Quiz Answers
The following type of vote is permitted by the consensus process
"Fist-to-five" (aka quality) vote
According to Richard's "Engineering Design Primer," this formula estimates the duration of actual projects well. (here "o", "p", and "m" stand for optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely.)
(o + 3m + 2p)/6
Level-zero (L-0) decomposition of a system typically comprises that many functional elements
1
1-unit lecture requires an out-side-of-class effort of at least that many hours per week ...
2 hours
According to G. Bothun, that much water resource is being used to produce 0.5L of bottled water:
35L
Archie Carroll's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Pyramid has that many levels
4 (From Low to High: Economic, Legal, Ethical, Philanthropic)
Kohlberg defines that many stages in the moral development of an individual.
6 stages Three Levels Level 1: preconventional - Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation - Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange Level 2: conventional - Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships - Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order Level 3: postconventional - Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights - Stage 6: Universal Principles
According to Richard's "Engineering Design Primer", each task in the WBS should not exceed this duration.
80 hrs
The inventor of TRIZ, Genrich Altshuller a patent investigator, studied 200,000 patents and concluded that this percentage of new inventions is based on known principles:
98%
Conversion is a common system function. This converter type is subject to quantization noise.
Analog-to-digital converter
This Compliance Method is used to verify the reliability of a product without the use of destructive testing:
Analysis
A person on a team is called a "strategic dissenter" when they are
Appointed to play 'Devil's advocate'
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a mathematical approach for doing this
Assign weights to criteria
The systematic comparison of one's own products or processes with those of other companies is called:
Benchmarking
"There is a fundamental problem with the core of the proposal that has not been resolved. We need to look for a new proposal." In a consensus-seeking discussion such a position would qualify as:
Block
These are some tools for divergent thinking (mark all that apply)
Brainstorm, Mind Mapping, SCAMPER, 635 Method, TRIZ
In their book "Absolute Essentials of Business Ethics", the authors examine the operation of various business entities. These are some institutions whose practices are perceived ethical
COSTCO Nehemiah Barefoot College
Tom Kelly, in his 3 min. video, uses this example to demonstrate the importance of 'field observation':
Children tooth brush
These are some of the characteristics of a team (mark all that apply)
Collective Work Products Runs open-ended discussions and problem-solving meetings Temporary organizational structure
A system functional element identified during partial function decomposition implements as a Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) component. The functional element exhibits this property.
Commonality
The "Vee" model of system engineering typically covers the following stages of a system/product life cycle
Concept, development, Exploratory Research
The EE460/1/2 senior design sequence typically covers the following stages of a system/product life cycle
Concept, development, Exploratory Research
Decision-making by delegation relates closely to this decision-making strategy:
Consultative
Among the listed ethical frameworks, this one is the closes to the so-called rules-based ethics:
Contractarianism
Deontological frameworks focus on the obligation or duty of the individual in order to determine whether the actions by the individual are right or wrong. These are some of the ethical frameworks that fall into this category
Contractarianism and Existentialism
Kano's model is a questionnaire that ranks the desired features of a product (or service) using these two dimensions:
Customer Satisfaction and Degree of Achievement
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) has the following dominant flow:
Data
Priority encoding has the following dominant flow:
Data
Display is a function (verb) most likely associated with this functional category:
Data Elements
When resolving a personal conflict it is important to
Encourage a dialog offer alternatives that work for you Accept the possibility that the solution involves a compromise
In the House of Quality, customer requirements are often called Customer Attributes (CA). The CAs include input derived from
End-user and Vendors
Torque and thrust are words most often associated with this functional category:
Energy Elements
This category of items in the House of Quality receives 'target values'.
Engineering Characterisics
An estimated 70% of contaminated waste sites are located in low-income neighborhoods and upwards of 2 million Americans live within a mile of sites that are vulnerable to flooding — the majority of which are in Black and brown communities. This is an example of:
Environmental Injustice
These are all appropriate strategies that help a group avoid bias and group-think
Express comments as suggestions (in comparison to a mandate), collect opinions independently, Reduce Group Size
A single-person project cannot have a schedule that creates floats.
False
A system consists of 8 functional elements and 30 element-to-element connections. The functional elements have high cohesion.
False
A well-developed project plan favors slippage over float because the existence of floats implies the under-unitization of resources.
