Exceptional Students Practice Test

A 5-year-old student in ESE who is hypertonic with quadriplegic cerebral palsy has limited grasping skills. The student is having difficulty eating with a standard spoon. An appropriate adaptation for the student is a A. swivel-spoon with built-up handle. B. spoon-like fork. C. teacher's aide to spoon-feed the student. D. long-handled spoon.

A - swivel-spoon with built-up handle.

John pulled the fire alarm during lunch at school last week. John is identified as having EBD (Emotional Behavior Disorder). The IEP team is conducting a Manifestation Determination Review. Why is this meeting being held? A. to determine if a student's misbehavior is a result of his disability B. to discuss academic concerns C. to help a student with visual impairments D. to determine a setting in which the student will receive needed services

A - to determine if a student's misbehavior is a result of his disability A Manifestation Determination meeting is held to determine whether a student's misbehavior is a result of is or her disability.

Professionals who are itinerant teachers A. travel between two or more school sites to provide services to students. B. offer knowledge about the entire school community. C. complete work under the direction of teachers. D. help prepare students to leave school for vocational training.

A - travel between two or more school sites to provide services to students. Itinerant teachers travel between two or more school sites to provide services to students.

Following a head injury, a student experiences some paralysis in his tongue and other areas. Resulting in slurred speech and distortions of certain phonemes. Which of the following is the most likely description of his impairment? A. dysarthria B. phonological disorder C. cluttering D. resonance disorder

A - dysarthria Is correct because dysarthria is illustrated by speech impairments such as slurring and distortions as a result of paralysis to the musculature that controls speech.

At which tier is the approach to positive behavior management most proactive? A. first tier B. second tier C. third tier D. fourth tier

A - first tier

Assistive technology must be provided by the school district when it is A. necessary for a student's optimal functioning. B. necessary for a student's appropriate education. C. desired by a student's parents. D. desired by a student.

A - necessary for a student's appropriate education.

A particular assessment reveals that Marisa has performed at the 37th percentile for her age group in reading comprehension. What type of assessment was used? A. norm-referenced B. criterion-referenced C. individual-referenced D. performance-based

A - norm-referenced

A student with an emotional or behavioral disability is enrolled in a general education classroom with consultative services. Behavioral difficulties are escalating and interfering with the student's learning, as well as the learning of others. Another placement is being considered to better meet the student's needs. Choose the next least restrictive placement. A. part-time ESE classroom B. full-time ESE classroom C. self-contained ESE classroom D. self-contained ESE classroom at a special school

A - part-time ESE classroom

Having a classmate of similar background and gender assist a student with learning disabilities in solving both social and academic problems is an example of A. peer tutoring. B. team teaching. C. direct instruction. D. cooperative learning.

A - peer tutoring.

Sally is a student with a traumatic brain injury who sometimes pushes, hits, or otherwise touches other classmates inappropriately. Sally's teacher reminds her at the beginning of a group activity that as long as Sally keeps her hands to herself during the activity, Sally will receive a gold star at the end of class. Assuming that Sally would like to have a gold star, which of the following does the teacher's comment represent? A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. negative punishment

A - positive reinforcement

Jason is a hearing-impaired 10th grader whose biology teacher provides him with written versions of the lectures she delivers in class. What type of accommodation does this scenario illustrate? A. presentation accommodation B. response accommodation C. setting accommodation D. scheduling accommodation

A - presentation accommodation

Poor listening skills have frequently been identified as a receptive language deficit for ESE students. Which of the following pairs of strategies would be most appropriate for a teacher to employ when communicating instructions? A. using short and clear directions; pairing spoken messages with visual stimuli B. using a question-and-answer technique; previewing work sample sheets C. using visual stimuli; reminding students to listen carefully D. using positive reinforcers; modeling by role-playing

A - using short and clear directions; pairing spoken messages with visual stimuli

A school psychologist has reviewed a student's evaluation data with the student's parents and the rest of the staffing committee. The committee has recommended that the student, age 13, is eligible for the program for students with emotional or behavioral disabilities. After the committee writes the goals for the student, what is the next step? A. selecting the least restrictive environment for the student B. requesting the student's parents to present their independent evaluation C. asking the student to express an opinion of the decision D. placing the student in an ESE class

A - selecting the least restrictive environment for the student

Factors to consider while preparing the annual goals section of a student's IEP include the A. severity of the student's disability, attention skills, and special abilities. B. presence of different types of services. C. availability of instruments that can be used to measure student progress. D. competency of the student's teacher and therapy that is available at the school site.

A - severity of the student's disability, attention skills, and special abilities

An IEP team learns from anecdotal reports that a student with both hearing and speech impairments is performing well in some academic and social contexts while struggling in others. What type of assessment is most likely to help the team determine the extent of the student's difficulties and develop a plan of action for him? A. standardized assessment B. ecological assessment C. authentic assessment D. portfolio assessment

B - ecological assessment

According to IDEA, on what grounds can a student be considered eligible for special education and related services? A. evidence that the student is failing or doing very poorly in two or more classes. B. evidence that the student has a disability that impairs academic performance. C. evidence that the student is not achieving his or her potential in school. D. evidence that the student has limited English proficiency due to county of origin.

B - evidence that the student has a disability that impairs academic performance.

