GI

A parent calls the pediatrician's office because his or her 4-month-old infant has been having watery stools for 24 hours. There are no other symptoms. What would the nurse suggest? a. Feed the patient bananas b. Give the patient oral electrolyte solution c. Give the patient antidiarrheal medication d. Take the patient to the emergency room for evaluation

d

An infant is brought to the emergency room with symptoms consistent with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The physician prescribes a trial of medication to evaluate the effectiveness of symptom reduction. Which drug's use is considered controversial? a. Cimetidine b. Rantidine c. Omeprazole d. Metoclopramide

d

The nurse assesses the neonate immediately after birth. A tracheoesophageal fistula should be suspected if which condition is present? a. Clubfoot b. Jaundice c. Absence of sucking d. Excessive amount of frothy saliva in the mouth

d

The nurse is planning the diet of a child suffering from acute diarrhea. What does the nurse include in the nutrition plan? a. Beef broth and caffeinated soda b. Fruit juice and carbonated soft drinks c. Banana, rice, applesauce and toast d. Cereals and cooked vegetables along with oral rehydrated solution

d

When evaluating the extent of an infant's dehydration, the nurse should recognize that the symptoms of severe dehydration include what? a. Intense thirst, normal pulse and BP b. Tachycardia, decreased tears, and 5% weight loss c. Irritability, moderate thirst, normal eyes and fontanels d. Tachycardia, parched mucous membranes, sunken eyes and fontanel

d

After performing a few tests on a patient, it was revealed that the patient is incapable of absorbing fat-soluble vitamins. What are the correct assumptions that the nurse can infer from the data? Select all that apply. a. Scurvy b. Beriberi c. Pellagra d. Cystic fibrosis e. Short-bowel syndrome

d, e

The nurse is caring for a boy with probable intussusception. He had diarrhea before admission, but while waiting for administration of air pressure to reduce the intussusception, he passes a normal brown stool. What is the most appropriate nursing action? a. Notify physician b. Measure abdominal growth c. Auscultate for bowel sounds d. Take vital signs, including BP

a

The nurse is caring for a child admitted with acute diarrhea and dehydration. What is the accurate step the nurse should take? a. Monitor the intravenous (IV) fluid every day b. Send soiled diapers to the laboratory for testing c. Monitor body temperature by a rectal thermometer d. Administer fluid through mouth for the first 48 hour

a

Which statement best describes Hirschsprung's disease? a. The colon hasn't an aganglionic segment b. It results in frequent evacuation of solids, liquids and gas c. There is passage of excessive amounts of meconium in the neonate d. It results in excessive peristaltic movements within the gastrointestinal tract

a

The nurse is teaching to a group of nursing trainees on food allergies of children. What are the points that the nurse should mention to the trainees? Select all that apply. a. "Educate the parents and teachers regarding symptoms of food allergies." b. "Educate people with known food allergies to avoid unknown foods and restaurants." c. "Educate mothers to breastfeed their infants to provide immunity against allergens." d. "Educate the parents to ignore the ingredient list on food that is sold commercially." e. "Educate the people to refuse admission to children in day care center with known food allergies."

a, b, c

A child has a nasogastric (NG) tube after surgery for acute appendicitis. What is the purpose of the NG tube? a. To maintain electrolyte balance b. To prevent abdominal distention c. To prevent the spread of infection d. To maintain an accurate record of output

b

A child was detected with volvulus. After the operation the child is suffering from short-bowel syndrome (SBS). What is the correct therapeutic measure that the nurse caring for the patient should take? a. Stimulate intestinal adaptation with parenteral feeding b. Avoid using pharmacologic agents after discontinuation of PN c. Maintain optimal nutrition status while intestinal adaptation occurs d. Discontinue parenteral nutrition (PN) without providing any supportive therapy

c

A mother of an infant tells the nurse, ''I rely on cow's whole milk rather than infant formula.'' What should be the appropriate response of the nurse? a. "Continue giving cow's milk because it is nutritious for the infant.'' b. "Dilute the milk with water and mix chocolate to avoid stomach upset.'' c. "Feed infant formula for the correct intake of calcium and phosphorus.'' d. "Buy pasteurized cow's milk, since that contains high amount of minerals."

