Lecture notes

define kinship care

- can be formal or informal (family legally becomes caregiver/guardian or done in between the family -associated with best outcomes vs other foster options

define illness

-A temporary and acute state with certain physical and psychological symptoms that terminate once that individual had fully recovered

what is the definition of abuse and neglect

-Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm -can differ from state to state

what are the challenges associated with ambiguous loss and acquisition

-Changes in expressive boundaries may be independent from changes in instrumental boundaries • Ex: brother has a gf, adoption, divorce -Family gamble: prospect of change can disturb boundary maintenance -Lack of social ritual for some losses or acquisitions

define resilience

-Competent functioning among those who have been exposed to significant risk -Could be unexpected competent functioning

define boundary ambiguity

-Confusion -Not knowing who is in or out of one's family -Incongruence between physical and psychological

what is adultification

-Contextual, social, and developmental processes in which you are prematurely and often inappropriately exposed to adult knowledge and assume extensive adult roles and responsibilities within their family networks

what are the critiques of symbolic interactionism

-Criticized for failing to recognize objective realities and structural constraints, and for being idealist

define reconstructing identity

-Define family boundaries -Develop shared values and views • What hurts -Discrimination and stigma -Forced uprooting -Isolation and disconnection -Resisting change

define ecological systems theory

-Ecological systems theory -helps us identify what risk and protective factors are important and why certain problems change individuals and families and how family problems connect with developmental outcomes and family relationships -importance of environmental contexts and proximal processes in understanding behavior and patterns of adaptation 5 parts: 1.Microsystem 2.Mesosystem 3.Exosystem 4. Macrosystem 5. Chronosystem

family resilience

-Establish positive relationships with others outside immediate family environment -Frugal and creative in the use of limited physical and financial resources -Place a strong priority on family as a unit by encouraging the development and contributions of each family member -Healthy families have a balanced sense of togetherness and individuality, are sufficiently flexible to accommodate change, and have clar, open and consistent communication -During crisis they alter their patterns of function and then return to less extreme patterns once crisis passes. These individual family characteristics interact with the infleunces of time to shape family resilience

define type 1: physical absence with psychological presence

-Ex: people who are missing or have been deployed -can lead to confusion, immobilization

define precocious knowledge

-Exposed to knowledge earlier than we would expect and earlier than is appropriate -are visually exposed to types of behaviors from which other children are often shiled -Does not involve children assuming adult roles -Ex: seeing parents fighting or their financial hardships -Most common form -Least severe form

how do you help families with ambiguous loss

-Finding meaning -Tempering mastery -Reconstructing identity -Normalizing ambivalence -Revising attachment -Discovering hope

define discovering hope

-Finding spirituality -Imagining options -Laughing at absurdity -Revising the psychological family • What hurts o Persistent hope for closure

define age

-Hard to corral children to do right thing -More vulnerable—may not have cognitive, verbal, or physical means to fight back -Easier for parents to get away with it because they aren't spending as much time in other institutions such as school

define symbolic interactionism

-Humans are inherently social -Individuals actively create and revise own and other's identities by interpreting interaction using symbols -Rejects behaviorist psychology but gives great attention to behavior

define stereotypes

-Knowledge structures that evolve as part of "normal" development in a culture; -ways in which humans categorize information about groups of people -often framed as seemingly fact-based belief with a negative evaluative component

define mentor

-Mentoring the child to support and encourage desired behaviors -mentor helps child to learn about himself or herself, as well as about how the world works and what his or her roles can be

define model

-Modeling behavior to provide a consistent, positive example for the child -Ex: demonstrating correct behavior to child not yelling showing manners

define significant risk perspective

-More traditional perspective -Continuous Chronic exposure to adverse social conditions; exposure to a traumatic event or severe adversity; or combo of two, will rely on population estimates -Ex: drug addiction -Non-normative issues (not expected)

define mothers vs. fathers

-Mothers are usually involved with more of the instrumental care than fathers

define revising attachment

-Moving from despair to protest -Thinking systematically -Developing memorial ceremonies and farewell rituals -Including children and adolescents in therapy when parents or siblings disappear

