Final Exam Repeated Quiz Questions

The role of buffer systems is to do which of the following? Select the best answer. (Ch. 9)

Trade stronger acids and bases for weaker ones.

An example of the action of sodium-potassium pump transport includes which one of the following? (Ch. 8)

Transport of sodium out of the cell

Bacterial capsules help some types of bacteria to evade the host's immune defense by helping the bacteria resist phagocytosis. (Ch. 5)

True

During the phases of action potential, where an electrical event travels along a neuron, a stimulated state is brought about by depolarization. (Ch. 10)

True

True or False: A common feature to all hormones is that they listen and adjust their levels based on feedback loops, which can be "negative" or "positive." (Ch. 13)

True

Tumor grading is based on how cancer cells look under a microscope, which cancer staging is based on the overall extent of the disease. (Ch. 7)

True

These type of fibers are slow to transmit nerve impulses during the course of somatosensory neuronal transmission, as they have a small diameter and are also unmyelinated: (Ch. 12)

Type C Fibers

Which of the following is not a DNA nitrogenous base? (Ch. 6)

U

Which of the following best describes an open, crater-like lesion, such as a "bed sore"? (Ch. 3)

Ulceration

Gene mutations that result in ____________ are a major concern for the development of cancer. (Ch. 7)

Unregulated Proliferation

Your cousin is told that she has cardiac valve leaflets, or cusps, that are floppy and fail to shut completely, permitting blood flow even when the valve should be completely closed. This is referred to as: (Ch. 16)

Valvular regurgitation due to a structural defect

What type of mediators are best known for their role in promoting vasodilation and increased capillary permeability after tissue injury? (Ch. 3)

Vasoactive mediators

Which of the following laboratory findings are consistent with metabolic alkalosis? (Ch. 9)

pH of 7.50 and HCO3 of 45 mEq/L (45 mmol/L)

What is an example of a chemoreceptor response to decreased oxygen levels in the blood?

rapid vasodilation to lower blood pressure and decrease the need for oxygen at the cellular level

A mother who is with her son when a cast is removed from his arms asks the nurse "What is wrong with my son's arm? It looks so small?" What is the nurse's BEST response. (Ch. 2)

"The cells have atrophied due to lack of the use and will regain their size as he starts to use the arm."

A client has been exercising his arms repeatedly. Which statement by the nurse explains the increase in the size of the arm? (Ch. 2)

"Your cells have hypertrophied in the response to increased workload"

Which sensory neurons that promote thirst when stimulated were discussed in lecture? (Ch. 8)

-Baroreceptors -Osmoreceptors

Which of the following are considered portals of entry, which allow pathogens an access point to infect their host? Select all that apply (Ch. 5)

-Genitourinary Tract -Gastrointestinal Tract -Broken Skin -Respiratory Tract -Mucous Membranes

Which of the following are consistent with cancers? Select all that apply. (Ch. 7)

-They are malignant -They exhibit autonomy -They exhibit anaplasia

Of the total number of chromosome pairs in a human, how many total pairs are autosomes? (Ch. 6)

22 chromosomes

When cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or chemical gradient, the process is called: (Ch. 2)

Active transport

Which arm of the immune system is specific (seeks out and destroys specific antigens) and has memory (remembers and more easily destroys antigens already encountered)? (Ch. 4)

Adaptive

The nurse monitors the client's oxygen levels and respiratory status. The nurse is aware that oxygen is necessary for: (Ch. 2)

Aerobic metabolism

Which of the following combinations of ions are most likely to bind, forming molecules? (Ch. 8)

Anion and Cation

In females, this organ is responsible for releasing follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in hormonal regulation: (Ch. 14)

Anterior pituitary

Some viruses evade the host's immune defenses by gradually accumulating mutations in viral genes over time, which is termed: (Ch. 5)

Antigenic Drift

Select the response that best describes the pressure-sensitive receptors that respond to changes in the stretch of the vessel wall. (Ch. 16)

