Exam 2 Review Questions

Wearing shorts on a hot summer day is a behavior that is established by way of

negative reinforcement.

A problem with schemas is that they can easily:

promote stereotypes.

In this condition, people are unable to distinguish one face from another, but they can recognize other objects.

prosopagnosia

The main difference between the exemplar model and the prototype model is that the prototype model is defined by ________ of the category and the exemplar model is defined by ________ of the category.

the best example; all the examples

In terms of Sternberg's theory of intelligence, an architect who draws blueprints of a standard house is showing ________ intelligence; the contractor who builds the house is showing ________ intelligence.

analytical; practical

Each eye sees more of the world on its own side of the visual field. A combination of the views from the two eyes provides humans with an adaptive advantage by creating a broader panorama of the scene. It also creates the depth cue of:

binocular disparity.

A scientist is studying how cells develop into organs. This process is similar to:

bottom-up processing.

The memory enhancement that occurs when the situations during encoding and recall match is called _____ memory; the memory enhancement that occurs when the internal states during encoding and recall match is called _____ memory.

context-dependent; state-dependent

The minimum amount of change required for a person to detect a difference between two stimuli is referred to as the:

difference threshold.

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while, he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the _____ is the unconditioned stimulus.

fish food

Yolanda has a brain tumor. After the tumor grew to a certain size, she could no longer _____. Yolanda most likely has _____ amnesia.

form new memories; anterograde

Juan and Joseph are opera singers. Juan is a baritone. Joseph is a tenor; his voice is higher-pitched. With respect to their physical properties, the sound waves corresponding to Juan's voice are lower in ________ than those corresponding to Joseph's voice.

frequency

According to levels of processing theory, information that is encoded more deeply is remembered better than information that is encoded less deeply, because information encoded more deeply:

is more meaningful.

When Stewart wakes up at night and has to walk from his bedroom to the bathroom in the dark, he is most directly aided in this process by his:

rods.

You are driving to school when suddenly an ambulance rushes past you with its sirens blaring, shocking you so much that you fear that you might lose control of your car. A minute later, you hear sirens in the distance and increase your vigilance to be prepared for another emergency vehicle on the road. What change has come over your normal reaction to sirens?

sensitization

Memory for items presented at the beginning of a list and at the end of the list is referred to as:

serial position effect.

When our beliefs and expectations influence our sensory experiences this phenomenon is known as:

top-down processing.

A black man and a white man with equal IQ scores are told that the test they are about to take will directly measure their intelligence. If ________ becomes a factor for the black man, he is likely to do ________ on the test than the white man will.

stereotype threat; worse

The ability to respond with an appropriate conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus and with no response to a very similar yet substantially different stimulus is known as:

stimulus discrimination

Navario is refusing to do his homework because he wants to go out to play. His mother tells him he is not allowed to play until his homework is finished. His mother is using:

the Premack principle.

People stop responding to unchanging stimuli because:

unchanging stimuli convey little new information.

Julie is paid based on commission (i.e. after a certain number of sales), so her salary reflects a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

variable ratio