, experiencing an aura 16. Febrile seizure = B; Sudden change in body temperature 17. Stroke = A; weakness one side of the body, dizziness, blurred vision
What is a concussion?
A concussion is a common traumatic brain injury that involves temporary loss of brain function. Concussions are very common due to sports- related injuries but can occur when a person experiences a bump, jolt, or blow to the head or body resulting in rapid movement of the head.
What is the difference between a drug and a medication?
A drug is any substance other than food that is intended to affect the functions of the body. A medication is a drug given therapeutically to prevent or treat the effects of a disease or condition, or otherwise enhance mental or physical well-being.
What is the definition of a heart attack Of angina pectoris? Of cardiac arrest?
A heart attack is a sudden illness involving the death of heart muscle tissue when it does not receive oxygen-rich blood. Angina Pectoris is pain in the chest that comes and goes at different times. It is caused by a lack of oxygen reaching the heart. Cardiac Arrest is a condition in which the heart has stopped beating or beats too irregularly or weakly to pump blood effectively and circulate to the brain and other vital organs.
How should you position a choking infant to give back blows? A. Face-down, with the infant's head lower than their chest B. Flat and face-down on your leg or a table C. In a sitting position with the infant's head higher than their chest D. In the head-tilt/chin-lift position
A. Face-down, with the infant's head lower than their chest
You must obtain the consent of a conscious victim before you give care by: a. Telling the victim who you are, your level of training and what you would like to do. b. Getting permission from the EMS call taker or other EMS personnel c. Showing the victim what steps you will take to reduce his or her pain d. Explaining the injury to the victim and how you can care for it.
a. Telling the victim who you are, your level of training and what you would like to do.
Shock is a progressive, life-threatening condition that occurs when the circulatory system fails to provide adequate oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. List the three conditions that are necessary to maintain adequate blood flow to the entire body.
a. The heart must be working well b. The blood vessels must be intact and able to adjust blood flow c. An adequate amount of blood must be circulating in the body
What is the purpose of Good Samaritan laws? a. To help protect people from financial liability who voluntarily give care without accepting anything in return b. To discourage people from helping others in an emergency situation c. To protect people who give care beyond their level of training d. None of the above
a. To help protect people from financial liability who voluntarily give care without accepting anything in return
Why does the heart beat faster when a person is in shock? a. To try to compensate for inadequate blood flow b. Because the blood vessels are getting smaller c. To compensate for rapid breathing d. To compensate for an increase in blood volume
a. To try to compensate for inadequate blood flow
Which is the correct way to give chest compressions for an infant during CPR? a. Two fingers just below the nipple line on the center of the chest b. Two fingers just above the nipple line on the center of the chest c. One hand in the middle of the abdomen above the navel d. One hand in the middle of the chest
a. Two fingers just below the nipple line on the center of the chest
CPR compressions on an adult are performed using: a. Two hands (one on top of the other) in the middle of the chest b. Two fingers on the middle of the chest c. One hand on the middle of the chest d. One finger on the middle of the chest
a. Two hands (one on top of the other) in the middle of the chest
What should you do if a conscious victim does not give consent and you believe that their condition is life-threatening? a.Give care anyway and call 911 or the local emergency number b. Honor their wishes and still call 911 or the local emergency number c. Give care but do not call 911 or the local emergency number d. None of the above
b. Honor their wishes and still call 911 or the local emergency number
Where is a good location in which to place an Infant to check for signals of illness or injury? a.In your lap or arms b. In a parent or guardian's lap or arms c. Lying flat on a hard surface d. Lying in the most comfortable position away from the parent
b. In a parent or guardian's lap or arms
Early CPR is important in the Cardiac Chain of Survival because: a. It prevents heart attacks b. It helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs until an AED is ready to use or advanced medical personnel take over c. It prevents the heart from seizing up d. It helps restart the heart
b. It helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs until an AED is ready to use or advanced medical personnel take over
You do not move a person unless, as you said in #26, there is immediate danger (or one of the other two reasons). What is best reason why do we NOT move an injured or ill person? a. The police need to make a report about the scene b. Moving the person can lead to further injury c. Emergency medical personnel need room to do their job most effectively d. It is important to preserve any evidence of a potential crime
b. Moving the person can lead to further injury
You do not move a person unless, one of the reasons from your previous answer exists. What is best reason why do we NOT move an injured or ill person? a. The police need to make a report about the scene b. Moving the person can lead to further injury c. Emergency medical personnel need room to do their job most effectively d. It is important to preserve any evidence of a potential crime
b. Moving the person can lead to further injury
When checking a child for non-life-threatening emergencies, which action would be most appropriate? a. Have the parent or guardian examine the child under your direction b. Observe the child closely before touching him, starting the exam at the child's toes c. Talk down to the child because children do not understand as well as adults d. Start at the head and proceed to the toes, the same as for an adult.
b. Observe the child closely before touching him, starting the exam at the child's toes
If during the second analysis, the AED prompts "no shock advised," you should: a. Reset the AED by turning it off for 10 seconds b. Resume CPR until the AED reanalyzes or you find an obvious sign of life c. Check the pad placement on the person's chest d. Unplug the connector from the machine
b. Resume CPR until the AED reanalyzes or you find an obvious sign of life
Friends are playing football in the park. One of the players is hit in the chest and falls to the ground. They get up holding their right chest area with their arm. Which injury would be most likely? a. Sucking chest wound b. Rib fracture c. Dislocated shoulder d. Fracture of the scapula
b. Rib fracture
What is the first step in caring for a wound with significant bleeding? a. Apply direct pressure to the wound, elevate the wound, then apply a pressure bandage b. Compress an artery at a pressure point, apply direct pressure to the wound and then apply a pressure bandage c. Apply direct pressure to the wound with a sterile or clean dressing d. Elevate the wound, apply direct pressure to the wound, apply a pressure bandage and then (if necessary) compress an artery at a pressure point
c. Apply direct pressure to the wound with a sterile or clean dressing
When giving care to a person who has a serious injury to the chest, abdomen or pelvis, which of the following would you do first? a. Minimize shock b. Control minor bleeding c. Call 911 or the designated emergency number d. Determine the exact injury location
c. Call 911 or the designated emergency number
You suspect that a victim might have ingested poison. You should first: a. Locate the drug or product containers to give to EMS personnel b. Have the victim vomit to get the poison out of the digestive system c. Call the National Poison Control Center or 911 or the local emergency number d. Immediately give the victim something to drink to dilute the poison
c. Call the National Poison Control Center or 911 or the local emergency number
A person suffering from hypothermia needs to be moved gently and rewarmed gradually because failing to do so can: a. Burns the person's skin b. Cause a stroke c. Cause dangerous heart rhythms d. Result in muscle rigidity and spasm
c. Cause dangerous heart rhythms
Which is the first step you should take in caring for a person with burns? a. Call 911 or the designated emergency number b. Remove the person from the source of the burn c. Check to see if the scene is safe d. Cool the burned area to stop the burning
c. Check to see if the scene is safe
.All of the following are body systems EXCEPT? a. Integumentary system b. Digestive system c. Cranial system d. Respiratory system
c. Cranial system
A person is having an asthma attack. What should you do? a. Have the person sit down and take deep breaths b. Give the person a cool drink c. Encourage the person to use their quick-relief medication, and call 911 if the person's condition does not improve within 5 to 15 minutes of taking the medication d. Help the person use their epinephrine auto-injector
c. Encourage the person to use their quick-relief medication, and call 911 if the person's condition does not improve within 5 to 15 minutes of taking the medication
You suspect that a friend is experiencing a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting based on which sign? a. Evidence of a stinger b. Swelling at the sting site c. Redness of the face d. Tight feeling in the throat
d. Tight feeling in the throat
List 6 of the 10 signals of musculoskeletal injuries.
A snapping sound Significant bruising and swelling (swollen and red) Pain becomes present Significant deformity (The area injured is twisted or strangely bent) Bone fragments are sticking out of a wound The person feels bones grating (sound when two pieces of bone rub together or crepitus)
Each minute that CPR and the use of an AED are delayed reduces the victim's chance of survival by about what percent (which is why it is important to use the AED as soon as it becomes available)?
