General Psych M.6 Sensation and Perception

Jess was in a serious car accident and is having trouble recognizing familiar faces. She MOST likely suffered damage to her _____ lobe, just behind her right ear.

temporal

One sense influencing the perception of another sense is known as:

sensory interaction.

Lucy is convinced she senses the odor of rotten eggs, but no one in the house can detect the odor. Lucy's sensation is known as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

phantom smells.

In a song inspired by the classic television show The Twilight Zone, an American vocal group sang the lines, "Unpretentious girl from Memphis saw the future through her third eye." These lines underscore a specific extrasensory perception ability called: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

precognition.

Which of the following is an accurate description of phantom limb phenomenon?

Some phantom limb patients actually attempt to use the missing limb.

Talia is 45 years old. She has started to notice that newspaper print is too small for her to read. Talia needs reading glasses because the lenses of her eyes are less able to adjust, or _____.

accommodate

A. we think we are attending to everything that we need to, but we probably aren't. B. our attention and working memories, as well as our visual capacities, are limited. C. when we attend to two or more tasks at the same time, there are costs. D. All of the above

all of the above

Camilla has been told her basilar membranes are damaged. This is MOST likely to affect her:

audition.

_____ processing starts at the very basic level of sensory receptors and works toward more complex levels of processing.

bottom up

Malik knows that a passing bus is nearer than a parked car because the bus momentarily blocks his view of the car. This example illustrates the depth cue of:

interposition

Kittens, monkeys, and humans who temporarily experience sensory deprivation after the critical period of development all suffer no permanent effects to their visual functioning as a result of the deprivation experience. This is because of:

perceptual adaptation.

Karen decided she wanted her 6-year-old son Donnie to drink diet soda instead of regular soda that contained sugar. She filled the soda bottle that normally contained soda with sugar with diet soda. Donnie never noticed the difference. His perception was influenced by

perceptual set.

Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias the way one sees others' behaviors. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

perceptual set.

Once Frederic learned of Amelia's abusive past, he began to perceive her cautious behavior around men as more self-protective than rude. This BEST illustrates the impact of perceptual _____.

set

"We can practically read each other's minds and feel each other's emotions!" Tim exclaims in describing his relationship with his longtime partner. Tim is attributing the extrasensory perception ability of _____ to the relationship.

telepathy

Detecting a weak stimulus, or signal, does NOT depend in part on:

the sense being used to detect the stimulus.

How Would You Know If a Cup of Coffee Can Warm Up Relationships?Knowledge of the coffee roasting process or enjoyment of coffee shops were NOT confounding variables in your study, because:

they do not relate to perceptions of warmth and friendliness.

Since pain is both a physical and psychological phenomenon, the use of this diversion helps burn patients to distract themselves from painful procedures by diverting their attention.

virtual reality

What did the researchers learn from the subliminal persuasion experiments summarized here?

Experiments show that subliminal messages (such as to "stop smoking") have no substantial, lasting effect. It seems we can be subtly affected by subliminal stimuli but not persuaded or manipulated by them.

_____ emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.

Gestalt psychologists

Mia is attracted to a man she is chatting with in a nightclub. What is probably happening to her eyes?

Her pupils are dilating.

Brenda's uncle underwent radical eye surgery and had to wear an eye patch for four months straight. How will this sensory deprivation affect his future vision?

His vision will be unaffected by this sensory deprivation.

How Would You Know If a Cup of Coffee Can Warm Up Relationships?Why did you use an experimental manipulation of coffee temperature—with some participants holding a warm cup of coffee and others holding a cup of iced coffee—to determine whether a cup of coffee can warm up relationships?

It makes it possible to determine whether changes in coffee temperature cause people to perceive others as more friendly and warm.

How has priming been used in the slide-exposure experiment with subliminal stimuli?

Researchers have flashed unperceived subliminal (sub-threshold) stimuli to people's eyes. They do so to see if such stimuli can prime (activate) people's unconscious associations to an ensuing perceived stimulus, such as someone's picture.

Thomas was having a painful dental procedure. His dentist performed the most painful portion of the procedure first and then performed the less painful portion of the procedure. According to research on memories of pain:

Thomas is likely to have a memory in which he recalls the less painful procedure more than the more painful procedure.

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This BEST illustrates _____ law.

Weber's

How Would You Know If a Cup of Coffee Can Warm Up Relationships? Of the following options, which one represents the BEST setup for your study?

With a group of people who have a normal ability to feel temperature changes, test whether their perceptions of a stranger's warmth change when they hold a warm cup of coffee.

Sean just discovered that his roommate's girlfriend broke up with his roommate. Later on, Sean sees his roommate studying in the library and assumes that his roommate looks depressed. This assumption is an example of perception being influenced by:

a context effect.

The visual cortex is located in the __________________ of the brain.

back

Taste is a(n) _____ sense.

chemical

According to the Gestalt psychologists, people tend to fill in the gaps to create a complete, whole object. This is called the principle of:

closure.

The phenomenon of blindsight BEST illustrates that visual information can be processed without:

conscious awareness.

Loudness is measured in

decibels.

Based on survey research, _____ eminent scientists support the notion of extrasensory perception.

few

The parts of the brain that enable consciousness and our ability to communicate that awareness are located in the:

frontal lobes

Manny suffers from diabetes and lost his vision two months ago. He experiences phantom sights called:

hallucinations.

As one walks into a brightly lit room, the black structure in the center of one's eye seems to shrink to a tiny black dot. This response is caused by the action of the eye structure called the:

iris

The brain's circuitry for smell also connects with areas involved in:

memory storage.