Baroreceptors

After a spinal cord injury, individuals may experience a strong sympathetic response in response to noxious stimuli below the level of the injury, such as a pressure ulcer. This complication is called: (Ch. 10)

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Match the beginning and end of the following statements. Benign neoplasms are... Malignant neoplasms are... (Ch. 7)

B: Not cancer M: Cancer

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions is known as which of the following? (Ch. 9)

Base

The protein-dependent force that promotes fluid movement into the capillaries from the interstitial space is known as: (Ch. 8)

Capillary osmotic/oncotic pressure

Which of the following best describes the attraction and binding of cells that occurs at the site of injury or infection during the course of the cellular response? (Ch. 3)

Cellular adherence

These muscles are important to the process of accommodation, which allows individuals to fine tune their focus by changing the shape of the lens of the eye. (Ch. 12)

Ciliary muscles

This therapeutic approach combines a type of therapy that examines the things you think with a type of therapy that examines the things you do. (Ch. 11)

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Which type of immunity cell can recognize the MHC Class I molecules that present antigen peptides that are digested by infected, nucleated cells? (Ch. 4)

Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8 Cells)

A 20-year-old college student has a pelvic fracture and a severed leg from a motorcycle accident. As a result of injury, she lost several units of blood at the accident scene. When she arrived in the ER her blood pressure was very low, pulse was high and her skin was pale. What caused altered tissue perfusion in this patient? (Ch. 16)

Decreased blood volume

Which of the following refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveolar capillary junction? (Ch. 15)

Diffusion

Your patient describes a sensation of shortness of breath and the inability to get enough air. You observe the patient with pursed lip breathing and retractions. This is documented as: (Ch. 15)

Dyspnea

Men pass mitochondrial gene disorders on to their offspring: (Ch. 6)

False

Neurogenic pain, neuropathic pain, and nociceptive pain and three terms used to describe the same thing. (Ch. 12)

False

The pattern of sex hormone secretion is cyclic for both males and females: (Ch. 14)

False

The regions of the brain that are involved in cognition, emotional expression, ad behavioral responses are disconnected from one another, allowing us to easily separate these aspects of our lives. (Ch. 11)

False

Why does carbohydrate malabsorption lead to abdominal distention, bloating, pain, diarrhea, and flatulence? (Ch. 17)

Fermentation

You have influenza. Identify a symptomatic clinical manifestation of that condition: (Ch. 1)

Fever

Which line of defense includes physical and chemical barriers against infection such as the skin, tears, and saliva? (Ch. 3)

First line of defense

This lobe of the brain plays a large role in reasoning, planning, speech, and movement. (Ch. 10)

Frontal lobe

This region of the brain is critical to the formation of long-term memories, including memories that are important to the regulation of mood. (Ch. 11)

Hippocampus

This main branch of adaptive immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells. (Ch. 4)

Humoral immunity

A client diagnosed with congestive heart failure has an arterial blood oxygen level (PaO2) of 89%. Which term should the nurse use to document a reduced oxygenation of arterial blood? (Ch. 15)

Hypoxemia

You are diagnosed with an illness and no one is sure of the cause. This condition would be termed: (Ch. 1)

Idiopathic

Altered Perfusion can result from all of the following except:

Inadequate cardiac output

During an acute infection, which of the following terms best describes the period of time in which an individual is harboring a pathogen but not yet exhibiting symptoms and is likely unaware of their infectious status? (Ch. 5)

Incubation Period

The part of the ear is important to balance. (Ch. 12)

Inner ear

Which of the following is true of a dominant genetic trait? (Ch. 6)

It is expressed in either a homozygous or heterozygous pairing.