10%
Certain people are at greater risk for heat- and/or cold-related illnesses. List 4 of these groups of people
People who have a pre-existing health problem, such as diabetes or heart disease. This is because they can increase a patient's susceptibility to heat-related illness and some medications taken for these conditions can also cause dehydration People who live in a situation or environment that does not provide them with enough heating or cooling, depending on the season People who do not maintain adequate hydration by drinking enough water to counteract the loss of fluids through perspiration, exertion or exposure to heat and humidity People who take medications to eliminate water from the body (diuretics). Diuretics increase the risk of dehydration, and this causes an increase in core body temperature by preventing adequate blood flow to remove excess heat
Describe the signs or symptoms of a mild reaction to a bite or sting?
Presence of a stinger Pain Swelling Redness
List the three steps to care for heat stroke that are NOT the same as any of the care steps for heat exhaustion
Rapidly cool the body by immersing the individual up to the neck in cold water; douse the person with ice-water-soaked towels over the entire body, frequently rotating the cold, wet towels, spraying with cold water, fanning the person, or covering the person with ice towels or bags of ice placed over the body Remove excess clothing If you are not able to measure and monitor the person's temperature, apply rapid cooling methods for 20 minutes or until the person's level of consciousness improves
What are 3 of the 6 guidelines to follow when assisting someone with a physical disability?
Speaking to the person before touching them Asking, "How can I help" or "Do you need help?" Do not remove any braces, canes, other physical support, eyeglasses or hearing aids. The removal of these items may take away necessary physical support for the person's body.
List 4 of the 11 things you should do (the general rules for splinting) before applying a splint
Support the injured part in the position in which you find it, if possible have the person or a bystander help you Check the body part that is on the other side of the injury for circulation (feeling, warmth and color) before and after splinting to make sure the splint is not too tight. Cut off or remove any clothing around the injury site Cover any bleeding or open wounds, including open fractures, with sterile dressings and carefully bandage with minimal pressure before splinting
List 5 of the recommendations for communicating with injured or ill children or infants -
Talk slowly and distinctly and use words that the child will easily understand Reassure the child that you are there to help and will not leave them Do not make promises that you cannot control, such as telling them something will not hurt or that they will be OK Get as close to the child's or infants eye level as you can and keep your voice calm Ask the child's name and use it when you talk with them
How are Check, Call and Care each modified in disaster, remote or wilderness emergencies
The CHECK action step is broken up into three separate components that give you the information to act appropriately: o Check scene safety as part of your scene size up o Check the person or persons o Check for resources Recognizing that the CALL step will be more difficult and will require more information to be shared about the entire situation, not just the injured or ill persons Giving CARE for a longer term that will also require additional skills
List three recommendations for lowering the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
The infant should sleep in the same room as the parents, but not in the same bed. Avoid covering the infant's head or allowing the infant to become overheated Do not smoke during pregnancy or after birth
Some of the signals of severeinternal bleeding include soft tissues that are tender, swollen or rigid and a rapid, weak pulse. What are fourother signals of severeinternal bleeding?
The person may cough or vomit blood Excessive thirst Skin that feels cool or moist and looks pale or bluish Altered level of consciousness
Not all seizures require that you call 911. List 5 of the 9 situations when you SHOULD call 911 in the event of a seizure.
The seizure lasts more than 5 minutes or the person has repeated seizures with no sign of slowing down (status eplepticus) This is the persons first seizure The person is pregnant The person is a child or an infant The person appears to be injured
List two of the three things that might affect the severity of a poisoning
The type and amount of the substance The time that has elapsed since the poison entered the body
List five factors that you will need to consider in delayed help situations if you are to provide help when EMS is unavailable -
Time and or distance that prevents access to swift advanced medical help Hazards created by the environment, weather, location or time of day Lack of adequate first aid equipment Scene safety issues that demand special skills and resources Unavailability of EMS due to overwhelming need
List 3 of the 5 reasons that we immobilize possible musculoskeletal injuries.
To prevent further damage to soft tissues Lessen pain Reduce the possibilty of loss of circulation to the injured part
You approach the scene of a vehicle accident. The driver of one vehicle appears to have been thrown violently against the steering wheel of the car. You suspect that the driver might have a closed chest wound. List five signals this victim might have.
Trouble breathing or no breathing Flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skin color Severe pain at the site of the injury Bruising at the site of a blunt injury A sucking noise or distinct sound when the person breathes
List and describe 4 of the 12 safe food handling tips that you can follow to prevent food poisoning - choose one from each category in your textbook
Use separate cutting boards: One for produce and one for raw meat, poultry, seafood and eggs and separate plates and untensils for cooked and raw foods Keep food hot after cooking: temperature should be at least 140 degrees Refrigerate perishable foods within 2 hours Wash hands thoroughly for 20 seconds with soap and running water before and after preparing or handling foods; between handling raw and cooked foods; and whenever handling food preparation surfaces, dishes and utensils
LIST and briefly DESCRIBE each of the 3 Emergency Action Steps?
*CHECK the scene and the person; become aware of what is happening at the scene, see if it is safe to enter, what happened, how many people are involved, what the nature of the person's injury is, and is there a bystander that can help. Once you have cleared the scene check the person that is injured, first obtain consent and gather information about the injury of the victim. If the person seems to be unresponsive shout using the person's name or tap their shoulder. If you see that the person is undergoing a life threatening emergency make sure that 911 is called, and see if you can find an AED or first aid kit. *Call 911 or the designated emergency number; if there is someone near you, ask them to call 911 or if you are alone call quickly and return to the person and start providing care. The person calling 911 should tell the dispatcher the location of the emergency, the nature of the emergency, the number being used, and description of what happened, how many people are injured and what help has been given and by whom. The individual should stay on the phone until told to hang up. *CARE for the person; the last step is to give care for the individual according to what you determined and what you know from your knowledge and training. Take care of conditions that are life threatening first.
List 10 items that should be in a first aid kit.
-2 pairs of disposable latex-free gloves -8 sterile gauze pads (2x2 inches) -5 antiseptic wipe packets -1 unit antibiotic ointment, cream or wound gel -1 space blanket -Tweezers -4 roller bandages (2 inches or 3 inches x 4 yards) -1 36- inch malleable radiolucent splint -Oral thermometer -2 packets of chew-able aspirin (81 mg each)
If you are ALONE with the victim, list the 4 CARE FIRST situations -
-An unresponsive infant or child younger than about 12 years whom you did not see collapse -A person who is choking -A person who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and has an epinephrine auto-injector -A person who has severe, life-threatening bleeding
If you are ALONE with the victim, list the 3 CALL FIRST situations -
-Any person about 12 years or older who is unresponsive -A child or infant whom you witnessed suddenly collapse -An unresponsive child or infant that has heart problems
Aspirin is often recommended for a victim who may be having a heart attack. What four questions should you ask the victim before administering aspirin?
-Are you allergic to aspirin? -Are you taking any blood thinners, such as Warfarin (Coumadin)? -Do you have a stomach ulcer or stomach disease? -Have you ever been told by a healthcare provider to avoid aspirin?
List 3 of the 5 things that a "reasonable and prudent person" would do to help ensure that they are protected by the Good Samaritan laws -
-Ask a responsive person (or the parent of guardian of a minor) for permission to help (consent) before giving them care -Call 911 or the designated emergency number -Continue giving care until more highly trained personnel take over
List 4 of the 6 common reasons that people give for not acting in an emergency -
-Being uncertain that an emergency exists -Being afraid of giving the wrong care or accidentally causing the person more harm -Fear of catching a disease -Fear of being sued
List at least 5 emergency medical conditions that should lead you to call 911 (not emergency situations) -
-Breathing problems -Persisting Abdominal Pain or pressure -Severe Burns -Seizures -Severe external bleeding -Symptoms of a stroke
List 4 of the 8 steps to care for a Heart Attack - pick 4 that you would do if a family member had the signs and symptoms of a heart attack -
-Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately -If the person is responsive, able to chew and swallow, and allowed to have aspirin, off them two low-dose (81 mg) aspirin tablets or one 5 grain (325 mg) regular-strength aspirin tablet -Have the person stop what they are doing an rest in a comfortable position to reduce the heart's need for oxygen -Loosen any tight or uncomfortable clothing
The good news is that some risk factors for CHD can be reduced. List 4 of the 6 factors that CAN be controlled to reduce a person's risk for CHD
-Cigarette Smoking (Quitting smoking) -Poor Diet (Eating healthier) -Lack of regular exercise (Exercising regularly) -Following care prescribed by a healthcare provider
You should give care until help arrives. List the 5 reasons that it is acceptable to stop providing care, as described in Chapter 1.