False
All stakeholders (of a project) are interested in the successful completion of a project
False
All stakeholders of a project benefit financially (directly or indirectly) from the project.
False
An aluminum can has lower embodied energy than a plastic bottle with the same capacity.
False
An important step to achieving team cohesion is assimilation.
False
Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) Trees are not concerned with the verifiability of product specifications.
False
Derived requirements are to be avoided because they lack traceability.
False
Each functional element identified during partial function decomposition has only one embodiment.
False
Every stakeholder of a project conducted by a company is also a shareholder of the same company
False
For the best decision-making outcome single divergent phase followed by a single convergent phase is recommended.
False
Having a Code of Ethics document ensures no illegal or unethical practices.
False
In a functional decomposition, one needs to capture the Dominant Flow ONLY.
False
In relation to decision-making, consensus and consent are synonymous.
False
In the design process brainstorming always precedes partial function decomposition.
False
Items with 'zero activity", such as waiting for parts to arrive, need not be included on the EE460 Gantt chart.
False
Producing products overseas reduces their embodied energy.
False
Recent studies show that it takes less than 3 years for a solar panel to offset its "embodied energy." This means PV are a sustainable product.
False
Since students do not receive salaries, EE 460 projects only need to account for the cost of materials.
False
The 635 method supports convergent thinking.
False
The CSR Pyramid suggests that anything legal is also ethical.
False
The CTQ Drivers have the property of being verifiable.
False
The House of Quality does NOT include information about competing products.
False
The House of Quality is an integral part of a Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) tree.
False
The Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) uses activity-on-node (AON) diagramming.
False
The embodied energy in a typical passenger car exceeds the energy of its 'use phase'.
False
The enclosure is NOT a functional element.
False
To produce a meaningful Gantt chart one must use specialized software.
False
The 3 pillars of sustainability are Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
False (economic viability, environmental protection and social equity)
These two methods are commonly used to identify the root cause of problems customers need resolving
Field Observations and 5 Whys Questions
These are a few of the 4 stages of team development (mark all that apply)
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing (Conforming is the real one)
Describe the Value Pyramid
From Bottom to Top: Functional, Emotional, Life-changing, Social Impact
Describe Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
From Bottom to top: Physiological needs, Safety needs, Belonging and Love Needs, Self Esteem Needs, Self-actualization needs
Archie Carroll's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Pyramid has this responsibility at its foundation:
From Low to High: Economic, Legal, Ethical, Philanthropic
Descibe Carroll's Social Responsibility Pyramid
From Low to High: Economic, Legal, Ethical, Philanthropic
One needs a complete set of THESE engineering specifications to adequately describe a functional element.
Functional and Interference
Dwayne Phillips, in his short chapter on system requirements, provides definitions for the following categories of requirements
Functional and Non-Functional
According to Richard's "Engineering Design Primer," this tool was used during the construction of Hoover Dam
Gantt Chart
The Gantt chart has the following deficiencies when compared to the Critical Path Method.
Gets cumbersome when a large number of dependencies are present; The floats are not apparent;
In the House of Quality the Engineering Characteristics (EC) are sometimes called:
HOWs
Cal Poly Institutional approval of projects is needed when concern exist with these requirements:
Human-factor Requirements
Requirements that address health, well-being and satisfaction classify as:
Human-factor Requirements
Descrbe the Power Triangle
I have no clue, I sure hope he doesn't put it on :)
In their book "Absolute Essentials of Business Ethics", the authors speak of an ethical cycle that contains six components: moral problem statement, problem analysis, options for actions, ethical judgment, reflection, and morally acceptable action. The ethical cycle is closely related to this acronym:
ICARE Identify relevant facts Consider the Alternative courses of action Rate the various alternatives in terms of moral criteria Enact a decision based on rating
In addition to schedules and resource allocation, project planning also deals with risk reduction and mitigation. You could address the risks using the following (mark all that apply).
