H English 2 Final Exam

anthropomorphism; literary device seen in which poem?

"The Lamb" the attributing of human characteristics to animals, inanimate objects, etc.

question and answer in "The Lamb"

"Who made thee?" God

some negations of standard tropes found in sonnet 130

"eyes are nothing like the sun" "breasts are dun" "coral far more red than lips" "breath that reeks"

"looks on tempests and is never shaken"

"tempests" are violent storms; love can endure any problem and never be "shaken"

Francesco Petrarch dates

1304-1374

Italian or petrarchan sonnet organization

14 line poem divided into an octave (8 lines) and setset (6 lines) Rhyme scheme (abbaabba cdecde)

how many syllables is a Shakespearean sonnet

140

how many Shakespearean sonnets total?

154

William Shalespeare dates

1564-1616

Year Shakespearean Sonnets were published

1609, 17th century

"where civil blood makes civil hands unclean"

1st civil= as of the citizen 2nd civil= civilized people

Shakespearean sonnet format

3 quatrains (4 lines of poetry) followed by a couplet still 14 lines ababcdcdefef gg

Theme statement for sonnet 18

Although beauty and youth are fleeting, art can endure, enrich, a`nd last forever.

speakers attitude in sonnet 130

Argumentative- the speaker's assertion= the imperfections of a real women make her more interesting than the falsely idealized real women.

Larger subject of "The Tyger"

Existence of evil, why the same creator would create a lamb and a tiger

"There's little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head that curled like a lamb's back, was shaved"

Hair compared to lamb emphasizes the children's innocence and purity.

What was different about William Blake as a child? What did his parents do as a response?

He had visions (Age 4: saw God "put his head to the window"; Age 9: Tree filled with Angels) They tried to discourage him from lying, but did not force him to attend conventional school when they realized he was different from their peers

"The Lamb"- Songs of Innocence or Experience?

Innocence

who was Francesco Petrarch?

Italian scholar and poet who started sonnet tradition

"It is the star to every wand'ring bark, whose worth's unknown, although his heigth be taken"

Love as "the star to every wand'ring bark" reemphasizes the idea that love will guide the lost. The height of a star is measurable, however its value is not, just as the value of love is not.

"Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments. Love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove:"

Love doesn't recognize or admit impediments (obstacles, hindrances, difficulties) love doesn't change regardless of the circumstances Negative refutation

4 Shakespearean tragedies (sonnets

Macbeth Othello Hamlet King Lear

sonnets begin with a dedication to

Mr. W.H.

Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night; What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry? Tyger Tyger burning bright, In the forests of the night: What immortal hand or eye, Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?

Parallelism; identical except for "could" and "dare" "could" refers whether the creator s capable of creating such a horrible thing; "dare" suggests whether or not the creator is audacious enough to create it.

Blake's 1st book (date)

Poetical Sketches (1783) protests against war, tyranny, and King George II's treatment of the American colonies; shows his motivation by injustice

idea of 2 is in which sonnet

Prologue to Romeo and Juliet

which sonnet is an exposition

Prologue to Romeo and Juliet

petrarchan sonnets were imitated as well as ridiculed by

Renaissance English Sonneteers

What figurative language is there in Act I Scene V of Romeo and Juliet? Why is figurative language used?

Romeo compares himself to a pilgrim and Juliet to a holy shrine (idealization of Juliet) more accuratley represents what Romeo is feeling, heightened emotion

"And yet by heaven I think my love as rare, as any she belied with false compare"

SHIFT Although she does not fulfill all the idealizations associated with women, it is enough for the speaker's love. He also acknowledges these idealizations are unrealistic and "belied with false compare". honors her by accepting her imperfections

"But thy eternal summer shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st"

SHIFT The use of "eternal" to describe summer contrasts the speaker's attitude earlier in the sonnet, and exemplifies the shift of his belief that everything beautiful fades to the belief his beloved's beauty will never fade. It will remain untouched and intact.

Blake is most well-known for the poems in his 2 collections: (+dates); how were they illustrated?

Songs of Innocence (1783) Songs of Experience (1794) format reminiscent of illuminated manuscripts- a time consuming process, invested a lot of effort

"nor..., nor"

Speaker uses the anaphora as a negative denial to emphasize what will not happen instead of what will happen

"summer's lease hath all too short a date"

Summer comes to an end, unlike his beloved who will permanently be enjoyed by the speaker

anaphora

The deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive verses, clauses, or paragraphs. One of the devices of repetition, in which the same phrase is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines.