-EMS personnel or another trained responder take over -You are too exhausted to continue with care -The scene of the emergency becomes unsafe -The person you are helping wakes up and is alert and asks you to stop giving care -You are alone and need to call 911 or the designated emergency number after giving initial care to the individual
Many factors increase a person's risk of developing CHD. These are called risk factors. Some risk factors can NOT be changed - list and explain in detail 2 of the 4 factors that cannot be changed.
-Ethnicity plays a role in determining the risk for heart disease. -A family history of heart disease increases the risk.
List two of the three main functions of the integumentary system
-Helps prevent infection and dehydration -Assists with temperature regulation
List 4 of the 5 questions you should ask as you Check the Scene -
-Is the scene safe to enter? -What happened? -How many people are involved? -Is anyone else available to help?
How do you check a victim who appears to be unresponsive (see page 76)?
1. Check for responsiveness and breathing by shouting to get the person's attention, using the person's name if you know it. If there is no response, tap the person's shoulder (if the person is an adult of child) or the bottom of the person's foot (if the person is an infant), and shout again while checking for normal breathing. • Check for responsiveness and breathing for no more than 5 to 10 seconds. Isolated and infrequent gasping is not considered normal breathing. 2. If the person responds and is breathing normally but is not awake: • Send someone to call 911 or the designated emergency number and to obtain an AED and first aid kit, interview bystanders using SAMPLE and do a head to toe check to gather more information, and place the person into the recovery position by rolling the person onto their side. 3. If the person does not respond and is not breathing or is only gasping: • Send someone to call 911 or the designated emergency number and to obtain an AED and first aid kit and if no one is there complete these actions yourself • If the person is face-down roll the person onto their back. If necessary move the person to a firm and flat surface • Immediately begin CPR starting with compressions and use an AED as soon as possible
Name 3 of the 5 common types of Emergency Moves, AND an explanation of "when to use" that move for each emergency move AND a specific example of an injury for each type of emergency move (3 answers per answer - type of move, when to use, specific injury)
1. Clothes Drag: Used to move a responsive or unresponsive person who may have a head, neck or spinal injury. 2. Ankle Drag: Used to move a person who is too large to move another way, this method is to be used for any injury except for a leg injury (arm injury etc.) 3. Two-Person Seat Carry: Used to move a responsive person who is not seriously injured, this method could be used for someone who has a sprained ankle, foot etc.
List 3 ways that you can improve your CPR technique to be as effective as possible -
1. Counting out loud as you give compressions can help you keep a steady even rhythm 2. Use the weight of your upper body, not your arm muscles to compress the chest. 3. When giving rescue breaths keeping the person's head tilted back and avoiding taking too large of a breath or blowing too forcefully can improve your CPR.
After completing the Interview and Checking the Person from head to toe, list 3 of the 5 things that you should do -
1. Determine whether to call 911 or the designated emergency number 2. Help the person rest in a comfortable position 3. Be alert to signs that the person's condition is worsening, such as changes in level of consciousness, changes in breathing, changes in skin color or restlessness, all signs of shock.
List and provide detailed information about 4 considerations for safe and effective AED use -
1. Flammable or combustible materials. Do not use an AED around flammable or combustible materials, such as gasoline or free-flowing oxygen. 2. Metal Surfaces. It is safe to use an AED when the person is lying on a metal surface as long as appropriate precautions are taken. Make sure that you do not allow the AED pads to contact the metal surface, and ensure that no one is touching the person when the shock is delivered. 3. Water. If the person is in water removed the person from the water before using the AED. Once you have removed the person from the water be sure there are no puddles of water around you, the person or the AED. 4. Inclement Weather. It is safe to use AEDs in all weather conditions including both rain and snow. Provide a dry environment if possible, but do not delay defibrillation to do so. Remove all wet clothing and wipe the person's chest dry before placing the AED pads. Avoid getting the AED or the AED pads wet.
List 3 of the 5 unique things to consider when the injured or ill person is a child - Choose the 3 that you would want someone else to remember if caring for your child or younger sibling -
1. If the care you need to give will cause pain, describe what the child can expect to feel in terms that the child can understand. Make sure to never make promises or statements that you cannot support like saying that something will not hurt. 2. If the child's parents or guardian is present, remember to get the parents or guardians consent to give care. 3. Make sure to be aware that children often take emotional cues from the adults surrounding them. If the child sees that the adults are upset, the child's anxiety and panic may increase. Try to stay calm, and encourage the child's parent or guardian to do the same.
List the five links in the Adult Cardiac Chain-of-Survival.
1. Recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency medical services (EMS) system. 2. Early CPR 3. Early defibrillation 4. Early advanced life support 5. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
List 3 of the 6 unique things to consider when the injured or ill person is an older adult - Choose the 3 that you would want someone else to remember if caring for your parent or grandparent -
1. Speak clearly and loudly enough for the person to hear you but do not shout at them. If the person does not understand what you are saying to them, change your words, not the volume of your voice unless you spoke too softly before. 2. When interviewing the person, avoid rushing. Allow the person you are interviewing enough time to process your questions and respond. 3. A family member, caregiver or another person who knows the older adult well can be a valuable source of information if the older adult is not capable to speak for themselves. However if the older adult is able to understand and answer your questions, speak directly to them, rather than addressing your questions to others who may be present.
You should NEVER transport a person to EMS yourself when: (3 reasons)
1. The person you are helping has or may develop a life- threatening condition 2. If you are not sure of the nature of the injury or the illness 3. If the trip to EMS may make the injury worse or cause an additional injury
List the 5 main steps to follow when using an AED (assume that the pads are already plugged into the AED, which they are on most newer models)-
1. Turn the device on and follow voice prompts 2. Remove all clothing covering the chest and if necessary wipe chest dry 3. Place the Pads on the body and prepare to let the AED analyze the hearts rhythm 4. Deliver a shock, if the AED determines that one is needed. Push the shock button to deliver the shock 5. After the AED delivers the shock or if no shock is advised immediately begin CPR starting with compressions, continue until prompted by the AED
You should continue CPR until 1 of the following 5 things happens (list all 5) -
1. You notice an obvious sign of life, such as normal breathing 2. An AED becomes available and is ready to use 3. The scene becomes unsafe 4. Another trained responder or EMS personnel arrive and take over 5. You are too exhausted to continue
Leave an ice pack on the injured part for no more than __ minutes
20
When contractions are less than ___ minutes apart, delivery is near.
3
A combination of __ and ______ provides an effective way to clear the airway obstruction of an adult or child.
5 back blows 5 abdominal Thrusts
The adult body has approximately ___ muscles and __ bones
600 muscles and 206 bones
Match each body term with its description (use each letter only once): 7. Abdomen = 8. Chest = 9. Pelvis = 10. Rib cage = 11. Breastbone = a. Attaches to the sternum and the spinal column b. A long, flat bone in the front of the rib cage, also known as the sternum c. Contains the heart and lungs d. Contains the large intestine and bladder e. The middle part of the trunk
7. Abdomen = E; the middle part of the trunk 8. Chest = C; contains the heart and lungs 9. Pelvis = D; contains the large intestine and bladder 10. Rib cage = A; Attaches to the sternum and the spinal column 11. Breastbone = B; A long, flat bone in the front of the rib cage, also known as the sternum
Care for a person with exertional heat exhaustion includes the following: a. Get the person out of the heat and into a cooler place b. Put more layers of clothing on the person as protection against the heat c. Force the person to quickly drink a lot of water d. All of the above
A. Get the person out of the heat and into a cooler place
A friend collapses. As they regain consciousness, you notice that they are having difficulty speaking. One side of the person's face is drooping and they are unable to move their left arm or leg. You suspect which of the following? a. Stroke b. Seizure c. Diabetic emergency d. Poisoning
A. Stroke
Care for injuries to the chest, abdomen and pelvis includes- a. Watching for changes in a victim's breathing b. Controlling internal bleeding c. Giving the victim fluids d. Minimizing bystander activity
A. Watching for changes in a victims breathing
A young boy was playing baseball when he was hit in the stomach by a line drive. He has severe pain and tenderness in the abdomen, and you observe that his abdominal muscles are rigid. The boy also appears weak and complains of being thirsty. a.What injury do you suspect? b. List two other signals that might help confirm your suspicion
A. abdominal injury B. Bruising and organs protruding from the abdomen
Which of the following might be a sign of exertional heat exhaustion? a. Cool, moist, pale, ashen or flushed skin b. High body temperature c. Severe muscle contractions d. Slow, irregular pulse
A. cool, moist, pale, ashen, or flushed skin
You are giving care to a person who has abused cocaine. Cocaine is an example of which of the following? a. Stimulant b. Depressant c. Hallucinogen d. Narcotic
A. stimulant
Why is it important to question a pregnant woman who is in labor? a. To find out if anyone has called 911, to assess labor and to prepare for delivery if necessary. b. To determine what time the newborn will be born. c. To call a physician to prepare for the delivery. d. To care for mother until EMS personnel arrive.