A 7-year-old 2nd grader has difficulty remaining on task for more than 5 or 10 minutes at a time. The student's teacher decides to reward the student every 10 minutes when the student remains on task. This is an example of A. intermittent reinforcement. B. fixed-interval reinforcement. C. fixed-ratio reinforcement. D. continuous reinforcement.

B - fixed-interval reinforcement.

Students receive instruction in filling out employment applications and comparing prices for items they might purchase. This is an example of a A. basic skills remediation curriculum. B. functional curriculum. C. work-study curriculum. D. learning-strategies curriculum.

B - functional curriculum

IDEA 2004 and NCLB place more emphasis on assessing all students in attaining the standards, leading to more students being included in a(n) A. resource room. B. general education class. C. ESOL room. D. assessment resource classroom.

B - general education class IDEA 2004 and NCLB include provisions for increasing inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms.

In reviewing the cumulative records for a new student in the middle school ESE program, an ESE teacher notices that the student functions at a 5.5 level in mathematics and a 5.0 level in reading. The other students in the teacher's class function at a lower level. What should be the teacher's first step in meeting the student's current needs? A. placing the student in a general education classroom for mathematics and language arts instruction B. performing diagnostic teaching to determine the appropriate instruction for the student C. assigning the student to the same reading and mathematics groups as the other students in the class so the student does not feel different D. rejecting the student since the student does not have an intellectual disability

B - performing diagnostic teaching to determine the appropriate instruction for the student

Which of the following characteristics is described as one of the symptoms of autism? A. difficulty paying attention in social settings B. resistance to change in daily routines C. lack of interest in mechanical objects D. excessive verbalization with others

B - resistance to change in daily routines

Rob is a student with a disability who belongs to a neighborhood gang. He is involved in an argument with another student in math class. Later that night, Rob attends a school-sponsored basketball game. Other students report that Rob has a knife and is threatening to stab a student he argued with earlier. Rob is removed from the basketball game. Members of the IEP team decide to place Rob at an alternative school for 45 days. Were Rob's rights violated? A. No, the IEP team made the decision to remove Rob, so multiple perspectives were considered. B. No, schools have the right to remove students who bring weapons to school without a hearing. C. Yes, a student with a disability cannot be removed from school for more than 10 days. D. Yes, a manifestation determination hearing must be conducted before Rob can be removed.

B - schools have the right to remove students who bring weapons to school without a hearing. Schools do have a right to remove students who bring a weapon to school. Manifestation determination hs to do with the relationship between the child's behavior and disability.

In terms of diagnostic testing for initial placement in ESE, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act requires that A. all students are assessed in social skills. B. the assessment is conducted by a multidisciplinary team or a group of specialists. C. assessments are administered in English. D. the same procedure is always used as the sole criterion for identification.

B - the assessment is conducted by a multidisciplinary team or a group of specialists.

Scaffolding is a support process during which students eventually apply new skills independently. Which of the following statements regarding scaffolding would be most descriptive of students with disabilities? A. Begin with what the students can do. B. Help students achieve success quickly. C. Help students "to be" like everyone else. D. Help students to be independent when they have command of the activity.

C - Help students "to be" like everyone else. If given the opportunity and support, students will most likely work harder at tasks in order to appear more like their peers.

Which of the following groups is responsible for setting annual goals for a student with disabilities? A. teacher support team B. assessment team C. IEP team D. child study team

C - IEP team

According to the requirements of IDEA, which of the following would be an acceptable postsecondary goal for student John? A. With support from his parents, John will develop a considerably more positive outlook on life. B. John will be able to get around town successfully, with very little assistance from friends and family. C. John will join one organization that promotes cycling, one of his favorite leisure activities. D. Before graduation, John will identify a community college to which he may be eligible to apply.

C - John will join one organization that promotes cycling, one of his favorite leisure activities.

In 1997, a revised funding model for Exceptional Student Education was established and is known as A. mental health treatment and services. B. School Medicaid Match. C. Matrix of Services. D. School Readiness Program.

C - Matrix of Services

During the second week of school, a teacher notices that the medication one of her students takes every day for a medical condition impairs the students' energy and concentration, and that as a result, the student needs frequent breaks during instruction and assessment. The teacher feels that the student's low performance on tests administered at the beginning of the year is not indicative of how well the student will function in class, because those tests were administered without breaks. What type of validity is the focus of the teacher's concerns? A. content B. concurrent C. predictive D. construct

C - predictive

A 12th-grade student has been involved for 2 years in ESE community-based instruction and work-experience training at a local dry cleaners. Upon completion of the school year the student will continue to work at the dry cleaners with additional training as needed. This model is called A. job shadowing. B. sheltered work. C. supported employment. D. career education.

C - supported employment

Disproportionality refers to A. the relatively high rate at which students with disabilities are labeled as having a learning disability. B. the underrepresentation of privileged students among those who have been diagnosed with a disability. C. the overrepresentation of students from certain backgrounds among those in special education programs D. the relatively high percentage of assessments that have been found to contain biased items.

C - the overrepresentation of students from certain backgrounds among those in special education programs

Laura is a blind elementary school student who has begun thinking about the kinds of careers that would suit her. Which of the following actions would best promote Laura's growing self-determination? A. encouraging Laura's teacher to use authentic activities when teaching Laura B. asking Laura's parents to discuss careers and career choices with her C. helping Laura develop academic skills that will support her choice of careers. D. inviting Laura to join the IEP team and participate in planning discussions.

D - inviting Laura to join the IEP team and participate in planning discussions.