"and every fair from fair also declines, by chance or nature's changing course untrimmed"

The speaker acknowledges that every beautiful thing inevitably fades, whether it is by chance or by "nature's course" which is "untrimmed", or messy and unpredictable".

"Shall i compare thee to a summer's day?"

The speaker asks the question, instead of declaring he is making the comparison. The opening line exemplifies his reference to a summer day as a base for the comparison with his beloved, however, he goes beyond that throughout the sonnet to argue why the spoken to excels the comparison. spoken to > summer's day

"Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks within his bending sickle's compass come"

The speaker elevates love so that it is not subject to Time. However, he uses the synecdoche of "rosy lips and cheeks" to suggest beauty is affected by it. He personifies Time and suggests it reaps beauty with its "sickle"

"If this error and upon me proved, I nevr writ, nor nor man loved"

The speaker has a confident tone, and states that if he is mistaken, then it is also true that he never wrote and no man ever loved

"Did he smile his work to see?/ Did he who made the Lamb make thee?"

The speaker uses anaphora to question whether the creator of such an innocent image could be the same creator as such a terrifying one, and if he was happy with such creation.

"sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, and often is his gold complexion dimmed"

The speaker uses the trope of the sun, comparing it to the "eye of heaven", an extreme with positive connotations. However, sometimes the sun is too overpowering, shining "too hot", which can turn a positive idea into a negative one. This extreme is also "dimmed"when compared to his beloved.

2 leading radical thinkers of Blake's time whom he associated with

Thomas Paine and Mary Wollstonecraft

4 Shakespearean comedies (sonnets)

Twelfth Night As You Like it Much Ado About Nothing Midsummer Night's Dream

setting of Romeo and Juliet

Verona, Italy

Shakespearean sonnets present

a range of mods and are not limited to that of the despairing lover

speaker of the "Tyger"

adult

Who did William Blake marry and what did they teach each other

an illiterate woman, Catherine Boucher he taught her to read, write, and draftsmanship she helped him print the illuminated poetry for which he is remembered today

"Little lamb, I'll tell thee; Little lamb, I'll tell thee" "Little lamb, God bless thee; Little lamb, God Bless thee"

anaphora

1-17 of Shakespearean sonnets

celebrate the beauty of a young man

tone of speaker of "The Lamb"

certain, eager, confident, joyful

the speaker in "The Lamb" is a(n)

child

The Chimney sweeper: speaker and voice

child naive, innocent

"Tyger! Tyger! burning bright/ in the forests of the night"

contrasts of light vs dark, emphasizes brightness of tyger

"The which, if you with patient ears attend, what here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend"

couplet of Prologue to Romeo and Juliet what the prologue has overlooked, the performance will coner

use of couplets in "The Tyger"

couplets are usually used to convey a joyful mood, ironic towards the actual mood of the poem. Also parallels the sound of a hammer on an anvil.

Rhetorical strategy

definition of love + argumentation (refutation of what was said to him/ rebuttal)

"The Tyger"- songs of experience or innocence?

experience

use of couplets in "The Chimney Sweeper

express a gentle, sing-song rhyme, which distrubingly contrasts with the brutality of the children's lives

"weep! weep! weep! weep!"

expresses how young the speaker is when he starts looking for a job, for he is trying to say 'sweep!', but cannot yet fully speak properly.

Theme of Prologue to Romeo and Juliet

fate and misadventured lovers

tone of speaker in "the Tyger"

fearful, respectful and in awe of creator

127-154 (remaining sonnets)

focus on the "dark lady"

18-126

focus on the same ideal young man (probably)

blake was a nonconformist which means

he went against social expectations and ideas of the time

"My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss"

his lips can take away his sin by kissing her

did Blake have followers?

his poetry was not well known by general public, but he did have followers, typically younger people

How did Blake's "visions" continue into adulthood?

his younger brother who he trained in drawing, painting, and engraving, Robert, died, and Blake said he saw his spirit rise through the ceiling and "clap his hands for joy" he said his spirit continued to visit him in his dreams and taught him the printing method he used in "Songs of Innocence" and other illuminated works