A. to find out if anyone has called 911, to assess labor and to prepare for delivery if necessary
According to the CDC, how many people die each year as a result of excessive alcohol use?
According to the CDC about 88,000 people die each year due to excessive alcohol use
What is the only think that should be in or go down the windpipe?
Air
What is the term for blockage of the airway that prevents air from reaching the victim's lungs?
Airway obstruction
Even though musculoskeletal injuries are rarely life-threatening, why is it important to care for them properly?
Although musculoskeletal injuries are rarely life-threatening it is important to care for them properly because when not recognized and cared for properly these injuries can have serious consequences and even result in permanent disability or death.
Nameand describe the two types of Airway Obstruction
Anatomical Airway Obstruction occurs when the airway is blocked by the tongue or swollen tissues of the mouth, throat, or other airway structures. This type of airway obstruction can be from an injury to the neck or a medical emergency like anaphylaxis Mechanical Airway Obstruction occurs when the airway is partially or completely blocked by a foreign object such as a piece of food or a small toy by fluids like vomit, blood and mucus. A person that is a complete mechanical airway obstruction is choking.
One of the most commonly fractured bones in the body is the clavicle. What is another name for the clavicle?
Another name for the clavicle is collarbone
As we age, the size of our brain does what? Explain the risk/s associated with this change
As we age the size of our brain decreases. The risk associated with this change is an increase in the likelihood of a serious head injury.
Define Asthma and list 4 common triggers
Asthma is a chronic illness in which certain substances or conditions called triggers cause inflammation and the narrowing of the airways making it difficult for a person to breathe. Triggers: Exercise Temperature Extremes Allergies Air pollution Strong Odors Respiratory Infections Stress/Anxiety
When you give care to an adultor childwho is awake and choking, where should you position your fist to give abdominal thrusts? A. In the center of the breastbone B. In the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel C. On the rib cage D. Any of the above
B. In the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel
You are giving care to a person who was involved in an automobile crash. The person is complaining of nausea and pain in their abdomen and tells you they are extremely thirsty. The person is breathing rapidly and their skin is pale and moist. Which of the following would you suspect? a. External bleeding b. Internal bleeding c. Heart attack d. Stroke
B. Internal Bleeding
A young woman is having trouble breathing and based on your check of the person, you suspect that she is having a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting. What should you do? a. After about 15 minutes, call 911 or the designated emergency number b. Provide care to the person, then call 911 or the designated emergency number c. Give the person a cool drink d. Give the person abdominal thrusts
B. Provide care to the person, then call 911 or the designated emergency number
Which condition may result in hypovolemic shock? a. Significant loss of nutrients b. Severe bleeding or loss of blood from the body c. Significant loss of hair d. Extreme loss of weight
B. Severe bleeding or loss of blood from the body
Which sudden illness is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain? a. Heart attack b. Stroke c. Diabetic emergency d. Heat-related illness
B. Stroke
How are viruses and bacteria different - answer in terms of what type of organism they are, and how we treat diseases caused by them.
Bacteria do not depend on other organisms for life and can live outside the human body, we can treat diseases caused by bacteria by taking antibiotics that kill or weaken the bacteria so that the body can get rid of them. Viruses depend on other organisms to live and reproduce. Although it is difficult to eliminate viruses because very few medications are affective towards viral infections the best defense towards viruses is the body's immune system.
Pick 2 of the 6 common reasons that people give for not acting that might impact your willingness to help in an emergency, and describe what steps you can take to overcome those barriers -
Barrier 1 - Fear of catching a disease: Even though it is possible for one to catch a disease you can prevent this by putting on latex-free gloves and or using a CPR breathing barrier when giving CPR. Barrier 2 - Fear of being sued: Although the thought of being sued when helping someone commonly arises one can remember to overcome this barrier that a majority of states in the country have Good Samaritan Laws that protect people against law suits involving negligence.
Do you think that you should call 911 if you (based on your training) believe that the victim is seriously ill or injured, even if they tell you not to call?
Based on our training it is important to call 911 if the victim is seriously ill or injured even though they tell you not to because it is our job to make sure that they receive more advanced care
Which sudden illness results from too much or too little sugar in the person's blood? a. Heart attack b. Stroke c. Diabetic emergency d. Heat-related illness
C. Diabetic Emergency
Which type of burn may directly affect the heart? a. Thermal burn b. Chemical burn c. Electrical burn d. Radiation burn
C. Electrical Burn
Crowning occurs during which stage of labor? a. Dilation b. Stabilization c. Expulsion d. Placental delivery
C. Expulsion
A person has sustained a chemical burn to their right eye. Which action would be appropriate? a. Encourage continuous blinking so tears can rinse the chemical from the eye b. Apply several cool, wet compresses over the right eye c. Flush the right eye with water for at least 15 minutes d. Call 911 before doing anything
C. Flush the right eye with water for at least 20 minutes
You are giving care to a person in shock. Which of the following would be most appropriate? a. Cooling the person to protect vital organs from further injury b. Allowing the person to get up and walk around so they can get better c. Placing the person in a supine position d. Elevating the person's head so they can see their surroundings better
C. Placing the person in a supine position
You are in a shopping mall and a person is having a seizure. What should you do? a. Place a spoon or a wallet between the person's teeth b. Try to hold the person still c. Remove nearby objects that might cause injury d. All of the above
C. Remove nearby objects that might cause injury
If the AED pads risk touching each other, such as with a small child, you should: a. Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back b. Reverse the pad's positions on the chest c. Place one pad on the stomach and one pad on the chest d. Place them as usual - it does not matter if the pads touch each other
a. Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back
Describe the characteristics of normal breathing-
Normal breathing is regular, quiet, and effortless. Individual's do not work hard or struggle when they are breathing normally
Describe three characteristics of normal breathing -
Normal breathing is regular, quiet, and effortless. This means that the person is not making noise when breathing, breaths are not fast and breathing does not cause discomfort or pain.
There are three types of splints - list them:
a. Soft b. Rigid c. Anatomic
Name three objects that can be used if a person is close enough for a reaching assist.
Objects that can be used if a person is close enough for a reaching assist are a pole, oar or paddle, tree branch, shirt, belt, or towel.
Which of the following is the most important reason for checking the scene before approaching to help a victim? a. Another responder might already be helping the victim. b. The EMD (Emergency Medical Dispatcher) will want to know details about the scene. c. You must know what happened in order to give proper first aid. d. You might become injured yourself if the scene is unsafe.
D. You might become injured yourself if the scene is unsafe.
To determine if an infant is responsive, which action would be most appropriate? a. Tap the bottom of the infant's foot b. Look, listen and feel for breathing c. Feel the carotid pulse at the neck d. Roll the infant onto one side
a. Tap the bottom of the infant's foot
Define "Direct Contact Transmission" and give an example of how it might occur?
Direct Contact Transmission is the transmission of pathogens that happens directly by touching infected blood or OPIM and it enters an entry site. It can occur through infected blood splashing in the eye or directly touching body fluids from an infected person.
In response to blood flow issues, the body restricts blood flow to the arms and legs. However, when the brain senses tissues dying as a result of the diminished blood flow, it returns blood flow to the arms and legs. What is the negative consequence of this to the vital organs?
Due to the vital organs not receiving adequate oxygen and the heart beating faster, the negative consequence to the vital organs iss that they fail to function properly. This leads to the person becoming restless, drowsy, and unresponsive, and eventually the heart stops beating and it leads to death.
What happens to the body during anaphylaxis that can cause respiratory distress or arrest?
During anaphylaxis air passages swell and restrict a person's breathing, essentially it goes into anaphylactic shock.
For a possible stroke, use the mnemonic FAST - list what each letter of FAST means and how it applies to your first aid for a stroke.
F: Face; Weakness, numbness or drooping on one side of the face. Ask the person to smile, does one side of the face droop? A: Arm; Weakness or numbness in one arm. Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? S: Speech; Slurred speech or difficulty speaking. Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence. Are the words slurred? Can the person repeat the sentence correctly? T: Time; Try to determine when the signs and symptoms began. If the person shows any one sign or symptom of a stroke, time is critical. Call 911 or the designated emergency number right away
True or False - All victims of Lyme Disease will develop a rash somewhere on their body
False
True or false: For a victim of poisoning, you should always have the victim attempt to vomit.
