hwst sg

How is a Makatea island created?

Coral reefs/atolls pushed above sea level by tectonic plates

This land division consists of a plot for gardening maintained by 'ohana.

Mo'o

Hawaiian word for Arts and Crafts

Na Mea No'eau

example of mokupuni

Oahu

ikua

October-noisy, clamorous, loud-voiced, voices of the elements

Hawaii born in state of

Pono

what is kapa and how is it used?

a fabric made from fibers of a plant, beat into different patterns used for clothes and blankets

plants and animals didn't need to be ____ in order to _____

aggressive, survive

mahi'a

agricultural practices developed around natural enviroment

The ____ is the most important traditional land division because it provided all resources necessary to sustain life.

ahupua'a

lei is an example of

an adornment

Hawaiian time was about the

appropriate time

Hula is an example of this definition of Hawaiian art

art a movement with a meaning/storytelling, done for procreation purposes

endemic

(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or prevalent in a field

How was Hawai'i able to be 100% self-sufficient?

-Honored environment and treated w/ respect (not overharvesting, learning best practices)-land division management-cultural values-kuleana and aloha for the environment-resourcefulness (wasting was not part of the culture)

How does negatively altering the environment negatively impact culture, people and practices?

-deep connections to the land, it can erode their cultural identity and connection to the land-displacement and migration-health and economic impact-erosion of traditions-loss of food and biodiversity

the 1778 population estimate in Hawaii was _____ based on evidence of ______

1 million, food production

What were some of the traditional purposes of tattoos in the Pacific

1. genealogical story 2. puberty 3. societal rank

how is Hawaiian art related to mana

1. made from environment 2. handmade with energy and aloha put in it

three main reasons why the atoll is considered among the most difficult places for life

1. no fresh water 2. no good soil 3. low resources

Natural species arrive to an island via one of the following ways

1. wings 2. waves 3. wind

ocean covers

1/3 of world

The Pacific Ocean is home to approximately how many islands?

10,000

How many islands are in Ka Pae 'Āina o Hawai'i?

132

Ka Pae 'Āina o Hawai'i

132 islands hawaiian archipelago Began over 100 million yrs Ago most isolated- 2000 miles away islands move 3 inches a year hotspot in pacific ocean chain stretches for 1500 miles

anahulu

3, 10 day weeks (moon cycle)

how much of the earth does the pacific cover?

30%

due to success of land divisions, Hawaiians only had to work

4 hours a day

Hawaii ___ percent rate of ____ species

95, endemic

island types

continental atoll makatea volcanic

ho'oilo

cool-wet season

The Happy Face Spider is an example of what type of species?

endemic

The _____ is the Single Largest _____ on the Development of a _____!

environment, influencer, culture

what is aumakua?

family guardian represented in a specific plant or animal

mahi i'a

farming fish

main source of Hawaiian protein is

fish

poepoe

full

What is the most important definition of Hawaiian art?

functional

How did Hawaiians specifically view their environment?

god, ancestor, provider values emphasize importance of aina and allowed for success

kau

hot-dry season (ikua)

lo'i

irrigated gardening system

hawaii is high in endemism because of its

isolation and variety of environments (95%0 endemic

Kapu and land management systems outline _______, because humans mess up ______

kuleana to 'āina, pono

continental island type includes

large land space old metamorphic rock makeup diverse resources fertile soil

atoll islands

low limestone islands remains of former volcanic island ring of coral reefs surround (lagoon) most difficult habitat for life tuamotu

good leaders in hawaii would be both

malama aina and kanaka

mahina

months, dictated by moon (29.5 day cycle)

Kaulana Mahina

moon calendar (place based methodology) dictates the seasons

farming, fishing, and religious practices are based on the

moon cycle

This land division ran from ____ into the _____.

mountains, sea

indigenous

originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

mahi'ai and lawai'a

practices dictated by physical environment

what does an aumakua do?

provide protection, guidance, wisdom

makatea islands

raised limestone island coral reefs pushed above sea level by tectonic plates some have volcanic cores guam

continental islands

rock characteristics of continents island-arc old metaphoric rock (obsidian) diverse resources and fertile soil expansive land mass papau new guenia

volcanic islands

rock/lave material peak rising from sea floor restricted rock types reasonable soil wet windward/ dry leeward coral: barrier reef hawai'i (mountains, coastal cliffs, valleys)

staple crop of traditional Hawaiian diet?

taro

What is the complete definition of mālama 'āina?

to care for and nurture the land so she can care for us

Hawai'i is an example of the _____ island type

volcanic

Hawaii is _____ and __ out of __ climate zones

volcanic, 11/13

emi

waning, getting smaller

ho'nonui

waxing, getting bigger

most prized Hulu color

yellow because of its rarity

What values and practices can we utilize today in regards to Mālama 'Āina to impact positive change in Hawai'i?

be respectful and resourceful with the environment, only take what you need