Regarding the structures of the ear, which list contains an item that does NOT belong?

outer ear, pinna, cochlea

the study of out-of-the-ordinary phenomena is known as:

parapsychology.

After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This BEST illustrates

perceptual adaptation.

Recent research on subliminal sensation has shown that:

priming thirsty people with the subliminal word thirst might, for a moment, make a thirst-quenching beverage ad more persuasive, but the effect would not be enduring.

Gretta is 85 years old and having trouble with her hearing. She worked in a factory manufacturing auto parts for many years. The MOST likely reasons for her sensorineural hearing loss are normal aging and:

prolonged exposure to loud noise.

The bones of the middle ear do NOT include the:

saddle.

Anna is reading her psychology textbook. The activation of receptors in her retina is called _____. Her interpretation of the stimuli as particular words is called _____.

sensation; perception

Carlos was just touched on his cheek, which is a(n) _____. In order for Carlos to know if he was kissed or slapped, Carlos needs a(n) _____.two distinct activities.

sensation; perception

After many years of playing extremely loud rock music, David has suffered significant hearing loss, which cannot be corrected with a hearing aid. David is suffering from:

sensorineural hearing loss (nerve deafness).

Kari is a fan of heavy metal music. Her mother is concerned because she knows that prolonged exposure to ear splitting music can cause:

sensorineural hearing loss.

After listening to her high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, Marcy fails to realize that the music is too loud. This BEST illustrates:

sensory adaptation.

Dennis, a nurse, notes that some parents of children with asthma respond to very small changes in their children's breathing, and seek care accordingly. However, other parents do not notice the same small changes. This type of difference in reaction to stimuli is BEST explained by the:

signal detection theory.

The ability to accurately perceive distances MOST clearly underlies one's capacity for:

size constancy.

The _____ theory proposes that hypnosis is a by-product of normal interpersonal and mental processes.

social influence

Angela's reporting of hand sensations when her face is touched indicates:

that the brain restructures itself after certain kinds of damage.

_____ processing is guided by higher-level mental processes such as expectations.

top-down

_____ occurs when light energy or sound energy is converted into neural impulses.

transduction

When two friends talk over lunch, the amplitude of their conversation is about _____ decibels.

60

How Would You Know If a Cup of Coffee Can Warm Up Relationships?Select all of the factors that could affect your confidence about whether holding a cup of warm coffee, compared with a cup of iced coffee, would cause participants to perceive "Linda" as more friendly and warm:

-Personality traits related to seeing others positively (e.g., agreeableness) -Whether participants have friends or family members named Linda -Room temperature in the experimental setting

Although he is unaware of moving lights in his right visual field, Graham correctly reports the direction of their movement ______ percent of the time.

90

Which statement is most accurate? A. Because the human brain is a massively parallel machine, it can attend to many things at once. B. Our attention is easily vulnerable to distraction. C. If we think we are able to attend to two tasks at the same time, we probably are. D. Experiments have shown that we are good at dividing our attention

Our attention is easily vulnerable to distraction.

If the eye takes in an inverted image of the world, how do humans see the world correctly?

The brain reassembles the image.

What conclusion can we draw regarding the respondents (Murray & Wheeler, 1937) who correctly predicted the death of the Lindbergh baby?

Those respondents were no better than what could be explained by chance

How Would You Know If a Cup of Coffee Can Warm Up Relationships?In measuring perceptions of a stranger, why did you choose to use some trait adjectives (warm, friendly, caring) and not others (talkative, clean, detail-oriented)?

To focus only on traits that relate to warmth and friendliness

How Would You Know If a Cup of Coffee Can Warm Up Relationships?Why did you select room temperature of the laboratory setting as a confounding variable?

To rule out the effect of room temperature changes on perceiving others as warm and friendly

How Would You Know If a Cup of Coffee Can Warm Up Relationships?If someone asks you how we could know if a cup of coffee warms up relationships, how might you respond based on what you learned in this activity? (5 points)

We've learned that holding a cup of warm coffee, compared with a cup of iced coffee, causes people to perceive others as more friendly and warm. We also learned that it is important to take into account various factors that might influence perceptions of warmth and friendliness, such as room temperature of the laboratory setting, familiarity with the name of the person who is being judged, and personality traits that predispose people to perceive others as friendly and warm.

How Would You Know If a Cup of Coffee Can Warm Up Relationships?We will start by choosing the best research DESIGN. Select the design your study should use to find out if a cup of coffee can warm up relationships.

experimental

The FBI is considering a new identification method. Instead of using old-fashioned fingerprints, they have decided to scan the eye's _____ to confirm people's identity.

iris

Janice opens her eyes in the morning to see a photograph by her bedside. At that point, her eyes are receiving light energy, which they change into neural messages for the brain to process. This conversion of one form of energy into another is called:

transduction.

How Would You Know If a Cup of Coffee Can Warm Up Relationships?Of the following options, which one represents the BEST way to measure your target behavior?

Participants hold either a warm or cold cup of coffee, read a neutral story about "Linda," and then answer this question: "Taking all things together, how would you rate Linda on the following characteristics: warm, friendly, caring?" (1=not at all to 7=extremely).

What did the researchers learn from this slide-exposure experiment?

Positive or negative subliminal images (flashed too briefly to be perceived) can prime participants' responses, affecting their ratings of a later perceived stimulus. Thus, a seen-but-not-perceived werewolf image can lead a participant to rate a subsequent photo of a person less favorably.