define finding meaning

-Name the problem -Positive attribution -Perceiving suffering as inevitable -Need to consider families definitions of their o Demands and capabilities o Identity as a family (internally as a unit) o World view (systems outside of the family) what hurts -Hate and revenge -Secrets -Violent and sudden loss -Disillusionment

how big of a problem is adultification

-Not great info on prevalence -Context dependent and hard to understand

define normalizing ambivalence

-Not the only one having an experience like you have, there is other people having it -Normalizing guilt and negative feelings, but not harmful actions -Reassessing and reconstructing the psychological family -Seeing the community as family -Asking questions about context and situation -Bringing ambivalent feelings into the open -Seeing conflict as positive -Developing tolerance to tension • What hurts • Using only a symptom focus • Expecting typical coping and adaptations

define peerification/ spousification

-Parents treat child more like an adult and rely on them for emotional support or other things -now the child is more like the parents peer -hierarchy and generational boundaries are leveled -slides into spousification when a child's instrumental duties and responsibilities model those of a spouse or partner

what do minority groups struggle with

-Physical survival: morbidity, health risk, food security • Ex: marshmallow study o Waiting for 1 vs 2 marshmallows, food insecurity, defiance and trust can effect this -Power: bodies, parenting, maintaining and transmitting culture/ world view -Identity: assimilation vs. resistance

define vulnerability

-Poor adaptation in response to demands that increases risk of dysfunction and negative developmental outcomes -Ex: family loses job, becomes depressed = at risk for further dysfunction

what are the risk factors for abuse

-Poverty -Domestic violence -Incarceration -Mental health -Substance use mothers vs. fathers age

define life-as-risk perspective

-Practitioners and applied researchers -Encourage prevention and intervention that focus on individual and family strengths rather than deficits -We expect life to be difficult -Ex: just because its hard, doesn't mean you're doing it wrong -Normative issues (normal issues, expected)

define prevent

-Preventing risky behavior or problems before they arise -doing this prevents potential problems -parents need to be selective with setting limits, primarily be establishing boundaries on the most important behaviors their child is engaged in

how does white privilege affect research

-Research has "centered" analyses on middle-class whites -assumes economic stability and the privilege of seeking personal autonomy as more normative and relevant than being part of an oppressed group -Most of what has been said about minority groups has been said by someone within the majority -Marginalizes diverse experiences of minorities; the goal is to not to invalidate the majority, but to more broadly represent the diversity that exists.

define respond

-Responding to the child in an appropriate manner and not just reacting to their child's behavior or needs -response should be appropriate oEx: explaining to a child why their behavior is wrong

Define PACC

-Strengths based model for parenting minority children -focuses on parents capacity to protect, provide affection to, and correct, and connect their children to viable and supportive netwoeks

what is typically present in a socially toxic environment

-all the things that demoralize families and communities: • violence • poverty • disrupted relationships • nastiness • despair • depression • paranoia • alienation

what is the functional definition of the family unit

-an individual may belong to more than 1 family unit at a time -not all family members may include or exclude the same people in their definition of family -the family environment includes psychological and social resources that may strongly influence the behavior of family members

define contact

-best way to improve attitudes about people with mental illnees -those who interact with an individual of mental illness are likely to be less prejudicial than individuals without this kind of contact

define parentification

-child is on a full time quasi-parent role Responsibility put on child to either co-parent of be the only person playing a parental role inside the family -Most severe -is observed in economically disadvantaged families in which the parents are substance abusers -extreme form of adultification

define traditional foster care

-child placed with family that he or shes does not have a prior relationship with/ does not know -quality of foster parent-child relationship varies

what are the types of maltreatment

-children can experience more than 1 form -Neglect (most common substantiated form of abuse) -Physical abuse -Psychological maltreatment -Sexual abuse -Other (ex: abandonment or lack of supervision)