False
Describe the difference between frostbite and hypothermia.
Frostbite occurs in body parts exposed to the cold, whereas hypothermia develops when the body can no longer generate sufficient heat to maintain normal temperature.
Once you have given 30 chest compressions, you must give 2 Rescue Breaths. Name and Describe the technique we use to open the airway of an unconscious adult victim?
Head-Tilt/ Chin-Lift Maneuver - The individual should place one of their hands on the person's forehead and two fingers of their other hand on the bony part of the person's chin. After that the next step is to tilt the person's head back and lift the chin.
You see a woman who could be choking on a piece of candy; she is conscious and coughing forcefully. What should you do to help her?
I would first ask her if she is choking and then encourage her to keep coughing. If the piece of candy has not yet come out I would perform first aid for choking by giving 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts, and if it was still not out I would continue with the same combination of back blows and abdominal thrusts.
How would you attempt to save yourself if you were choking and there was no one nearby to help you?
I would try to perform abdominal thrusts and back blows on myself.
Should you remove a helmet if the person was wearing one? Why or why not?
If a person is wearing a helmet you should not remove it unless you are trained to do so and it is necessary to assess the person's airway. This is because excessive movement to the head, neck or spine can damage the spinal chord irreverisbly.
If a victim is breathing normally, what does that tell us about whether or not their heart is beating?
If a victim is breathing normally it tells us that their heart is beating and is circulating blood containing oxygen.
Under what circumstances would you use chest thrustsrather than abdominal thrusts to care for a conscious choking adult or child?
If the person is too large for you to wrap your arms around to give abdominal thrusts or the person is pregnant one should use chest thrusts rather than abdominal thrusts to care for a conscious choking adult or child.
What should you do if you determine that the scene is UNSAFE?
If you determine that the scene is unsafe you should stay at a safe distance and cal 911 or the designated emergency number and wait until professional responders make the safe scene and you can help (if needed at that point).
List the steps of care for a tick bite as described in your textbook.
If you find a tick you must remove it: With a gloved hand grasp the tick with fine-tipped, pointed, non-etched, non-rasped tweezers as close to the skin as possible and pull slowly, steadily, and firmly upward. If you cannot find tweezers use a glove, plastic wrap, a piece of paper or a leaf to protect your fingers Do not try to burn the tick off Do not apply petroleum jelly or nail polish to the tick Wash the site where the tick was found with soap and water Apply anitseptic or antibiotic ointment to prevent infection Wash your hands thoroughly If the tick is not found have the individual seek medical care. Even if the tick is removed it is best for the person to tell their healthcare provider in case they become ill in the future. If a rash, flu like symptoms or joint pain develop the individual should seek medical care.
What can you do if you find yourself trying to help someone who speaks a different language than you?
If you find yourself trying to help someone who speaks a different language than you, try to find out if any bystanders speak the person's language and can translate. Do your best to communicate nonverbally, use gestures and facial expressions. Watch their gestures and facial expressions carefully to see if they are in pain because they will be anxious to let you know where that pain is. When you speak to the person, speak slowly and in a normal tone. When calling 911 explain that there is a language barrier and state what language you believe the person speaks. If the person has a life-threatening condition that is severe like bleeding, consent is implied.
You suspect that a victim has a fractured rib. You should care for this injury by doing what? (include more than just the first bullet point in your answer)
If you suspect that a victim has a fractured rib you should first have the person rest in a position that will make breathing easier for them, encourage the person to breathe normally if tolerated and do not move the person if you suspect a head, neck, or spinal injury. You should call 911 or the designated emergency number and give the person a blanket or pillow to hold against the fractured ribs to support and immobilize the area. Use a sling and binder to hold the persons arm and or blanket or pillow against the injured side of the chest. Continue to monitor breathing and take steps to minimize shock.
If you report suspected child abuse or neglect, you are usually immune from what?
In many states if you report a suspected child abuse or neglect in "good faith" you are usually immune from any civil or criminal liability or penalty, even if you make a mistake.
Why is it important to ask a victim of an insect sting if he or she has had any prior reactions to insect stings?
It is important to ask a victim of an insect sting if he or she has had any prior reactions to insect stings because an allergic reactiom can range from a minor localized skin rash and lead to anaphylaxis. If anaphylaxis occurs it is important to call 911 or the designated EMS number, give care for life threatening emergencies, continue to check the person and help them use an epinephrine auto-injector if one is available.
Why is it important to minimize the movement of a victim's head, neck and back if you suspect an injury to that area?
It is important to minimize the movement of a victims head, neck and back if you suspect an injury to that area because excessive movement of these areas can damage the spinal cord irreversibly. The best thing to do is to remind the person to remain very still.
Why is it important to recognize and care for breathing emergencies in children and infants?
It is important to recognize and care for breathing emergencies in children and infants in case the heart stops beating. Breathing Emergencies can quickly lead to cardiac arrest in children.
Match the appropriate signal to the specific bite or sting (use each letter only once). 7. A stinger at the wound site, possibly with a venom sac attached 8. A rash that has a bull's-eye appearance 9. A blister, lesior or swelling at the bite or sting site 10. One or two distinct puncture wounds 11. A serious bacterial infection a. Animal or human bite b. Bee or wasp sting c. Snake bite d. Spider bite e. Tick bite
Match the appropriate signal to the specific bite or sting (use each letter only once). 7. A stinger at the wound site, possibly with a venom sac attached = B; bee or wasp sting 8. A rash that has a bull's-eye appearance = E; tick bite 9. A blister, lesior or swelling at the bite or sting site = D; spider bite 10. One or two distinct puncture wounds = C; snake bite 11. A serious bacterial infection = A; animal or human bite
Yes or No - Is there a difference in the first aid care you would give to a person who is experiencing hypoglycemia from one who is experiencing hyperglycemia? Why?
No The first aid care is the same for the two types of diabetic emergencies because the person is diabetic and their body needs sugar or things containing sugar. Even if the person is experiencing hyperglycemia too much sugar wont cause immediate harm. The signs and symptoms of both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are similar.
In some situations, the victim may be unconscious for a reason other than cardiac arrest. Or they may be in cardiac arrest but their electrical rhythm does not need to be shocked. In these cases, is it possible to accidentally deliver an unnecessary shock with the AED? Why or why not?
No, the AED allows the responder to deliver a shock only when and if the AED has detected the presence of a life-threatening arrhythmia. If the device does not detect a shockable rhythm it will instruct you to perform CPR.
You are caring for a person who is in shock. The person tells you he or she is very thirsty. Should you give him something to drink? Why or why not?
No, you should not give him/her something to drink because eating or drinking would increase their risk for vomiting and aspiration. Aspiration can cause serious complications like pneumonia for the individual.
Name two disease caused by Bacteria? Name two diseases caused by Viruses?
Two diseases caused by Bacteria are Tetanus and Bacterial Meningitis. Two diseases caused by Viruses are Hepatitis and the common cold.
7. In general, it is best to call 911 for a possible musculoskeletal injury. If you decide to NOT call 911, follow the mnemonic RICE. Define and describe each letter in terms of the care for musculoskeletal injuiries - R - I - C - E -
R - Rest; Try to avoid any movements or activites that cause pain, do not move or straighten injured areas or anguulated fractures. Help the person adjust to the most comfortable position until EMS arrives. If one is seen to have injuries to the head, neck or spine, remind the person to stay still and to avoid moving those areas, do not hold the person's head or try to forcibly retrict their movement because this can lead to more complications. I - Immobilize; Keeping the injured part from moving.The injured area should be stablized in the position in which it was found, one can use the ground to provide support to an injured leg, ankle or foot or have the person cradle an injured elbow or arm in a position of comfort.Splint the injured part if the person must be moved or transported by non professional emergency personnel to a medical facility for treatment. C - Cold; Cold helps reduce swelling and helps in easing pain and discomfort. Cold packs can be made by filling plastic bags with ice and water or using frozen vegetables, or one can buy a commercial cold pack. Place a layer of gauze or cloth between the source of cold and the skin to prevent damage to the skin. Leave a cold pack on the injured body part for no longer than 20 minutes. If more cold is needed, remove the cold pack for 20 minutes and reapply a new cold pack for an additional 20 minutes. If the person cannot handle 20 minutes apply a cold pack for periods of 10 minutes.Cold packs should not be applied to open fractures but around the site. E - Elevate; Elevation of the injured area above the level of the heart helps slow the flow of blood, reducing swelling. One should only elevate an injured body part if it does not cause more pain. Do not attempt to elevate seriously injured areas of a limb unless it has been immobilized.
