History 101 Final Exam
the first crusade
10,000 soldiers went through Constantinople and into Jerusalem and through violent and relentless combat, liberated Jerusalem from the Muslims
Joan of Arc
18 year old french peasant that visited the intended French king, Charles VII. She said God told her that she would help Charles regain the throne of France
The Carolingian Renaissance
Charlemagne desired a rebirth of education. He wanted to have an educated clergy that preserved the Roman heritage.
no
Could senators make laws
Sargon I
First world Conqueror (king of Akkad)
Emperor of the Romans
He was given this title by the Pope because he was the first king to seek the blessing of the Pope who hoped he would revive the Roman Empire
Between his 3 sons
How did Charlemagne divide his empire
she was burned at the stake for witchcraft
How did Joan of Arc die
through human interaction and exposure to fleas and infected vermin
How did the plague spread
stabbed him to death
How did the senate kill Caesar
The Siege of Caffa
Italians traded heavily with Asia through the Black Sea. Yet, they did not get along well with the Mongols that maintained many of trade posts.
Carolus Magnus
Latin for Charles the Great
helots
Spartan slaves captured in warfare and forced to harvest crops for the Spartans
Pilgrimage
Western Christians wanted to travel in large groups to see the Holy Land
7-20
What ages were boys put in military school
Orleans
What city did Joan of Arc liberate
princeps
What did Augustus call himself
gave them water supply is they lived far away, indoor plumbing, public bathing, and fountains
What did the aqueducts and irrigation systems do for the people of Rome
Augustus
What didi Octavian become
revered one
What does Augustus mean
"first among equals"
What does princeps mean
the lineage of the Pharaohs
What is the Egyptian Kingdoms based on
Gaul
What lands did Charlemagne create an empire
Cuneiform
What language is Hammurabi's code written in
His 3 sons fought and tore the empire apart
What made Charlemagne's empire to fall?
the land became dominated by Islamic forces
What made pilgrimage difficult for western Christians
Mesopotamia
What was the first recorded civilization?
flogged themselves (flagellants)
What would people do to themselves because they thought the plague was sent by God?
at the feet of pompey's statue
Where did Caesar die
Sparta and Athens
Who fought in the Peloponnesian war
England after they captured her.
Who killed Joan of Arc
Senate
Who killed caesar
Charlemagne
Who united the Franks
Julius Caesar
Who wanted to restore peace and prosperity to Rome and regulated the distribution of grain, land and created jobs through public works
Augustus
Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire
because Harold II claimed he was the new king of England
Why did William the Duke of Normandy invade England in 1066?
They thought God was punishing them
Why did people flog themselves over the plague?
so the king can have them in the afterlife
Why did people place food, wine, clothes, and other valuables in the pyramids
because he improved the standard of living and reduced the influence of the Senate
Why did the people love Julius Caesar?
because he threatened their power
Why did the senate kill Caesar
because Edward 3rd's sons had symbols, red and white roses, that represented them in battles
Why was it called the " Wars of Roses "
hubris
_____ was the source of almost all Greek tragedies
mythology
a collection of stories that explain the origin of life , the forces of nature, spiritual events or deities
Bubonic plague
a disastrous disease that killed 25 million Europeans, one-third of the population, and shattered any growth achieved during the medieval period.
sophists
a group of philosophers that questioned human behavior and moral codes
William Duke of Normandy
a powerful noble in France and his fiefdom was Normandy. His cousin was the king of England
The holy roman empire
a really loose connection of Germanic kingdoms. The numerous kings from this area fought each other and offered their highly trained soldiers as mercenaries for other European nations to gain allies
Julius Caesar
a strong leader the conquered Gaul and the barbaric lands, he supported the populares and the rights of the people
democracy
a system in which the people can rule themselves based on their location instead of their family line
dark ages
a time when there is no education or cultural growth. The death of Rome killed prosperity and with it education and technology
the peloponnesian war
a war between Athens and Sparta over Superiority in Greece
senators
advisors of Rome
anarchy
after the collapse of the Roman Empire the western lands fell under constant barbarian attacks and suffered violent political riots as war-lords struggled for control
socratic method
all knowledge you need is within you and you have to seek it out; answer is within you
The war of the Roses
another aspect of the 100 years war and confusion over who was the true king developed into numerous battles between the descendants of Edward III
The Hundred Years War
between England and France over English claimed lands in France and who sat on the French throne
Pyramids
built as tombs/temples for god kings (pharaohs)
etruscans
earliest known civilization in Rome ruled by aristocratic kings.