define mentored adultification

-children moving beyond precocious knowledge to the assumption of adult-like roles with limited adult supervision -the parent retains authority over the child and will still exercise necessary and appropriate parenting behaviors -generational boundaries are somewhat clear Ex: doing laundry

define coping

-cognitive activity incorporating an assessment of impending harm (primary appraisal), -assessment of the consequences of any coping action (secondary appraisal)

what is the middle class childrearing logic

-concerted cultivation -in the end this encourages an emerging sense of entitlement

define residential care

-consider last resort because its considered an invasive intervention and the youth have not been successful in other placement types and the kids placed here are the most difficult to treat and its the most costly of all options -small group homes and large, structured institutions

define proximal

-day-to-day relationships that are most important to developing individual and bear directly on critical psychosocial outcomes

identities....

-embodied within individuals, but operate within and are affected by structures of power -neither exclusive nor discrete; can cause conflict among identities

define psychological family

-emotional connection, thoughts about each other

define family stress theory

-explores why some family systems adapt and even grow and thrive when faced with situational stressors or transitional events but some deteriorate and disintegrate under similar circumstances

define termination of parental rights (TPR)

-extreme action initiated by the state to irrevocably sever the legal bond between parent and child... based on decision of the judge

what is emphasized in the faar model

-families engage in active processes to balance family demands with family capabilities as these interact with family meanings to arrive at a level of family adjustment or adaptation

what are the consequences of food insecurity

-health risks -associated with low levels of energy, maternal depression, and ovesity

how does the family structure effect poverty

-higher in families with one adult instead of 2 and higher in families headed by a woman

define constructivist perspective

-how people view the relationships and situations they are involved in -Human create meaningful mental frameworks for understanding -People attribute meaning to what happens to them and this is their basis for self-understanding and understanding of the world -People have different experiences that lead them to different ways of experiencing similar things -attention to context, especially oppression and larger forces ex: brick house, give same materials and still come up with different results

define informal supports

-less organized or structured including group associations and network of personal and social relationships maintained voluntarily, such as a spouse of a partner, co-worker, etc. -readily accessed and no financial cost

what are childrearing strategies influenced by

-life experiences and resources including parents economic resources -occupation conditions -educational backgrounds -

define intelligence

-multifaceted, multilayered qualities of the mind that allow us to develop a range of competencies • linguistic, interpersonal and intrapersonal -locus of control

define the queer feminism perspective

-no one can achieve the natural because it is perfection and perfection does not exist in reality -seeks to define difference because difference should be advocated for and celebrated

define physical family

-peoples actual bodies and whether they are operating

define crisis

-period of significant dis-equilibrium and disorganization within a family -A time of intense danger/trouble, usually unexpected

when are children placed in foster care

-placed when courts deem it "too dangerous to continue to live in their homes

what are the issues associated with foster care

-placement instability -separation from siblings -runaways -aging out: in VA 1/3 end up incarcerated within 2 years

define the purposes of childhood

-play develop basic competence

what is environmental press

-process of normalization -circumstances confronting and surrounding an individual; -psychosocial momentum that guides individuals in a particular direction; principle of progressive conformity ; -people tend to come to resemble the environments they inhabits

what are the ways to change stigmga

-protest -education -contact

define grandparent resilience

-result of the interactions between the resilient personal characteristics of grandparents and grandchildren and aspects of their larger environment -varies over time with changes in a family's environment and circumstances -individual characteristics: resourcefulness, be able to judge or appraise a situation with positivity, feeling empowered by the caregiving role , social networks, etc.

what are the outcomes of adultification

-risk and resilience

define pride

-sense of pride in being stubborn and refusing to give in to difficult situations and getting back up when pushed down, people didn't believe in them and they still beat the odds—represents strength and confidence needed to transcend

what does the UN say are the rights of a child

-should be shielded from adult, economic, political, and sexual forces; -don't need to pay own way or earn their keep -Childhood and play: the case and consequence of evolution

define SNAF

-standard north american family -idealized family form comprising of a heterosexual married couple with children

define self-stigma

-stigmatizing views of public internalized -shame and psych distress, wishing you could be different, wanting to change -You create a stigma about yourself ex: I have a mental illness, I must be crazy