First aid training provides you with information and skills that will allow you to do what?
Recognize and respond to any emergency by knowing how to give care to someone that is injured or suddenly sick until more advanced care can be given.
What can happen to the EMS network during a disaster situation?
The EMS network during a disaster situation can get overwhelmed.
Approximately how much time does a drowning victim-active have before they become submerged?
The drowning victim-active basically has no time before they become submerged, they only have about 20-60 critical seconds
What is the minimum length of time that you should wash your hands before (if possible) and after giving care?
The minimum length of time you should wash your hands for in this situation is 20 seconds.
What are the possible consequences when breathing stops or is restricted long enough?
The possible consequences when breathing stops or is restricted long enough is that the person will become unresponsive and the heart will stop beating and the body systems will quickly fail.
What is the proper rate, or speed of CPR compressions (how many per minute) for all victims?
The proper rate is 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
What is the difference between the purpose of a roller bandage and an elastic roller bandage?
The purpose of a roller bandage is to hold a dressing in place, secure a splint or control external bleeding. The purpose of an elastic roller bandage is to keep continuous pressure on a body part to control swelling or support an injured limb.
How does your textbook recommend caring for a nosebleed?
The textbook reccomends that to stop a nosebleed the person should pinch their nostrils together while sitting with their head slightly forward keeping blood from pooling in the back of the throat which could lead to bleeding and vomiting. The nostrils should be pinched shut for at least 5 minutes if the bleeding has not stopped after 5 minutes keep pinching the nostrils for another 5 minutes. If the bleeding becomes severe or is gushing, call 911 or the designated EMS number.
According to Chapter 3, your top priority in any emergency situation is to ensure what?
The top priority in any emergency situation is to ensure your own safety.
What are the two situations that require us to place the victim in a Recovery Position?
The two situations that require us to place the victim in a Recovery Position is when a person is responsive but not fully awake or unresponsive but breathing normally and if a person with an injury begins to vomit or if it is necessary to leave the person alone to call 911 or the designated emergency number.
What types of situations were these federal disasters?
These situations were floods, wildfires, tornadoes, earthquakes, and blizzards.
6. Why do we check for proper circulation (feeling, warmth and color) before and after splinting?
We check for proper circulation before and after splinting to make sure that the splint is not too tight.
Is unconsciousness ALWAYS a life-threatening emergency, for which you should call 911?
Yes unconsciousness is always a life-threatening emergency for which you should call 911. The arrival of EMS personnel increases the person's chances of surviving a life-threatening emergency.
Gather additional information about the nature of the person's injury or illness by doing what 2 things?
You can gather additional information about the nature of the person's injury or illness by interviewing the person and checking them from head to toe.
You must immobilize (or apply a splint) a musculoskeletal injury before you do what to the person?
You must immobilize or apply a splint in a musculoskeletal injury before moving the injured person or giving additional care such as applying cold or elevating the injured extremity.
What is the most significant difference between the care for a minor external bleeding wound and one that is bleeding severely?
You should call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately
How long should you check for breathing when a person appears to be unresponsive? (see page 76)
You should check for breathing when a person appears to be unresponsive for no more than 5 to 10 seconds.
Once we have called 911 (or sent a bystander to call) for an unconscious victim, we should check the victim for what other major thing?
You should check for responsiveness by looking at the victims face and chest for signs of normal breathing.
If you are unwilling to perform full CPR (which includes rescue breaths), what should you do to give the victim the best chance for survival (after you have called 911 of course)?
You should give the victim Compression-Only CPR by giving only continuous chest compressions with no rescue breaths.
Before checking a responsive person, what 2 things should you say to them?
You should introduce yourself and get consent to give care.
During the CHECK step, if the person appears to be unresponsive, what 3 things should you do?
You should shout using the person's name, if there is no response tap the person's shoulder (or foot if it is an infant) and shout again while observing for normal breathing.
How long can your brain go without oxygen before brain damage is POSSIBLE? (from the chart on page 114 in your textbook) .
Your brain can go up to 4 minutes before brain damage is possible. Once you hit 4-6 minutes brain damage is possible.
When possible, begin your check of a child where - at the head or at the toes? Why?
Your check of a child should begin at the toes because checking this way is less threatening to the child or infant and allows them to watch what is going on and take part in it.
You have two major priorities in caring for the newborn - what are they?
Your first priority is to see that the newborn's airway is open and clear. The second priority is to maintain normal body temperature.
Match each type of wound with the appropriate care (use each letter only once). a. A major open wound b. A minor open wound c. A major open wound with an embedded object d. A severed body part : Cover with dressing and pressure bandage : Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water : Wrap the part and place it in a plastic bag, and then in ice and water slurry : Use bulky dressings to stabilize
a. A major open wound b. A minor open wound c. A major open wound with an embedded object d. A severed body part A: Cover with dressing and pressure bandage B: Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water D: Wrap the part and place it in a plastic bag, and then in ice and water slurry C: Use bulky dressings to stabilize
There are 4 conditions necessary for a pathogen to spread - all 4 conditions must be met. What are these 4 conditions?
a. A pathogen is present b. There is sufficient quantity of the pathogen present to cause disease c. A person is susceptible to the pathogen d. The pathogen passes through the correct entry site (through the mouth, eyes, and other mucous membranes or skin pierced or broken by cuts, bites, abrasions, and sharp objects)
Write the steps to care for the following types of open wounds: Note - Abrasion is a minor open wound, the rest are major open wounds a. Abrasion b. Laceration c. Avulsion d. Amputation and care for the severed body part e. Embedded/Impaled Object
a. Abrasion - a. Use a barrier between your hand and the wound and put on latex-free gloves and place a sterile dressing on the wound. Apply direct pressure for a few minutes to control any bleeding. Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water and gently dry with clean gauze. Cover the wound with a clean dressing and a bandaged to keep the wound moist and prevent drying. Apply an antibiotic ointment or wound gel to the dressing or bandage first if the person has no known allergies or sensitivities to the medication, don't apply it directly to the wound. Wash your hands immediately after giving care. b. Laceration - a. Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and put on disposable latex free gloves. Control external bleeding by covering the wound with a dressing and press firmly against the wound with a gloved hand until the bleeding stops. Apply a pressure bandage over the dressing to maintain pressure on the wound and to hold the dressing into place. Reapply manual direct pressure with greater force if the blood soaks through the original bandage and check that you are applying pressure in the proper location. If bleeding continues, consider alternative techniques for hemorrhage control, such as a tourniquet or hemostatic dressing combined with direct pressure. Observe the person closely for signs that may indicate that the person is developing shock. Take steps to minimize shock, and have them lie down flat on their back and keep them from getting chilled or overheated. Have the person rest comfortably and reassure them. Wash your hands immediately after giving care even if you wore gloves. c. Avulsion - a. Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and put on disposable latex free gloves. Control external bleeding by covering the wound with a dressing and press firmly against the wound with a gloved hand until the bleeding stops. Apply a pressure bandage over the dressing to maintain pressure on the wound and to hold the dressing into place. Reapply manual direct pressure with greater force if the blood soaks through the original bandage and check that you are applying pressure in the proper location. If bleeding continues, consider alternative techniques for hemorrhage control, such as a tourniquet or hemostatic dressing combined with direct pressure. Observe the person closely for signs that may indicate that the person is developing shock. Take steps to minimize shock, and have them lie down flat on their back and keep them from getting chilled or overheated. Have the person rest comfortably and reassure them. Wash your hands immediately after giving care even if you wore gloves. d. Amputation and care for the severed body part - a. Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and put on disposable latex free gloves. Control external bleeding by covering the wound with a dressing and press firmly against the wound with a gloved hand until the bleeding stops. Apply a pressure bandage over the dressing to maintain pressure on the wound and to hold the dressing into place. Reapply manual direct pressure with greater force if the blood soaks through the original bandage and check that you are applying pressure in the proper location. After controlling external bleeding locate and care for the severed body part. First, wrap the severed body part in sterile gauze or any clean material like a washcloth and moisten it with sterile saline if available. Then place the wrapped part in a sealable plastic bag or container and label it with a person's name and the time and date it was placed in the bag. Keep the bag cool by placing it in a larger bag or container of an ice and water slurry. Make sure the bag or container is transported to the medical facility by EMS personnel with the injured person. e. Embedded/Impaled Object - a. Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and put on disposable latex-free gloves. Place several dressing around the object to begin to control blood loss, and then pack bulk dressings or roller bandages around the embedded object to keep it from moving. Bandage the bulk dressings or roller bandages in place around the object. Monitor the person for signs and symptoms of shock and wash your hands immediately after giving care.