Consultative services provided by an ESE teacher include A. continuous provisions for part-time placement services. B. coteaching in the general education classroom. C. parent counseling on a regular basis. D. maintaining communication with general education teachers.

E - maintaining communication with general education teachers.

While attending a parent conference, a new ESE teacher explains that a basic classroom expectation is for students in the class to function academically at approximately half the rate of average children. A more experienced ESE teacher, serving as the meeting chairperson, waits until after the meeting to comment to the new teacher. What comment should the more experienced teacher make? A. "It is unwise to give parents rules that, when applied, may lead them to have lower, rather than higher, expectations of their children." B. "It is good to affirm by established rules that most students with exceptionalities are the same and this child is no different." C. "Information that is difficult to interpret into easy-to-apply rules should be condensed." D. "Rules for behavioral expectations should be developed by all exceptional education programs and applied to predict student behavior."

A - "It is unwise to give parents rules that, when applied, may lead them to have lower, rather than higher, expectations of their children."

Information about a twenty-month-old's language delay and steps that will be taken to provide support would be found in an A. Individualized Family Service Plan B. Individualized Education Plan C. Infant Assessment Plan D. Inter-agency Enrichment Plan

A - Individualized Family Service Plan

Jimmy is an emotionally disturbed second-grade student who spends the entire school day in the general education classroom. Jimmy often shouts, cries, and engages in other distracting behaviors when he is frustrated. At the same time, Jimmy is receptive to cueing from the teacher and quickly settles down if he feels that his frustration has been noted. Which of the following is a setting accommodation that would be most suitable for Jimmy when he participates in the state assessment? A. A private room should be make available for Jimmy. B. Jimmy should be allowed to have extended time on the assessment. C. Jimmy should be seated as close as possible to the teacher. D. A scribe should help Jimmy record assessment responses.

A - Jimmy should be seated as close as possible to the teacher.

Which of the following concepts is illustrated by the math teacher who allows a mildly-autistic student to quietly draw and fold paper while the teacher is lecturing, so long as the student appears to learn from the lectures? A. differentiation B. independent practice C. scaffolding D. modeling

A - differentiation

Kristin is a third grade student with an intellectual disability. She has just been placed in Mrs. Smith's third grade class. Students in her class are learning their multiplication facts. Kristin is eager to participate in class but instead of allowing Kristin to do the same activity as the other students, Mrs. Smith gives her a worksheet that she obtained from a colleague who teaches kindergarten. Which of the disadvantages of labeling is exemplified by her actions? A. The label is causing Mrs. Smith to lower her expectations of Kristin's performance. B. The label is being used to address her behavior. C. The label is being used to explain her lack of interaction with peers. D. The label is being used to limit her resources.

A - The label is causing Mrs. Smith to lower her expectations of Kristin's performance.

An ESE teacher taught a 5th-grade ESE class a social skills unit on acceptable classroom behavior. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to document skill maintenance in the students' general education classrooms? A. The students maintain a log documenting their use of each new skill. B. The general education teacher places a poster with the new skill steps in a visible location of the classroom. C. The general education teacher designates students to watch and document each time the students use each skill. D. The school counselor observes the students' use of each new skill in the classroom.

A - The students maintain a log documenting their use of each new skill.

Which of the following best illustrates heterogeneous grouping in a math class? A. The teacher ensures that each group of students consists of one student who scored a grade of A on the previous test, along with one student who scored lower than a grade of C. B. The teacher ensures that each group of students consists of individuals who scored the same letter grade on the previous test. C. The teacher ensures that each group of students consists of one student who scored a grade of B on the previous test. D. The teacher ensures that each group of students is randomly chosen by means of a counting-off procedure.

A - The teacher ensures that each group of students consists of one student who scored a grade of A on the previous test, along with one student who scored lower than a grade of C.

Jane has placed her daughter, Abigail, in the Early Steps program for the past year. Now that she is turning three, she needs to change her current placement. Under IDEA 2004, Part C, what services may be available for Abigail in the school district? A. VPK Education Program B. Individual Education Services C. Hospital Homebound Services D. Vocational Services

A - VPK Education Program Voluntary Pre-Kindergarten (VPK) Programs would be the next step in the progression of services provided following the Early Steps program.

An 11-year-old student attends an inclusive 5th-grade classroom. The student's expressive language skills and reading skills are significantly lower than those of classmates. The student refuses to read from appropriate grade-level books and materials because "They are too hard" or "This stuff doesn't interest me—it's boring." What linguistically sound strategy should the student's teacher use? A. a language experience approach B. a rebus symbol method C. precision teaching D. augmentative communication

A - a language experience approach

Which of the following is not a required part of a behavioral intervention plan? A. a list of all suitable interventions for the student B. a summary of the goals of the proposed intervention C. a description of how intervention results will be evaluated D. a discussion of how intervention results will be communicated to parents

A - a list of all suitable interventions for the student

Which of the following activities would be most suitable for helping to develop students' perspective-taking skills? A. a role play activity during which students take different positions in a debate B. a hands-on activity during which students interpret the meaning of challenging instructions. C. an authentic activity during which students follow recipes to create healthy snacks D. a group activity during which each student summarizes a different reading for the group

A - a role play activity during which students take different positions in a debate