Identify equipment needed during EE460 and discuss availability with your EE 461/2 advisor. Prototype and test critical portions early and plan for 2 iterations of a design-build-test. After PMA, explore not only the winning concept but also the runner-up;
The efficiency of California electric energy grid ranks
In the bottom 10 in the nation
Unequal level of influence within a team might indicate (mark all that apply)
Inadequate assimilation Inadequate inclusion Lack of Trust
This category of functional elements is subject to the Shannon-Hartley theorem
Information Elements
EE460, EE461, EE462 models with a 4-phase generic project life cycle. During EE460 you will complete these phases (mark all that apply)
Initiation and Planning
Students argue they do not need to perform functional decomposition b/c their project involves writing software for image processing. How should the EE460 instructor respond; select the two best responses.
Interesting. Are you familiar with the term "pseudocode"? Have you used a flowchart to represent an algorithm before? Your system has a dominant data flow. The overall system function seems complex; to flash out the algorithm, functional decomposition is appropriate.
Requirements that define how the system is required to interact with external systems including humans are called:
Interface requirements
This tool can be used to rank and prioritize product or service features.
Kano's model
This product has over 70% recycling rate (in the US).
Lead-acid batteries
Almquist-Senior-Bloch "Elements of Value" relates to this framework structure:
Maslow's Pyramid of needs
These categories of functional elements are subject to conservation laws (mark all that apply)
Material Elements and Energy Elements
Among the five S.M.A.R.T. properties the one (nearly) synonymous to verifiable is:
Measurable
The House of Quality, a.k.a. Quality Function Deployment (QFD), originated within this company:
Mitsubishi
These are some of the rules of Brainstorming (mark all that apply)
No immediate judgement or analysis, Clearly identified problem to solve, Document all ideas, and Build on the ideas of others
Requirements such as portability, reliability, transportability, and other 'ilities' are typically classified as:
Non-Functional Requirements
Weight, physical dimensions, and aspect ratio impact transportability of a product. Such requirements are therefore classified as:
Non-Functional Requirements
Modern nanomaterials and composites are favored for their
Performance Characteristics
Photo-voltaic Systems should NOT be called a 'green technology' because of issues related to these stages of their life cycle:
Production and Retirement
The so-called Product Requirements Document (PRD) is a key deliverable associated with this part ('leg') of the "Vee" model:
Project definition
This convergent thinking tool requires explicitly stated criteria:
Pugh Matrix Analysis (PMA)
These are some tools for convergent thinking
Pugh Matrix Analysis, Multiple Voting, Gantt Chart
Describe the Iron Triangle
Quality is affected by Time, Scope, and Costs
According to ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 a well-formed system requirement must be traceable. The traceability relates most closely to this property in the S.M.A.R.T. acronym:
Relevant
To determine the robustness of a decision based on a Pugh matrix, S. Burge recommends you do this (mark all that apply)
Remove criteria and Enable (or remove) weighting of criteria
Generic 4-phase System Development life cycle consists of Requirements, Design, Construction, and Implementation. The system fails validation. This phase of the development was executed poorly:
Requirements
Russian-developed TRIZ method for creative problem solving is reminiscent to this method:
SCAMPER
These tools are found useful for practicing creativity.
SCAMPER and TRIZ
The "S" used in a Pugh Matrix stands for:
Same
ABET defines a number of terms including Student Outcomes, Complex Engineering Problems, and Engineering Design. After reading the definition of Engineering Design identify the course sequences you have taken that teach design.
Senior Project
Select the appropriate word so that the following sentence is correct. "The tenets of agency theory are that managers are legally required to make decisions that best serve the needs and wants of the ( .... )"
Shareholders
Teleological frameworks examine the results of the ethical or unethical conduct of an individual. These are some of the frameworks that fall into this category
Sidgwick's dualism and Ethical Egoism
This category of functional elements is subject to the Nyquist Noise theorem :
Signal Elements
The acronym S.M.A.R.T. (for project objectives) was introduced by Doran, Miller, and Cunningham in 1981. What does SMART stand for?
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-bound
The so-called Design Verification Plan and Report (DVP&R) is a common deliverable typically associated with this leg of the "Vee" model
Test & integration
Which of the following is harder to change once the project is approved?
The Engineering Specifications
This scenario guarantees your project does not require a review by IRB (mark all that apply)
The advising faculty says so
A system passes the verification phase of the development but fails the validation phase. This means that (mark all that apply):
The performance does not meet customer requirements. The Engineering specs do not reflect customer requirements.