Write a description of the following types of open wounds: a. Abrasion b. Laceration c. Avulsion d. Amputation e. Embedded/Impaled Object
a. Abrasion - Most common type of open wound that is characterized by skin that has been rubbed or scraped away. b. Laceration - a cut which may have jagged or smooth edges. It is commonly caused by sharp edged objects. c. Avulsion - is a serious injury in which a portion of the skin and sometimes other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away. Bleeding is significant when one has an avulsion because it often involves deeper soft tissue layers d. Amputation - When a body part is severed. e. Embedded/Impaled Object - An object that remains in the open wound
If you are alone, once you have turned on the AED, you should: a. Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm b. Check for movement and breathing c. Give abdominal thrusts d. Give chest compressions
a. Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm
Describe the 4 ways that the body produces heat and stays warm -
a. By physical activity b. By shivering, the motion of the shivering increases body heat due to movement c. By constricting blood vessels close to the skin, this keeps the warmer blood near the center of the body d. By being a byproduct of metabolism
If you are exposed to blood or body fluids of a victim while providing care, what three steps should you take -
a. Clean the contaminated area thoroughly with soap and water b. Flush splashes of blood or OPIM in the mouth or nose with water c..If the eyes are involved, irrigate with clean water, saline or sterile irrigants for 20 minutes
. List the appropriate first aid care steps that are unique for each of the following sudden illnesses (should include more than just calling 911): A. fainting B. Diabetic Emergencies C. Seizures D. Febrile Seizure E. Stroke
a. Fainting: First, if you see the individual with symptoms of fainting reach the person as they start to collapse by lowering them to the ground or a flat surface. Position the person lying flat on their back and raise their legs 12 inches or more with a pillow or folded clothes to improve symptoms of light-headedness but only if the movement does not cause pain or if there is no evidence of injury. Loosen any tight or restrictive clothing and check that the person is breathing normally.If the individual vomits, roll them onto their side in a recovery position. If you are unsure of the person's condition once they are responsive or if the person complains of continued light-headedness, palpitations, chest pain or if moving is painful keep them lying flat and call 911 or the designated emergency number. Make sure to not give the individual anything to eat or drink and do not slap the person or splash water on their face. If you do not call for help make sure a bystander or a family member takes the person to a healthcare provider or emergency department for futher analysis to see if there is a link to a more serious condition. b. Diabetic Emergencies: If the diabetic person is awake, can follow simple commands and is able to swallow and advise you that they need sugar give them 15 to 20 grams of sugar in the form of either 3 to 4 glucose tablets, a handful of candies containing sucrose or glucose that can be chewed, 8 ounces of milk, a non-diet soft drink, fruit strips or 4 to 5 teaspons of table sugar dissolved in a glass of water or juice. If symptoms persist for more than 10-15 minutes repeat the administration of sugar and call 911 or the designated emergency number. If one has a glucagon kit use it only when the person is unresponsive or has lost the ability to swallow. Always call 911: If the person is unresponsive and breathing normally or responsive but not fully awake, in this case so not give the person anything by mouth, care for the person the same way you would care for an unresponsive person. The person is awake but unable to swallow or follow simple commands and in this case do not put anything in their mouth The person does not feel better within 10-15 minutes after taking sugar You cannot find any form of sugar immediately c. Seizures: Protect the person from injury and manage their airway. To help them avoid injury move nearby objects away from the person. Do not place anything in their mouth to prevent injury from biting their tounge or cheeks because this rarely happens. Do not put fingers into the mouth of the person to clear the airway during a seizure. Place the person on their side in a recovery position so that fluids can drain from the mouth until they are awake and alert. Check to see if the person was injured during the seizure. Offer comfort and reassurance to the person and keep bystanders away to provide maximum privacy and stay with the person until they are fully awake and aware of their surroundings. Call 911 in the cases where advanced medical care should be provided, if a person has a medical history of seizures that are medically controlled there may be no need for medical assistance. d. Febrile seizure: Call 911! Immediately after a febrile seizure, cool the body by removing excess clothing. Contact a healthcare provider before administering any medication, such as acetaminophen to control the fever. Do not give aspirin to a feverish child under 18 years old or an infant because this has been linked to Reye's Syndrome. e. Stroke: Call 911 or the designated number immediately if you see someone that is having or has had a stroke or if they had a mini stroke. Make sure to note the time of onset of the signs and symptoms if witnessed or the last time the person was known to be well and report it to the 911 care taker or EMS personnel when they arrive. If the person is unresponsive make sure that they have an open airway and care for any life threatening conditions. If fluid or vomit is in the person's mouth put them in a recovery position, if necessary remove some fluids or vomit from the mouth by using one of your fingers and stay with the person and monitor their breathing and for changes in their condition. If the person is awake check for non-life threatening conditions and offer comfort and reassurance to the person, have the person rest in a comfortable position and do not give them anything to eat or drink.
When acting as a lay responder, your first step in an emergency is to recognize that an emergency exists. To help you learnt to do this, think about where you live or work or spend a great deal of time. For each term below, give me an example that might occur in YOUR home or workplace that would help you recognize that an emergency situation exists: *Unusual noise, sight, odor, behavior
a. Unusual Noise - Screaming/ yelling b. Unusual Sight - Fire or Smoke c. Unusual Odor - Smell of gas or smoke d. Unusual Behavior - Trouble breathing/ uncharacteristic skin color * The situation I am explaining is a fire in a house
4. Write the definition or a description for each type of injury - a. Closed-Fracture b. Open-Fracture c. Dislocation d. Sprain e. Strain
a.Closed-Fracture-A fracture that leaves the skin unbroken and is more common than an open fracture b. Open-Fracture- A fracture that occurs when the skin over the fracture site is broken c. Dislocation- Displacement of a bone or separation from its normal position at a joint d. Sprain- Injury that results from the partial or complete tearing or stretching of ligaments and other tissues at a joint. e. Strain- Injury that stretches and tears muscle fibers or tendons. It can also be called a muscle pull or a tear and they often result from overextension.
In an unconscious adult, you may detect an irregular, gasping or shallow breath known as ..? If you detect this, is the victim breathing normally
agonal breathing; No, if one detects agonal breathing it is not considered to be normal breathing
You should care for victims of substance abuse or misuse using the same general principles recommended for victims of
any poisoning (normally an ingested poison)
How deep are compressions on an adult victim? How deep are compressions on a child How deep are compressions on an infant?