Mrs. Abraham is a member of the Down Syndrome Association and is attending an IEP meeting for John, at the request of his parents. As a member of the IEP team and teacher of exceptional students, Mrs. Andrews is nervous about sharing her evaluations of John in front of the advocate as she is uncertain of Mrs. Abraham's role in the IEP meeting. What type of information can Mrs. Abraham provide at the request of the parents? A. additional resources and services provided by the Down Syndrome Organization B. a decision that this placement is inadequate C. a change in setting for John D. a paraprofessional for John

A - additional resources and services provided by the Down Syndrome Organization

After carefully reviewing a student's reading test, the student's teacher found that the student guesses at words. Which of the following is the most appropriate remedial intervention? A. application of word attack skills B. language experience approach C. perceptual training D. visual tracking training

A - application of word attack skills

Students with disabilities will have detailed planning of their education and related services in a document known as an IEP. Monitoring of these special services must take place A. at an annual review. B. at a three-year reevaluation. C. quarterly. D. No review is necessary.

A - at an annual review. At least once a year, annual goals must be reviewed and the IEP revised or updated. A three-year evaluation is performed when students are reassessed to determine if needs have changed. Quarterly evaluations are a formal communication of student learning progress.

Developmentally appropriate characteristics of an 8-year-old include the ability to A. attend to short tasks, stay seated during teacher instruction, and play cooperatively. B. take turns, display good self-esteem, and seek constant attention. C. raise a hand for attention, define career goals, and be prepared for class. D. complete simple assignments without constant guidance, be echolalic, and run errands.

A - attend to short tasks, stay seated during teacher instruction, and play cooperatively.

Which of the following is the correct ordering of the stages of career development? A. career awareness, career exploration, career preparation, career placement B. career preparation, career placement, career awareness, career exploration C. career placement, career preparation, career exploration, career awareness D. career exploration, career preparation, career placement, career awareness

A - career awareness, career exploration, career preparation, career placement

Which of the following students appears to have a skill deficit? A. A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because he has a hearing impairment and did not realize that she had been talking to him. B. A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because he is unaware of the social convention of responding to people when questioned. C. A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because she is angry with the teacher and wishes to convey his anger indirectly. D. A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because he is distracted by an emotional conflict he is currently experiencing.

B - A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because he is unaware of the social convention of responding to people when questioned.

Which of the following would be the most appropriate description of problem behavior in a functional behavior assessment? A. Juan is an angry young man. B. Juan frequently exhibits verbal hostility toward classmates, and he sometimes gets into physical fights with them. C. Juan feels threatened by his peers and so he often interacts with them in a hostile manner, picking fights with them on occasion. D. Juan responds to criticism from peers with verbal and physical aggression because he has learned these patterns of response from his father.

B - Juan frequently exhibits verbal hostility toward classmates, and he sometimes gets into physical fights with them.

Marla is a ninth grader who is paralyzed from the waist down as the result of a childhood injury. Marla's academic performance in middle school and ninth grade is average in all subjects except for mathematics. Marla has made straight A's in every math class she has taken, and her achievement test scores in mathematics are exemplary. In Marla's first discussions with her IEP team about her postsecondary plans, which of the following is among the points that should be raised by the team? A. Marla should be discouraged from applying to college, in spite of her excellent academic performance in the subject of math, because her overall grade point average is only average. B. Marla should be asked about her interest in practical applications of mathematics, in order to determine whether a career that relies at least to some extent on mathematical skills might appeal to her. C. Marla should be made aware of the fact that relatively few women choose careers in mathematics, and that those who do must be courageous in order to overcome gender discrimination in the field. D. Marla should be complimented on her mathematical performance and encouraged to take more advanced mathematics classes in anticipation of college work in some mathematical field.

B - Marla should be asked about her interest in practical applications of mathematics, in order to determine whether a career that relies at least to some extent on mathematical skills might appeal to her.

Brandon enters the third-grade classroom and begins to stare ahead blankly. He rocks back and forth and makes sounds that are high pitched. When approached by peers he screams and retreats into a corner of the classroom. Brandon has autism. What models of support in accessing the general education curriculum are available for students like Brandon? A. No models of support are available for Brandon to access the general education curriculum. B. Support staff, such as a behavior specialist, ASD specialist, and paraprofessionals, provide collaborative services as well as social and communication skills C. Brandon can access the general education classroom in all special areas, during lunch, and during social events. D. Brandon is placed in a general education classroom and a paraprofessional is provided to assist him daily.

B - The ASD specialist, behavior specialist, and paraprofessionals address the needs of the students with autism.

At the outset of transition planning for a student whose family recently immigrated to the United States from Southeast Asia, the IEP team experiences difficulty communicating with the student's parents owing to both linguistic and cultural differences. The parents attended the first IEP meeting that was convened for the student, and they seemed eager to participate, but they and the team members struggled to understand each other's comments. Which of the following approaches seems most suitable for addressing this problem? A. The IEP team should ask the student to serve as a translator in order to communicate the decisions to the parents. B. The IEP team should ask the school district to provide a translator who can attend IEP meetings. C. The IEP team should ask the parents to bring individuals to IEP meetings who can serve as translators. D. The IEP team should work with the student on developing the best possible transition plan and simply acknowledge that parental feedback will be minimal.

B - The IEP team should ask the school district to provide a translator who can attend IEP meetings.