c

A patient has been admitted with complaints of bloody stools. The nurse observes that the stool is dark red with mucus and looks like currant jelly. The patient does not complain of any pain during rectal bleeding. The nurse can infer from this set of symptoms that the patient is suffering from what? a. Giardiasis b. Ascariasis c. Meckel diverticulum d. Hirschsprung's disease

c

The nursing trainer is taking a class on congenital esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). What are the reasons that the trainer will mention as the causes for the disease? Select all that apply. a. Incidence of preterm birth is high. b. History of maternal polyhydramnios is common. c. The percentage of male child suffering from the disorder is higher. d. It is one of the most common esophageal malformations in neonates. e. Birth weights of most of the diseased infants are more than the average.

a, b, d

A nursing trainer is teaching malabsorption in children to the trainees. While teaching celiac disease, what are the points that the trainer will mention? Select all that apply. a. "It is gluten-induced." b. "It is an autoimmune disease." c. "It is characterized by bloody diarrhea." d. "It is characterized by currant jelly stool." e. "It can be stalled by observing proper infant feeding practice."

a, b, e

A child is admitted to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. The nurse observes that the child is screaming and drawing the knees toward the chest. During assessment, the nurse detects a palpable, sausage-shaped mass in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. What can the nurse deduce that the child has from these symptoms and findings? a. Hiatal hernia b. Intussusception c. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome d. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

b

An infant is admitted with difficulty in passing stool, abdominal distention, and ribbon-like stools. Which disease does the nurse suspect from the given symptoms? a. Rectal atresia b. Rectal stenosis c. Malrotation and volvulus d. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS)

b

One of the parents of a child calls the clinic and asks, "We want to visit a seafood joint on my child's birthday. I am allergic to shellfish. Is there a chance that my child will also be allergic to shellfish?'' What response does the nurse give the parent? a. "Your child has 100% chance of suffering from food allergy." b. "Your child has a 50% chance of suffering from shellfish allergy." c. "Your child will not be allergic to shellfish it is not transmitted from parents." d. "Your child will be allergic to shellfish if only your spouse suffers from allergy."

b

The parents of an infant with cleft palate (CP) report the following, "Our child can't eat properly and is not getting proper nutrition." What does the nurse suggest to the parents? a. "The infant needs to be fed parenterally." b. "The infant needs a pigeon bottle for feeding." c. "The infant will eat properly when 5 years old." d. "The infant will never be able to feed properly."

b

The nurse is treating a child with dehydration. What are the symptoms that the nurse should look for? Select all that apply. a. Flatulence b. Tissue hypoxia c. Hypovolemic shock d. Fall in BP e. Edema of face with itchy tongue

b, c, d

The nurse is teaching a group of students about malnutrition and its deleterious effects on children. What are the different etiologies associated with malnutrition that the nurse should discuss? Select all that apply. a. Hypoxia b. Diarrhea c. Anorexia d. Parental illiteracy e. Economic factors

b, d, e

A school-age child with acute diarrhea and mild dehydration is being given oral rehydration solution (ORS). The child's mother calls the clinic nurse because he is also vomiting occasionally. What should the nurse recommend? a. Bringing the child to the hospital for intravenous fluids b. Alternating giving the child ORS and carbonated drinks c. Continuing to give the child ORS frequently in small amounts d. Maintaining the child on NPO for 8 hours and resuming ORS if vomiting has subsided

c

An infant is admitted with excessive salivation and drooling accompanied with coughing, choking, and cyanosis. What can the nurse infer from the symptoms? a. Severe dehydration b. Gastroesophageal reflux c. Tracheoesophageal fistula d. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

c

An infant patient is allergic to egg. The parents are concerned about measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination. What should be the appropriate response of the nurse? a. ''There is no need of vaccination until the patient reaches adulthood.'' b. ''There is no need for vaccination, it might give severe allergic reactions.'' c. ''The child should be vaccinated with the MMR vaccine in spite of egg allergy.'' d. ''The influenza vaccine must be taken; there is no need for the MMR vaccine.''

c

The patient is in the first trimester of pregnancy. What vitamin should the nurse suggest to decrease the chance of spina bifida? a. Thiamine or vitamin B1 b. Riboflavin or vitamin B2 c. Folic acid or vitamin B9 d. Pantothenic acid or vitamin B5

c

A 2-month-old breastfed infant is successfully rehydrated with oral rehydration solutions for acute diarrhea. What should instructions to the mother about breastfeeding include? a. Continue breastfeeding b. Stop breastfeeding until breast milk is cultured c. Stop breastfeeding until diarrhea is absent for 24 hours d. Express breast milk and dilute with sterile water before feeding

a