HA Ch.13 Cardiovascular System

Health History continued

Heart palpitations are an increased awareness of he heart beating or anxiety to an irregular heart rate, fast heart rate, cardiac abnormality, fear, stress, or anxiety Skin color changes - central cyanosis - peripheral cyanosis - short of breath - edema - nocturia - fainting

Two Types of Heart Murmurs

Innocent or physical Abnormal or pathological

Diagnostics for heart problems

Lipid profile Creatine Kinase-MB Troponin test (heart attack) ECG Echocardiography Holter monitor Exercise stress test --These are all important because they can give you a picture of whats going on inside the heart

Health History for CV Patients Continued

Medication history - Beta Blockers= decrease BP - Ace inhibitors = controls BP by regulating volume of fluids - Statins= decrease cholesterol levels - CA channel blockers - NItrate blockers Alcohol= 7 drinks per week for women 14 drinks per week for men

Health History for Cardiovascular Patients

OLDCARTS Family history- of heart disease, Rheumatic Fever, high BP, heart attacks Risk factors for cardiac disease- modifiable vs. non-modifiable Table 13-3 Genogram that you create while asking about cardiac history in the family is a useful tool

Abnormal Findings of inspecting the anterior chest

A right ventricular heave is visualized at the sternal border A left ventricular heave is seen at the apex

The Heart is a double pump. The left atria pumps blood to the _____________ : the left ventricle pumps blood to the ____________

A. Left ventricle; aorta

You are palpating an apical pulse on a patient. What characteristics should you assess? (select all that apply) A. Beats per minute B. Location C. Amplitude D. Rhythm E. Pulsations

B,C

You are auscultating heart sounds at the right 2nd intercostal space and hear a harsh, rumbling murmur. What other characteristics should you assess? (Select all that apply) A. Location B. Grades I through IV C. Intensity D. Pitch E. Configuration

C, D, E,

The patient reports chest pain with exertion. He states the pain feels like "someone is sitting on my chest." What is the etiology for this chest pain? A. Compression of the rib cage B. Lack of blood supply to the extremities C. Oxygen supply to the heart is insufficient D. Muscle contraction to the thoracic area

C.

Chest Pain

Requires and in depth pain assessment could be indicative of a MI or heart attack

What position(s) should the patient be in when assessing the heart?

Supine, fowlers, Semi-fowlers, L lateral

Heart Murmurs

abnormal heart sounds; a swishing or unusually prolonged sound indicative of turbulent blood flow in the vascular system --If there is a heart murmur you will know

APE TO MAN

aortic, pulmonic, erb's point, tricuspid, mitral