Mary, a high school sophomore, experienced a traumatic brain injury in childhood that resulted in significant cognitive impairments. Mary is unable to participate in the general education curriculum without substantial modifications to the curriculum and other forms of support, and her ability to learn and apply curricular content does not exceed that of most third graders. When Mary's IEP team conducts its first meeting of the year, which of the following should be one part of the meeting? A. The IEP team should discuss how to support Mary's academic skills this year, with the understanding that instruction in functional skills can be emphasized in subsequent years. B. The IEP team should review the goals for Mary's life following graduation, and evaluate the extent to which progress has been made toward the realization of those goals. C. The IEP team should review Mary's academic progress thus far, and determine how best to prepare her to take the state achievement test without accommodations for her disability. D. The IEP team should discuss the education of students with traumatic brain injury, using Mary's case as a guide for the development of broader principles of instructional support.

B - The IEP team should review the goals for Mary's life following graduation, and evaluate the extent to which progress has been made toward the realization of those goals.

Under which of the following conditions would a functional behavior assessment be legally required for a student with a disability? A. The student exhibits rude and intolerant behavior toward classmates throughout the school year. B. The student commits an act of aggression that would ordinarily result in a two-week suspension. C. The student leaves school early one afternoon with informing anyone of his destination. D. The student complains of diminishing intellectual functioning that impairs his ability to learn.

B - The student commits an act of aggression that would ordinarily result in a two-week suspension.

Maria has a daughter who has developmental delays and has completed the Early Steps program. What type of paperwork is completed after the transition conference? A. Individualized Education Plan B. Transition Plan (Form I of the IFSP-Individualized Family Support Plan) C. Voluntary pre-kindergarten education plan D. Children's Medical Service Plan

B - Transition Plan (Form I of the IFSP-Individualized Family Support Plan) The transition plan (Form I of the IFSP- Individualized Family Support Plan) is the paperwork that needs to be completed after the transition conference. The IFSP is needed for any child with developmental delays who attends the Early Steps program. An Individualized Education Plan is to be completed for students older than five years who are identified as having a disability. Voluntary pre-kindergarten programs do not require specific paperwork. A child's Medical Service Plan is only needed to specify plans for medical issues.

In the word "breaking," what is the "ing"? A. a phoneme B. a morpheme C. a consonant D. a digraph

B - a morpheme Is correct because a morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a word. In this case, "ing" indicates present active tense.

Federal law (IDEA) requires that all students be included in statewide testing. An exception to this law includes A. accommodations in the administration of the statewide assessment. B. a small number of students with significant cognitive disabilities who take the Florida Alternate Assessment. C. some students who work and are not required to perform assessments. D. the end-of-course exams.

B - a small number of students with significant cognitive disabilities who take the Florida Alternate Assessment An exception to the IDEA statewide testing requirement includes a small number of students with significant cognitive disabilities who take the Florida Alternate Assessment. Accommodations in the administration of the statewide assessment, some students who work and are not required to take assessments, and the end-of-course exams are not exceptions to test-taking requirements.

Which of the following students seems to need the most support for self-determination skills? A. a student who prefers to be alone and devises strategies for working in isolation from peers and otherwise avoiding social interaction B. a student who is experiencing anxiety because she has no preferences as to what career she might pursue following graduation C. a student who is unsure which peer to ask for help with a math problem because he cannot tell which one has stronger math skills D. a student who is quite rigid in her decision-making process and rarely revisits her decisions once they have been made

B - a student who is experiencing anxiety because she has no preferences as to what career she might pursue following graduation

When children are taught "The Alphabet Song" (a song in which the letters of the alphabet are sung in order), what do they learn? A. alphabetic principle B. alphabetic knowledge C. phonological awareness D. phonemic awareness

B - alphabetic knowledge As "The Alphabet Song" only teaches children the names and sequence of the letters in the alphabet.

In recording the occurrence of target behaviors for use with a behavior intervention program, it is essential that each behavior be exactly defined in observable terms. This will enable the recorder to A. decide if a class change is necessary. B. count the desired behavior accurately. C. understand a child more completely. D. diagnose a student's behavior.

B - count the desired behavior accurately.

The sequence of behaviors related to language development in children has several stages. Which of the following stages follows the babbling stage in language development? A. cooing B. echolalia C. crying D. modulation

B - echolalia

Which of the following most clearly illustrates the removal of a negative reinforcer for a problem behavior? A. A student who is whining about the difficulty of an assignment is told by his teacher that if he continues to whine, he will lose his chance to participate in the creation of a Christmas poster by the entire class. B. A student who is arguing about an assignment because he considers it unfair is told by his teacher that he should express his concerns in a more tactful way, so that the teacher will be more likely to take those concerns seriously. C. A student who is complaining about an assignment because he hopes to be disciplined and avoid completing the assignment is told by his teacher that if he continues to complain, he will receive a zero and have no chance to raise the grade. D. A student who is refusing to complete an assignment because he wants more attention from the teacher is told by the teacher that he does not complete the assignment, he will receive a zero and have no chance to raise the grade.

C - A student who is complaining about an assignment because he hopes to be disciplined and avoid completing the assignment is told by his teacher that if he continues to complain, he will receive a zero and have no chance to raise the grade.

Which of the following yields a work sample analysis? A. A teacher and parents use a checklist to rate a student on motor and language development. B. A teacher identifies the skills needed to copy numbers from the board and requests that the student arrange skills in a sequence. C. A teacher examines a mathematics assignment to identify types of errors made in computation. D. A teacher administers a vocabulary test that indicates how well the student compares with students of comparable age.