Blake had idealistic vision of... he was extremely interested in...

how the world could be and humans could interact, and worked towards revising humanity to fit this vision social justice

What distinguishes Shakespeare's sonnets?

idealization of a young man (rather than a lady) as the object of praise, love, and devotion portrayal of a "dark mistress" who contradicts the stereotypical feminine ideal usually portrayed in sonnets organization of the sonnets

what was more important to Blake- imagination or reason? which was a fundamental idea behind

imagination, romanticism

The Chimney Sweeper: Songs of Innocence or Experience?

innocence

sonnet 130 is an anti-petrarchan sonnet which means

it goes against the conventional idealization of women usually found in Petrarchan sonnets Anti-Petrarchan, however, not mysoginistic

was Blake financially successful during his lifetime?

lived in poverty most of his life (wasn't acknowledged during his lifetime)

Shakespeare was also known for using ____ in sonnets

lyric poetry

possibly identities of WH

male friend addressed in sonnets 1-126 Henry Wriothesley, earl of southampton William Herbert, earl of Pembroke

did Blake seek popularity

no he was determined not to sacrifice vision in order to become popular

difference between sonnet 13o and other sonnets

no spoken to, speaker talks ABOUT dark mistress

"A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life.... Doth with their death bury their parents strife"

outcome of story "star-crossed"- it was fate that the lovers commit suicide result of outcome= families bury feud: tragic- only through parents' strife can families bury feud

literary device used in: "Gave thee life, and bid thee feed" "By the stream and o'er the mead" "I a child and thou a lamb"

parallelism

"from ancient grudge break to new mutiny"

parallelism "grudge"= conflict carried within oneself "mutiny"= external conflict

"I a child and though a lamb"

parallelism acknowledging himself with the lamb, have the same creator

What the hammer? What the chain?/ In what furnace was thy brain?/ What the anvil? What dread grasp/ Dare its deadly terrors clasp?

refers to creator; God is compared to blacksmith which refers to the harshness of poem. The beat of the poem parallels the clinging noise of an anvil.

anaphora

repetition of initial word or phrase

consonance

repition of similar consonant sounds at the end of words "Doth" and "death"

Speaker's attitude towards the creator in "The Tyger"

respects him, but is also horrified. The existence of the Tyger is challenging to his faith.

Exposition

sets the scene gives a great deal of information: characters, setting, conflict, outcome

parallelism

similar grammatical structure to present ideas of equal importance

The Tyger vs the Lamb

songs of innocence (lamb) songs of experience (Tyger) SOI= question is already answered SOE= question is not answered

every sonnet has a __ & a ____

speaker and spoken to

"ever-fixed mark"

speaker compares love to north star which does not move and is used by sailors for guidance. Love is stable, and also relaibale for guidance.

"thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack"

speaker expresses the massiveness of people affected by this issue, but at the same time individualizes them by using common names

"So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee"

speaker has a confident tone. Repeats the idea that the sonnet is immortal, and makes his beloved immortal as well.

"What immortal hand or eye/ could frame thy fearful symmetry"

speaker uses synecdoche of "immortal hand or eye" to refer to the creator of the Tyger, for he needs a "hand" to mold and and "eye to envision. The use of "immortal" suggests the creator is unrecognizable or beyond our understanding, as well as "fearful symmetry". "Symmetry" is supposed to be recognizable, but this familiar sense of the word is taken away as it is described by "fearful".

Blake's 3 poems___, ____, & ____, all have the same rhyme scheme which is

the Lamb the Tyger the Chimney Sweeper couplets

Petrarchan sonnets express

the beauty, cruelty, and charm of the beloved which contrasts with the suffering of the forlorn lover

"Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade, when in eternal lines to time thou grow'st"

the speaker uses the personification of "Death" and emphasizes her idealization by saying it will not be able to "brag" for having her in its "shade". Not only will she escape death, but she will also "grow'st", for in the sonnet's "eternal lines" she is immortalized

role of couplet at the end of sonnets

to enhance, to add something that wasn't there, to enlarge

"misadventured"

tragedy

iambic pentameters start with___ followed by a ____

unstressed syllable (U) stressed syllable (I)

Connotations for an English summer day?

warm, bright, and green. It is the longed for season, however it is brief.