Which of the following best describes the health-illness continuum? (Ch. 1)

It is subjective and fluctuates overtime

Which is the replacement source of energy in an effective adaptation to starvation? (Ch. 17)

Ketones

Which organ is the primary regulator of the balance between acids and bases? (Ch. 9)

Kidney

Which of the following has the greatest impact on caloric needs? (Ch.17)

Lactation

Gene mutations that result in _______ are a major concern for the development of cancer. (Ch. 7)

Loss of Differentiation

A nursing student is studying the respiratory airways in the lungs, in particular the alveoli. A fellow student asks which cells are most instrumental in the destruction of foreign substances, by means of an immune response, that may enter the alveoli with inspired air. The most accurate response would be: (Ch. 15)

Macrophages

These types of receptors sense deep-tissue sensations. (Ch. 12)

Mechanoreceptors

Which type of feedback loop stimulates the release of hormone when levels of that hormone are low and inhibits the release of hormone when levels of that hormone are high? (Ch. 13)

Negative

Most people with hyperlactatemia, a condition of metabolic alkalosis, experience which of the following? (Ch. 9)

No symptoms

The autonomic nervous system is a branch of the _________ nervous system. (Ch. 10)

Peripheral

Which physiological process BEST describes the removal of microorganisms (such as bacteria), toxins, and cellular debris from the body? (Ch. 2)

Phagocytosis

This region of the brain is critical to judgment, decision-making, and problem solving, including when regulating mood. (Ch. 11)

Prefrontal Cortex

The nurse needs to assess the oxygen status of a client who is suddenly experiencing shortness of breath. The most appropriate noninvasive measurement technique would be: (Ch. 15)

Pulse Oximetry

Pathogenicity refers to the: (Ch. 5)

Qualities of a pathogen that promote disease

Which is an example of a chemoreceptor response to decreased oxygen levels in the blood? (Ch. 16)

Rapid vasodilation to lower blood pressure and decrease need for oxygen at the cellular level

This is an effective and recommended way to detect asymptomatic disease (Ch. 1)

Screening tests

These types of neurons carry afferent impulses to the brain and spinal cord from the periphery. (Ch. 10)

Sensory Neurons

This is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a large role in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. It is also important to a host of other functions, including the regulation of sleep. (Ch. 11)

Serotonin

Loss of which part of the gastrointestinal tract would have the greatest impact on nutrient absorption? (Ch. 17)

Small intestine

Which of the following ions is most closely related to water movement? (Ch. 8)

Sodium

Which is a local manifestation of inflammation? (Ch. 3)

Swelling

The adaptive immune response is considered the ______________ line of defense. (Ch. 4)

Third

Your father is on rehabilitation unit after a stroke, so that he can relearn how to perform his usual activities of daily living. What level of prevention is implemented here? (Ch. 1)

Tertiary

The testes secrete several male sex hormones. Which of these hormones is the most abundant and considered the main testicular hormone? (Ch. 14)

Testosterone

A key player in the stress response, this brain region plays a large role in fielding and processing sensory information pertinent to the experience of stress. (Ch. 13)

Thalamus

You are listening to your lab partner's heart in skills lab, and you hear the "lub dub" sound. What are you hearing? (Ch. 16)

The closure of the heart valves

A person's genotype can be best described as: (Ch. 6)

The genetic makeup of an individual

Which vitamin deficiency is most likely if you are unable to absorb fats? (Ch. 17)

Vitamin A

Which type of antibody provides passive immunity to breastfed newborns due to their transfer via colostrum and breastmilk? (Ch. 4)

lgA

If the hypothalamus produces growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), you would then expect the ______(1)______ to produce and release ______(2)______ into the body, which acts on bone and tissue to promote growth. (Ch. 13)

anterior pituitary, growth hormone

In males, the hypothalamus releases this hormone to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). (Ch. 14)

gonadotropin releasing hormone

Which is the most common clinical manifestation of altered reproductive function? (Ch. 14)

the inability to conceive and maintain a pregnancy

If the hypothalamus produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce and release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), you would then expect the ______(1)______ to produce and release ______(2)______ into the body. (Ch. 13)

thyroid gland, thyroid hormone