C - A teacher examines a mathematics assignment to identify types of errors made in computation.

Which of the following best illustrates metacognition? A. Reading a text slowly because one finds it enjoyable B. Misunderstanding the meaning of a difficult passage C. Asking oneself if the paragraph one just read makes sense. D. Reading a passage out loud at someone else's request

C - Asking oneself if the paragraph one just read makes sense. Is correct because monitoring one's own comprehension is a form of metacognition, or reflecting on one's knowledge, mental abilities, and thought processes.

Bill is a student with multiple disabilities who is frequently off task, frustrated, and disruptive without frequent guidance from the teacher. Which of the following is the most appropriate seating arrangement for Bill during regular, whole-class activities? A. Bill should sit in the back of the room, away from other students who might distract or be distracted by him. B. Bill should sit next to a well-behaved student, so that he can learn better behavior through modeling. C. Bill should sit close to the teacher, so that the teacher can monitor his behavior and readily intervene. D. It does not matter where Bill sits, because he will be prone to frustration and disruptive behaviors no matter where he is.

C - Bill should sit close to the teacher, so that the teacher can monitor his behavior and readily intervene.

When discussing the outcomes of augmentative and alternative communication systems, several questions must be considered to answer the question, "Does it work?" Which of the following questions is considered the most important? A. What effects, if any, are there on the student's other areas of functioning? B. How is the augmentative and alternative communication user accepted by others? C. Has the student increased communication ability? D. Is the communication system voice natural sounding and not synthesized?

C - Has the student increased communication ability?

Lina is a high school senior with a mild emotional disturbance. An IEP team determines that one of Lina's postsecondary goals should be to establish a relationship with an experienced individual in order to obtain regular, on-the-job support concerning non-technical matters (e.g., getting along with co-workers). In particular, Lina needs to find someone she can call for guidance when she becomes frustrated or angry. The IEP team decides that the most suitable individual for this role would be Lina's guidance counselor at school because all agree that Lina has an excellent relationship with the counselor. What is likely to be the main limitation of the IEP team's choice? A. The guidance counselor is unlikely to know much about issues that Lina will face in the workplace. B. The guidance counselor will probably be unwilling to help Lina further once she graduates. C. The guidance counselor may not have time to help Lina at the times when she needs immediate support. D. The guidance counselor may provide the wrong kinds of advice to Lina in critical situations.

C - The guidance counselor may not have time to help Lina at the times when she needs immediate support.

Which statement does NOT apply to curriculum-based assessment (CBA)? A. It measures students' level of achievement in terms of what they are taught in the classroom. B. Results are used to guide instruction. C. The performance of the student is compared to the average performance of students who are the same age or grade level. D. It is an accurate indicator of student access to the general education curriculum.

C - The performance of the student is compared to the average performance of students who are the same age or grade level. A curriculum-based assessment (CBA) measures students' level of achievement as it relates to what is taught in the classroom, results are used to guide instruction, and it is an accurate indicator of student access to the general education curriculum. A norm-referenced test indicate the performance of the student as compared to the average performance of students who are the same age or grade level.

A 5th grade student in ESE with an emotional or behavioral disability scored at the 10th percentile in reading recognition on an individually administered diagnostic reading test. What can be concluded from this information? A. The student's emotional problems have affected their reading recognition level. B. The student is on the appropriate level for a 5th-grade student with an emotional or behavioral disability. C. The student's score in reading recognition is below average for a student in the 5th grade. D. The student scored 10% above average for a student in the 5th grade.

C - The student's score in reading recognition is below average for a student in the 5th grade.

Devon, a student with an intellectual disability, is having difficulty operating a new software program that his classmates have been successfully using for several days. Devon's teacher believes that he has the ability to use the program successfully and independently, but that he becomes confused when attempting the sequence of steps necessary to run the program's basic functions. Although the teacher is likely to use more than one approach to help Devon, which one of the following approaches should be the focus of the teacher's efforts? A. The teacher should provide Devon with explicit instruction in which the steps for using the program's basic functions are defined and explained. B. The teacher should create a group activity in which students in each group take turns using the program while the others record data from the screen. C. The teacher should model for Devon the sequence of steps by which program's basic functions are run. D. The teacher should develop an alternative activity for Devon that would achieve instructional objectives for him.

C - The teacher should model for Devon the sequence of steps by which program's basic functions are run.

The program enacted in 2004, which is designed to prepare four-year-old children for kindergarten and lay the foundation for their success is known as which of the following? A. School Readiness Program B. Child Care Services Program C. VPK Education Program D. Family resource specialists

C - Voluntary Pre-Kindergarten Programs were enacted in 2004 and were designed to prepare four-year-old children for kindergarten

Which of the following best illustrates formative assessment? A. a standardized achievements test administered at the end of the school year as per state requirements B. a mid-term exam administered to students in order to evaluate the extent of their learning during the first half of the semester C. a quiz administered during the first week of class that is not graded but rather used to guide instructional planning D. a test administered at the end of an instructional unit intended to determine how well students mastered unit content

C - a quiz administered during the first week of class that is not graded but rather used to guide instructional planning

Which of the following students seems to need the most support for self-advocacy skills? A. a student who is confident and assertive but is sometime tactless about asserting his interests B. a student who has difficulty processing complex texts and prefers to read simple texts for pleasure C. a student who is very hesitant about raising his hand in class or expressing himself to peers. D. a student who has impulse control limitations that result in her interrupting others at times

C - a student who is very hesitant about raising his hand in class or expressing himself to peers.