define A in the ABCX model

-stressor event

define demographic correlates

-strongly related to financial insecurity -households with children and even those with younger children -female headed houses -households located in principal cities of metropolitan areas

define transcendence

-thatss what happened to me. It's not who I am. o It's a process not an event

define pain tolerance

-the ability to recognize, live with, accept, understand its source and master it- breeds the strength necessary for transcendence o dole out pain in manageable doses

what are the 3 goals of the foster care system

-the foster care system is part of the welfare system 1. Protect children from harm (most important goal) 2. Preserve existing family units 3. Encourage children development into independent adults

what is intersectionality

-the interconnected nature of social categorizations as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage

define assets

-these influence how a family manages -determine the relationship between risk and outcome

what is resilience

-unexpected competent functioning / doing well in the face of adversity -a process involving at least 2 family members where risks and protective factors interact relative to a specified outcome -involves transactions between multiple systems in the ecological context; both risk and protective factors can emerge within individuals, families, and or community contexts

define food consumption strategies

-using leftovers to cook meals, storing extra foods in freezer for later, serving smaller amounts of food, preparing large pot meals that allowed households to stretch low cost ingredients

define ABCX Model

-way to view Family stress perspective -Abcx model •A: stressor event •B: resources a family or individual has available •C: perception of event •X: amount of stress resulting from a,b,c /crisis

define locus of control

-what is in power and not in your power, what can and cant be changed

define self efficacy

-what you do makes a difference and you can achieve what you want based on your effort

what are the core functions of the family

1. membership and family formation 2. economic support 3. nuturance, education, and socialization 4. protection of vulnerable members

what are the forms of adultification

1. precocious knowledge 2. mentored adultification 3. peerification/ spousification 4. parentification

what is the CWS process for suspected abuse

1. screening 2. response

define stigma

A mark of disgrace associated with a person -social disapproval based on perceived flaws of the group to which they belong ex: gay people

define meta-analysis

A method for combining and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data

define stonewall riots

A series of violent riots against the police by the gay community

describe boundary ambiguity and ambiguous loss in the ABCX model / family stress perspective

A: stressor event or situation (ambiguous loss) c: the perception of event or situation, (boundary ambiguous)

define emerging sense of entitlement

An idea that emerges that children deserve adult attention and individualization

define label avoidance

Avoid getting help because you don't want to be labeled -perhaps not seeking services

What are the critiques of the ABCX model

Critiques: •Way too simplistic: More than one thing can be a stressor •Static nature of model, there's a beginning and end •Thinking of things as events rather than processes, ex: divorce

define non normative demands

Demands that are not usually expected -You can not prepare for nonnormative demands ex: dealing with a health crisis, take car of a terminally ill child

what are the 2 models used to discuss family stress perspective

FAAR model and ABCX model

define risk factors

Factors that make you more susceptible to adverse conditions

define FAAR model

Family adjustment and adaptation response model -Dynamic nature of how families respond to stress -Sometimes demand of needs may outweigh resources and vice versa

define salutogenic

Focusing on factors that promote human health

define multiple partner fertility

Having a child with more than one partner

define monitor

Monitoring the childs contact with his or her surrounding world -conscious level of engagement in assessing how individual family members are doing both at the current time and in comparison to the past -goal is to detect any potential problems early so that they can be addressed ex: not too much video games

define normative demands

Normal expectations or demands -you can prepare for normative demands ex: Getting a job, paying taxes, etc.

define concerted cultivation

Parenting style that focuses on cultivating the child's talents by incorporating activities into their everyday lives that do this

ambiguous loss can be described as

Relational process oriented traumatic externally caused paradoxcal

define marginalization

Social disadvantage of exclusion of people in society -Blacks are marginalized when it comes to finding work -Gays are marginalized when it comes to buying a house

define privilege

Something that is unearned and gives you a leg up in a situation

define family capability

The ability for the family to handle certain situation, based on strengths, family dynamic, etc.