Which of the following network architectures exhibit an almost linear relation between the number of elements and the number of connections
Tree, Line (Cascade), Star, Ring
A well-designed Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) Tree captures the traceability of the specifications.
True
AI and autonomous vehicles give rise to an ethical dilemma similar to the well-known dilemma of the runaway trolley.
True
All graduating students must meet Cal Poly sustainability learning objectives.
True
Applying different frameworks to the same ethical dilemma may produce different outcomes.
True
EE 460/1/2 uses PERT's 3-point formula to produce both duration and cost estimates.
True
Fairtrade certification forbids the selling of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
True
If a functional element is significant, singular, and common its embodiment also has the same properties.
True
Large groups are more likely to make biased decisions than small groups.
True
The "criteria" in the Pugh matrix are typically related to non-functional and performance requirements.
True
The "options" in the Pugh matrix are some of the possible embodiments of partial functions.
True
The House of Quality provides a "common language" for inter-functional teams such as those comprising marketing, design, and manufacturing professionals.
True
The Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT), developed by the US Navy in the 1950s, is a Critical Path Method (CPM).
True
The commonality of a system functional element is an important consideration when the cost is a CTQ driver.
True
The energy required for the transportation of raw materials and finished products factors in the calculation of embodied energy.
True
The existence of a NIMBY implies the existence of environmental injustice.
True
The materials used in alkaline batteries are abundant and non-toxic so presently it is unclear that recycling is better than (landfill) disposal.
True
The requirement states what is required, not how the requirement should be met.
True
The word "just" in "Just sustainability" refers to elements of social justice.
True
To speak of a 'float' one's project must permit parallel execution of work packages.
True
When dealing with signals, one must think of power and energy b/c most signals are conjugate variables of energy.
True
The ability to relate a well-formed system requirement to a customer need is called:
Upwards traceability
These product design and assembly methods exemplify Design for the Environment (DfE) - mark all that apply.
Use of (standard) connectors Fewer number of colors Use of fasteners Labeling of materials
A runaway trolley is heading down the track toward five workers who would be killed if the train keeps its present course. The only way to save the five workers is to pull a switch that would transfer the train to another track which has one worker on it and that worker would die if the train proceeded on this altered path. Pulling the switch is justified by this ethical framework.
Utilitarianism
An electric vehicle is considered a 'green technology' based on the following stage of its life cycle:
Utilization
In the House of Quality the Customer Attributes (CA) are sometimes called:
WHATs
Describe J. Wooden Pyramid of Success
Way too many terms to add
Teams use these approaches to resolve conflicts
Withdrawing, Smoothing, Forcing, Confronting, Compromise
A student lists on their resume they have installed 120VRMS & 240VRMS equipment (fuse boxes, receptacles, etc.) but no certifications are mentioned. Have they violated any IEEE cannons?
Yes they have violated IEEE cannon, specifically 6. to maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent limitations; They said to have installed equipment without the proper certifications.
ABET defines a number of terms including Complex Engineering Problems, Engineering Design, and Student Outcomes. After reading the seven (7) students outcomes (ABET Criterion #3) identify three criteria you are LEAST LIKELY to meet based on course work completed to date.
an ability to apply engineering design to produce solutions that meet specified needs with consideration of public health, safety, and welfare, as well as global, cultural, social, environmental, and economic factors. an ability to recognize ethical and professional responsibilities in engineering situations and make informed judgments, which must consider the impact of engineering solutions in global, economic, environmental, and societal contexts. an ability to function effectively on a team whose members together provide leadership, create a collaborative and inclusive environment, establish goals, plan tasks, and meet objectives.
Level-1 (L-1) decomposition of a system typically comprises that many functional elements:
at least 2
Which of the following is most problematic for SMALL teams?
inadequate diversity
When compared to the life cycle of a project the life cycle of a product is typically:
longer
A person who resorts to "smoothing" as a method of dealing with conflicts ...
prioritizes relationships over the task
When compared to the life cycle of a product the life cycle of a project is typically
shorter and well defined
Which of the following actions helps build team cohesion?
spending time socializing and verbally recognizing the good ideas and contributions of others
Describe the Triple Bottom Line
venn diagram of economic, social, and environmental wellfare
Multiple voting is practiced by large groups and typically allocates each voting member that many votes:
½ of the options presented