hubris
excessive pride
Hammurabi's code
first recorded legal code
Carolus Magnus (Charles the Great)
he was a strong warrior and conquered Italy, the German lands, and most of Eastern Europe.
for life
how long did senators in rome serve
300
how many people were in the senate
Egyptian Kingdoms
how the Egyptian history is divided
Anti-Semitism
increased violence towards Jews as a result of the plague because people believed God was punishing Europe for accepting the murders of Christ
philosophy
means the love of wisdom; it encourages critical thinking about the physical world instead of the prior mythological beliefs
Sparta
military city-state in greece
constantine
moved the capitol from Rome to Constantinople to improve trade and save Rome from collapsing under its own weight
vandals
sacked Rome and brought and end to the empire
aqueducts
stone walls used gravity to transport water from the Tiber River or mountain springs to the people
the spread of the plague
the bacteria spread quickly from Black Sea ports to Italy and France. It also spread through human interaction and exposure to fleas and infected vermin.
Simony
the buying or selling of church privileges, pardons, or offices.
Simony and Indulgences
the church grew in economic power through these two acts. People would give the church money or land for personal gain.
etruscans
the decedents of these people became the ruling class of Rome and they ended up owning most of the land
Council of Clermont 1095
the decree of Pope Urban II which challenged Christians to take up arms and push the Muslims out of Jerusalem.
Cuneiform
the earliest known written language created by the people of Mesopotamia
the Lancasters
the family of the 3rd son of Edward III and used the Red Rose as their symbol
the York's
the family of the 4th son of Edward VII and used a White rose as their symbol
Pharaoh
the god-king; came to earth to rule the people
patricians
the high social class of Rome; they were the land owners and the ruling class
Knights Templar
the knights of the temple, were highly trained warriors that protected pilgrims and other soldiers as they traveled to Jerusalem. -Merchants sought them out to defend their trade and transport of gold, an endeavor that made them exceptionally wealthy
mesopotamia
the land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers
Athens
the largest city-state in Greece.
Indulgences
the offering or money or land for the forgiveness of sin
plebeians
the poor working class of Rome; they could not vote, hold office or even marry into the Patricians
Five good emperors
the rulers of Rome that lead based on moral philosophy and humility
Yersinia Pestis
the scientific name for the bacteria that caused the illness. It caused high fever and dark boils caused by bleeding under the skin.
Feudalism
the social and political system of Medieval Europe in which the king gave land to nobles in exchange for military service and loyalty
Vassal
the soldier that served the nobleman and defend the villagers. In exchange for this service the vassal received food, shelter and a social position
The holy roman empire
the title of this empire was an attempt by the Roman Catholic church, which had strong ties to the land.
Saladin
the victorious Muslim ruler said he would allow Christians to visit Jerusalem and prevent Islamic attacks on visitors
Charlemagne
was the first to restore stability to the region. He united the Franks and created an empire in the land of Gaul.
moral philosophy and humility
what did the five good emperors of Rome rule based in
they offered wisdom and great influence
what did the senate do in rome
Sparta
what was Athens rival city-state
hubris
when men try to become god-like and ultimately fail; pride
Constantine
who was the first Christian Emperor of Rome
Scriptoria
writing rooms for monks to re-write the works of the early Romans and Christians.
Hammurabi
wrote down or engraved the first legal code. He was the greatest king of Babylon