A student who is nonverbal and has an orthopedic impairment is ready for augmentative communication evaluation when the student has A. established vocalization patterns. B. learned to read. C. developed communicative intent. D. discriminated sounds.

C - developed communicative intent.

The least restrictive environment requirement of IDEA is closely associated with A. assessment B. mainstream C. inclusion D. child study teams

C - inclusion

A kindergarten teacher reads a familiar passage out loud and asks her students to clap their hands every time they her the "b" sound. What skill is this activity intended to promote? A. awareness of syllables B. phonics C. phonemic awareness D. structural analysis

C - phonemic awareness Is correct because monitoring one's own comprehension is a form of metacognition, or reflecting on one's own knowledge, mental abilities, and thought processes.

A student, with or without disabilities, has reached the highest level of language development when the student uses different rules of language in different contexts. This level is called A. phonology. B. morphology. C. pragmatics. D. syntax.

C - pragmatics.

The most appropriate initial step for building vocabulary is A. listening to speakers with large vocabularies B. copying new vocabulary words five times. C. memorizing lists of words. D. having primary concrete experiences related to the new words.

D - having primary concrete experiences related to the new words.

A due process hearing might be most appropriate for which of the following situations? A. A general education teacher has become frustrated with a student who has ADHD and poor impulse control, and the teacher seeks an outlet for his frustration. B. A principal is concerned that a parent brings her child to school late several mornings per week, and the parent has not responded to a note from the teacher. C. A special education teacher and a general education teacher disagree about the best approach for helping a mentally retarded student progress in reading. D. A parent disagrees with an assessment team's conclusion that her son has dyslexia, but after the meeting with the team and a mediator, no resolution is achieved.

D - A parent disagrees with an assessment team's conclusion that her son has dyslexia, but after the meeting with the team and a mediator, no resolution is achieved.

Which of the following is true of curriculum-based measurement (CBM)? A. CBM is primarily a form of outcome assessment. B. CBM cannot be used for screening purposes under any circumstances C. CBM works best as a tool for pre-referral assessment D. CBM is a reliable and valid approach to progress monitoring.

D - CBM is a reliable and valid approach to progress monitoring.

Which of the following best describes least restrictive environment (LRE)? A. specially designed instruction provided in exceptional student education classrooms B. services offered in the public school by support staff C. all students taught core academic subjects by teachers who are highly qualified in content areas D. a setting as similar as possible to that of students without disabilities in which a student with a disability can be educated with appropriate supports provided

D - Least Restriction Environment (LRE) refers to a setting that is as similar as possible to that for students without disabilities in whicha a student with a disability can be educated with appropriate supports provided.

Jan, a third grader, has difficulty sitting still, never waits for her turn, and is constantly interrupting others. She is displaying characteristics of A. impulsivity. B. inattention. C. hyperactivity. D. hyperactive-impulsive.

D - hyperactive-impulsive.

During the first week of kindergarten, Mary's teacher observes that although Mary has no difficulty understanding requests and other verbal information, she has a definite lisp and pronounces the "s" sound as "th." What can Mary's teacher infer from this observation? A. Mary should be observed more closely, because she may have a receptive language impairment. B. Mary's lisp indicates that has an articulation disorder and is in need of speech therapy. C. Mary's expressive language limitation is likely to create significant challenges to her learning. D. Mary may have a speech disorder or she may just need more time to learn how to pronounce "s" correctly.

D - Mary may have a speech disorder or she may just need more time to learn how to pronounce "s" correctly is correct because lisping could indicate a problem such as articulation disorder, but given Mary's age it might instead simply reflect a temporary difficulty with the pronunciation of one particular sound.

At the end of a lesson in November, Mrs. Smith announces that it is time for recess. The students rush noisily toward the door as Mrs. Smith admonishes them to line up and be quiet. As the students begin to form a line, pushing and shoving each other, Mrs. Smith asks them to settle down. During this time, Mark, an emotionally disturbed student, begins to get agitated. He pleads with Mrs. Smith to be first in line, and when she refuses, he throws a tantrum. Mrs. Smith is now struggling to deal with Mark's tantrum and with the rest of the class, who are still engaging in some pushing an shoving while they wait. What appears to be lacking in Mrs. Smith's approach to classroom behavior management? A. Mrs. Smith should have anticipated that Mark would throw a tantrum. She should have proactively told him that he would not be first in line. B. Mrs. Smith should remind the class of all procedures for lining up properly. Then, she should have announced that anyone who wants to be first in line could be fist. C. Ms. Smith should have used a different approach when announcing recess that day. She should have had students line up one at a time when she called their names. D. Mrs. Smith should have already established routines for transitioning to recess. She should not have had to do more than remind students of the routine.

D - Mrs. Smith should have already established routines for transitioning to recess. She should not have had to do more than remind students of the routine.

An IEP team concludes that an individual may be functioning in the range of an intellectual disability. In order to see how a student is performing in comparison to other students his age, the team members decide that which of the following should be included on his assessment plan? A. criterion-referenced test B. error analysis C. standard error of measurement D. norm-referenced test

D - Norm-referenced tests compare test scores of students from a certain age group. Criterion-reference testing uses an objective standard or achievement level by performing tasks at various levels of difficulty. Error analysis, refers to the individual errors in scores and does not compare scores with other students. Standard error of measurement is an estimate of error to use in an individual's test score.