define discrimination

The act of excluding people -behavioral result of prejudice -taking away a rightful opportunity or averse reactions to a target group

define public stigma

The attitudes and beliefs the general public creates about people with mental health issues -encountered in community and social work

define emerging sense of constraint

The opposite of entitlement, based on a person's characteristics.... they are unable to do things

define family structure

The role each family member plays in the family Mom: cooks, cleans, manages the house Dad: breadwinner

define family demands

The things that are required/expected of a family -Social support, team work

define microsystem

This is the most important sector of the ecological systems theory, direct contact occurs here ex: family

what are the 2 types of boundary ambiguity

Type 1: physical absence with psychological presence Type 2: psychological absence with physical presence

define individual vs family outcome

What the individual gets from the family vs what the family receives

define family homeostasis

When the family is functioning smoothly and is constant -set of behaviors that are always in flux to help the family balance the needs of their individual members while ensuring the subunits of the family have what they need to thrive

define gender identity

a persons experience of their gender

define adoptable

ability to attract others who become mentors and surrogates who light the way and fill the gaps left by the past; must choose to accept relationship with those willing to adopt

define food security

access by all people at all times to enough food for an active healthy life

what are the childrearing strategies of the working class and poor

accomplishment of natural growth -as long as they provide love, food, and safety, their children will grow and thrive -fosters a sense of constraint

define food provisioning strategies

acquisition strategies that included shopping for low-priced food, purchasing store or generic brands, purchasing in large quantities, utilizing coupons, shopping at discount stores, etc.

define coping strategies

actual responses to the appraisal

define poverty line

adjusted annually for inflation and takes into account the number of people in a family -the larger the family size, the higher the poverty line

what is a family problem

any stress the family may go through -defined by family or society -effected by expectations, interpretations, persepctive

queer families

are subject to stigma and discrimination -not inherently broken

define stigma consciousness

awareness of the negative stigma

define episodic poverty

being poor for atleast 2 consecutive months in the same time period

how is an individuals coping behavior organized

by the cognitive processes that leads to emotional response -can be chosen to deal with the problem or cover it up

define protective factors

can be: -attribution style (externalizing blame to explainable forces rather than internalizing it to unexplainable focres) -response style -cognitive style (optimistic vs pessimisitc) -social skills (connecting vs isolating) -problem solving skills (seek help from others vs going at it alone

what are the challenges/ rewards of grandparent-grandchild relationships

challenges -generation gap (may feel that they are out of touch with the issues of today) -stress -social stigma from peers and professionals rewards -2nd chance a parenting

define protection of vulnerable members

childhood and as adults age, illness and disability can increase support for vulnerable members

as the environment becomes more toxic, who is most vulnerable

children -those who have accumulated more risk factors will show the effects of social toxicity the most, and most dramtically

define placement stability

children in kinship care tend to stay in the same kinship home meaning they do not move -greater placement stability that non relative foster care

define coping process

cognitive appraisal of what is happening

define steeling

cognitive strategy whereby low-income fathers came to adjust their views about the realistic possibilities they had for engagement in their children's lives over time -required them to set their sights lower

define vicarious impact

concern for stigma affecting mentally ill family member

what are the relationship changes associated with chronic illness

conflict ex: role confusion, anger, depression complicated greif -individuals cope differently shifting responsibilities

poverty can change the way the brain

develops in young children as a result of stress

what are the poverty rates by region

differ around the country but the south is the poorest region followed by the midwest and then the northeast

define coping behaviors

direct action behaviors that are used to change a stressed relation with ones physical or social environment and intrapsychic forms of coping

define macrosystem

embodies the attitudes and beliefs of the cultural setting

define community capacity

extent to which community members demonstrate a sense of shared responsibility for the general welfare of the community and its members and demonstrates collective competence in taking advantage of opportunities for addressing community needs and confronting situations that threaten the safety and well being of community members

define nuturance, education, and socialization

feeling loved and valued and worthwhile

what are the ways to help families living with ambiguous loss

finding meaning tempering mastery reconstructing identity normalizing ambivalence revising attachment discovering hope