at least 2 inches, about 2 inches, about 1/2 inches
When giving a rescue breath during CPR, each breath should last about how long, on victims of ALL ages? a. 1/2 second b. 1 second c. 3 seconds d. 4 seconds
b. 1 second
You are playing soccer when a player on the other team falls, breaking his fall with an outstretched hand. When he gets up, the player is holding his left arm close to his body and is complaining of shoulder pain. How would you initially care for this suspected shoulder injury? a. Check for feeling, warmth and color in the victim's right hand b. Allow the victim to continue holding his arm in a position of comfort c. Have the victim lift his arm so that you can add padding underneath it before you splint the shoulder d. Splint the lower arm and wrist to prevent shoulder movement
b. Allow the victim to continue holding his arm in a position of comfort
Why is it important to question a family member, if present, while caring for an older adult? a. Because the elderly person may not understand your questions b. Because you need to determine if any signals you are seeing are part of a previous injury or condition the victim may already have c. Because an elderly person is likely to lie about his or her condition to avoid a hospital bill d. Because you may need a family member to help move the person if it becomes necessary
b. Because you need to determine if any signals you are seeing are part of a previous injury or condition the victim may already have
A small child in a car seat is in an automobile collision. How would you check the child? a. Remove the child from the car seat before checking them for injuries b. Check the child while the child is in the car seat, if possible c. Ask any relative of the child who is on the scene to remove the child from the seat d. Wait until EMS personnel arrive
b. Check the child while the child is in the car seat, if possible
You are applying a rigid splint to an injured wrist that is NOT bleeding. Which of the following would be most important to do before and after applying the splint? a. Appling padding to the splint b. Checking the fingers for feeling, warmth and color c. Supporting the injury with a sling d. Getting the person's consent
b. Checking the fingers for feeling, warmth and color
Heat-related illnesses include the following: a. Fainting and hyperglycemia b. Exercise-associated muscle cramps, exertional heat exhaustion and heat stroke c. Exercise-associated muscle cramps, stroke and insulin-shock d. Hypoglycemia and sunstroke
b. Exercise-associated muscle cramps, exertional heat exhaustion and heat stroke
You are conducting the head-to-toe check on a responsive person who is complaining of a leg injury. What should you do first? a. Check the person's injured leg first b. Get consent to give care before beginning the head to toe exam c. Check to see if the person can bend the knee of the injured leg without pain d. All of the above
b. Get consent to give care before beginning the head to toe exam
The Check step in Check—Call—Care is a check for safety and a check for— a. An open airway. b. Unresponsiveness (or unconsciousness)and breathing c. Choking d. A pulse
b. Unresponsiveness (or unconsciousness)and breathing
The best way to reduce the risk of disease transmission between you and a victim is to: a. Disinfect all surfaces and body parts before touching them. b. Use personal protective equipment to avoid contact with the victim's blood or body fluids whenever possible c. Never eat when performing CPR - small sips of water are okay d. Wash your hands with soap and water 20 minutes before giving care
b. Use personal protective equipment to avoid contact with the victim's blood or body fluids whenever possible
About how many cycles of CPR should you do in 2 minutes (on all ages) a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. 7
c. 5
What is your primary concern when caring for an injury to the mouth or neck? a. Infection b. Loss of balance c. Airway obstruction d. Scarring
c. Airway obstruction
Give an example of a type of injury for which you would use each type of splint. This will require you to read more of the Chapter than pages 202-203. Soft, Anatomic, Rigid
c. Ankle & Foot Injury (from stepping down from a height like a curb or step) - Soft splint d. Lower Leg Injury - Anatomic Splint e. Broken Fingers, back hand or wrist injuries - Rigid splint
In general, you should elevate a suspected musculoskeletal injury above the level of the heart. However, you should NOT elevate an injury if: a. Ice has first been applied to help reduce swelling b. A victim has full feeling in the extremity beyond the injury c. It causes additional pain to the victim d. The victim is having trouble walking or breathing
c. It causes additional pain to the victim
Why is it important to follow the links in the Cardiac Chain of Survival? a. If EMS is called, additional care may not be necessary b. CPR prevents heart attacks c. It helps improve the chance of survival d. With early CPR, most cardiac arrest victims do not need defibrillation
c. It helps improve the chance of survival
Which of the following would be most appropriate to do when removing a bee stinger from a person's skin? a. Use the point of a knife to gouge out the stinger b. Use a match to burn the stinger off c. Scrape the stinger away from the skin with the edge of a plastic card d. Grab the stinger with your gloved fingers and pull upward
c. Scrape the stinger away from the skin with the edge of a plastic card
Which of the following would be best to use to immobilize an ankle or foot injury? a. Sling b. Rigid splint c. Soft splint d. Anatomic splint
c. Soft splint
The AED pads for adults should normally be placed on: a. The upper left chest and the lower right sides of the chest b. The chest and stomach of the person's torso c. The upper right chest and the lower left side of the chest d. The upper right and upper left chest
c. The upper right chest and the lower left side of the chest
Which of the following situations indicate that a victim of any age needs CPR? a. They are coughing forcefully b. They are awake and choking c. They are not breathing d. They are awake and breathing
c. They are not breathing
The cycle of chest compressions and rescue breaths on victims of ALL ages in CPR is: a. 15 chest compressions for every 1 rescue breath b. 15 chest compressions for every 2 rescue breaths c. 30 chest compressions for every 1 rescue breath d. 30 chest compressions for every 2 rescue breaths
d. 30 chest compressions for every 2 rescue breaths
The body cavity in which organs are the most vulnerable to injury because of a lack of protection from surrounding bones is the— a. Spinal cavity. b. Pelvic cavity. c. Thoracic cavity. d. Abdominal cavity.
d. Abdominal cavity.
. Effective chest compressions: a. Allow the chest to return to its normal position b. Are delivered fast, between 100 and 120 compressions per minute c. Are smooth, regular and given straight up and down d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Cardiovascular disease, which causes coronary heart disease (CHD) is - a. The number one killer in the U.S. b. Also called coronary artery disease c. Can cause diseases of other blood vessels, which can cause strokes d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Causes of cardiac arrest in children include: a. Airway or breathing problems b. Poisonings c. Traumatic injuries d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Why is it important to stand clear and not touch the person while the AED is analyzing or defibrillating: a. The AED will turn itself off b. You or someone else could be injured by the shock c. You might prevent the AED from analyzing the heart rhythm properly d. Both b and c
d. Both b and c
Which of the following is a signal of a serious head, neck or back injury? a. Impaired hearing b. An irregular heartbeat c. Elevated body temperature d. Changes in the level of consciousness
d. Changes in the level of consciousness
You have determined that the situation requires you to move an unresponsive person with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury to provide proper care. What emergency move would be most appropriate to use? a. Two-person seat carry b. Pack-strap carry c. Ankle drag d. Clothes drag
d. Clothes drag
Which of the following identifies the progression that heat-related illnesses can follow from least to most severe? a. Exertional heat exhaustion, exercise-associated muscle cramps, heat stroke b. Exercise-associated muscle cramps, heat stroke, heat exhaustion c. Exertional heat-exhaustion, heat stroke, exercise-associated muscle cramps d. Exercise-associated muscle cramps, exertional heat exhaustion, heat stroke
d. Exercise-associated muscle cramps, exertional heat exhaustion, heat stroke
How should you care for someone with minor frostbite on the fingers? a. Massage their hands vigorously b. Immerse their hands in hot water c. Have the person shake their hands vigorously until feeling is restored d. Get the person to a warm environment and then rewarm their hands using skin-to-skin contact
d. Get the person to a warm environment and then rewarm their hands using skin-to-skin contact
You are playing soccer when a player on the other team falls, breaking their fall with an outstretched arm. When the player gets up, they are holding their left arm close to their body and are complaining of shoulder pain. How would you initially give care for this suspected shoulder injury? a. Have the person raise their left arm so you can pad the underneath area before splinting b. Check for feeling, warmth and color c. Splint the upper arm to prevent shoulder movement d. Have the person continue holding their left arm close to their body
d. Have the person continue holding their left arm close to their body
After checking an adult for responsiveness, you find that they are responsive, but not fully awake. Which of the following would you do if you had to leave them to call 911 or the designated emergency number? a. Place them in a supine position b. Place them in a prone position c. Place them in a Fowler's position d. Place them in a side-lying recovery position
d. Place them in a side-lying recovery position
A student was playing a sport in gym class. She forgot, however, to remove a pair of large hoop earrings she was wearing. During the game, an earring was caught in another player's finger and the girl suffered a completely avulsed earlobe. How would you care for the avulsed lobe? a. Wrap the earlobe in a clean dressing and place it in warm water. b. Wrap the earlobe in a clean dressing and place it directly on ice. c. Wrap the earlobe in a clean dressing and keep it at body temperature. d. Wrap the earlobe in a clean dressing, place it in a plastic bag and keep it on ice.
d. Wrap the earlobe in a clean dressing, place it in a plastic bag and keep it on ice.
Which statement is true about an unresponsive person and giving care to them? a. The person can only receive care if they are an infant or a child b. Only emergency medical system personnel can give care c. Because they are unresponsive, you do not have consent to care for the person d. You assume the person gives consent for care.
d. You assume the person gives consent for care.
Standard precautions are which? a. Safety measures taken to prevent exposure to blood and OPIM b. Considering ALL body fluids and substances as infectious c. Include practicing personal hygiene, using PPE and properly cleaning contaminated surfaces d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Each year, nearly 2 million Americans suffer a head, neck or spinal injury serious enough to require medical care. Most of those injuries are to ____ (gender) between the ages of ___ and ____years old.
males; 15 and 30 years old
When giving rescue breaths, avoid blowing too forcefully or giving too large of a breath, because it can cause the air to enter the ___ causing the victim to __
persons stomach, vomit
These tissues connect muscles to bones - A ____ is formed by the ends of two or more bones coming together at one place, and these are held together by tough, fibrous connective tissue called ___
tendons joint ligaments