Select the rationale for electing to use a task analysis approach to teach a particular skill. A. Students will learn abstract concepts more thoroughly and quickly. B. Students who have mastered several steps will practice by repeating material learned previously. C. Students can be kept at the same pace regardless of their skill mastery background. D. Students can participate at their individual levels of mastery and need.

D - Students can participate at their individual levels of mastery and need.

Select the statement that does NOT apply to a well-designed learning center. A. Students are more actively engaged in learning. B. Students increase proficiency in skills acquired. C. Students apply knowledge and skills to novel situations. D. Students must have assistance from the classroom teacher.

D - Students must have assistance from the classroom teacher. A well-designed learning center should be designed for students to work either alone or in groups as they engage in activities without the assistance of the classroom teacher. Students are more actively engaged in learning, students increase proficiency in skills acquired, and students apply knowledge and skills to novel situations are all effective uses of learning centers.

An elementary school student asks her teacher in front of the class why one of her classmates, who has a speech impairment, "talks funny." How should the teacher respond? A. The teacher should explain that the student's question is rude, and that in the future the class should avoid teasing the student with the impairment or otherwise discussing the topic. B. The teacher should reply that students must ask their classmate directly why he "talks funny," rather than spending class time discussing the topic and that they should feel free to ask the student any question about the impairment. C. The teacher should provide a brief explanation, ask the student with the impairment to pronounce certain phonemes in order to illustrate the disability, and then develop a thematic unit on speech impairments. D. The teacher should provide a brief, factual answer, comment favorably on some distinctive personal characteristics of the student with the impairment and discuss how the class is more interesting owing to each student's distinguishing characteristics.

D - The teacher should provide a brief, factual answer, comment favorably on some distinctive personal characteristics of the student with the impairment and discuss how the class is more interesting owing to each student's distinguishing characteristics.

A teacher engages students in an activity in which they compare the written words "sight," "kight," "tight," and "fight," in order to call attention to the fact the "ight" make the same sound in each case. What phase of decoding is the teacher attempting to promote? A. pre-alphabetic B. partial-alphabetic C. full-alphabetic D. consolidated-alphabetic

D - consolidated-alphabetic Is correct because the consolidated-alphabetic phase involves the understanding of how groups of letters function as units.

A student is having difficulty getting along with peers in the ESE class. The student frequently calls out in class and often uses foul language. The student's teacher develops a plan with the student that allows rewards when the student's behavior is controlled and specific consequences when it is not. The teacher and the student meet to develop an agreement. This strategy is an example of A. planned ignoring. B. positive consequences. C. negative practice. D. contingency contracting.

D - contingency contracting.

Students in a teacher's class are loud and disruptive when walking from the classroom to the lunchroom. The teacher tells the students that if they walk in a straight, quiet line for 5 consecutive days, they will have an ice cream party. All of the students agree to the deal. Which of the following behavior management techniques is the teacher using? A. tension decontamination B. shaping C. interest boosting D. group contingency

D - group contingency

John has entered first grade at Oakwood Elementary. Mrs. Jones, his teacher, notices that he omits verbs, puts the wrong ending on a word, and has incomplete vocabulary development for his age. She is concerned that he may have a(n) A. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. B. emotional disorder. C. intellectual disability D. language impairment.

D - language impairment An uncharacteristic pattern of language development signals the present of a language disorder. An attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is present in someone who exhibits inattention, excessive activity or impulsivity. Emotional disorder includes social, behavioral, and academic challenges. Intellectual disability is a significant limitation in intellectual functioning.

A student has difficulty identifying consonant and vowel sounds. The student would most likely benefit from training in A. syntax analysis. B. haptic processing. C. spelling patterns. D. phoneme discrimination.

D - phoneme discrimination.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of activities in systematic instruction? A. review, presentation, guided practice, planning, independent practice B. planning, presentation, review, independent practice, guided practice C. review, presentation, guided practice, planning, independent practice D. planning, review, presentation, guided practice, independent practice

D - planning, review, presentation, guided practice, independent practice

Brief, weekly tests of a student's oral reading fluency best represent which type of assessment? A. diagnostic B. outcome C. screening D. progress monitoring

D - progress monitoring

A group of people from the school or school district that may attend an eligibility staffing include all of the following EXCEPT A. school psychologist. B. regular classroom teacher. C. ESE teacher. D. siblings' medical professional.

D - siblings' medical professional

Which of the following resources would most benefit a high school junior who has entered the career preparation stage and has been learning about the postsecondary training needed to become an auto mechanic? A. the autobiography of an automobile executive who began his or her career as a mechanic B. a field trip to a local garage in order to observe mechanics at work C. a documentary about careers in auto mechanics and related fields D. the opportunity to shadow an actual mechanic in his or her place of work.

D - the opportunity to shadow an actual mechanic in his or her place of work.

Which of the following is not an adaptive life skill? A. use of number knowledge to tell time B. use of multiplication to calculate a tip C. use of division to adjust a recipe D. use of addition to solve a formula

D - use of addition to solve a formula

Which of the following agencies would provide the most career-related counseling to an individual with a disability? A. independent living center B. disability rights organization C. assistive career service D. vocational rehabilitation agency

D - vocational rehabilitation agency