what are the coping strategies for food insecurity

food provisioning food consumption social network institutional strategies

define economic support

food, shelter, clothing, contributing member to society

define orchid

fragile child comparison

define synergetic

high shared responsibility, high collective competence

define relational

high shared responsibility, low collective competence

define connection

highlights the importance of social, emotional, and cultural belongingness for african american boys

define family myth

how a person represents the family in their own mind

define relational

individual cannot be ambiguously lost to themselves

define exosystems

industry, mass media, social service -individual cannot control these

define formal supports

intentionally constructed networks, systems, and help-giving sources, often compromising professional or expert providers -goal is to strengthen informal community connections

define mesosystem

interactions of microsystems

define pathological

involving or caused by mental disease

define tempering mastery

is about efficacy/ capability, what is in your control, how much autonomy do you have -Recognizing the world is not always just and fair -Where views of mastery originate -Decreasing self blame -Externalizing the blame what hurts -Too much/little mastery -Belief that bad things cant happen to good people -Belief that one's efforts will always result in desired outcome

poverty rate for us is children

is highest of all wealthy democracies

define protest

it highlights the injustices of various forms of stigma and chastise offenders for their stereotypes and discrimination

what are the different types of placement in foster care

kinship care residential care traditional foster care

define affection

knowingly affirm, show that they care, and nurture the physical, social, emotional, and cultural identity of their sons -showing they are valued and important

define ambiguous loss

lack of information regarding a family member's absence/ death despite symptoms at the individual level -has uncertainty

define food insecurity

limtied access to adequate food due to lack of money and other resources

what is not adultification

look at chart on page 173

define education programs

low cost broad reach

define able

low shared responsibility, high collective competence

define disengaged

low shared responsibility, low collective competence

unless crisis occurs, the family is

managing its level of stress -managing high stress and being resilient are indeed the alternative outcome to falling into crisis

define identified patient

member of a dysfunctional family that bears family dysfunction

shared responsibility is a n

necessary and prerequisite condition for demonstrating collective competence

define transphobia

negative attitudes and feelings towards transgender people due to their gender presentation

define homophobia

negative attitudes and hostile feelings about gay people

define prejudice

negative emotion and evaluation of a group -its when people agree with the stereotype -internal ex: homophobia

what is the most common form of abuse

neglect

define functional autonomy

new skills and behaviors that were not present before, but evolve out of the need to use them to address a challenge or stressor

define the impact of chronic illness

objective impact: -Deterioration of function -Inability to communicate -Infection -Loss of independence -Increased difficulty to complete daily tasks subjective impact: -Disruption of life -Loss of identity -Change in relationships -Stress -Perceived loss of control -Inability to cope

a family is not healthy if

one member is suffering

a family is not coping functionally if even

one member manifests distress symptoms

define marginal food security

only one or 2 reported indications of problems with access to food and some anxiety over food sufficiency or food shortages in the house

define protection

p in pacc -parents intentional sheltering from, instructions about, and monitoring of threats or harm to their child's physical, emotional, and cultural identities -discernment of real threats that cause harm to children

the social class effects ones what styles

parenting style

define correction

parents providing intentional support for their sons healthy adaptive behaviors while confronting maladaptive behaviors that undermine the physical, emotional, cultural identity, humanity and voice of their children -most difficult parenting practice

define c in the ABCX model

perception of event -family's definition of the event as threatening -if a family sees an event as one it can handle, a crisis will be lessened or prevented -if a family sees an event as one it cannot handle, a crisis will occur or be more severe

define boundary maintenance

perimeters of a system are secure and well defined -boundary maintenance issues are most likely to occur at transitional periods

what needs to happen for an adoption to work

person needs to know how to accept and use what others offer

communities are defined by

place (human made boundaries) and geographic boundaries and social connections

poor children are likely to end up as

poor adults, drop out of highschool, become a teenaged parent, have employment problems

why is adultification a paradox

poses a developmental conflict between children's need for adult guidance and care and the requirement that these needs be suppressed and ignored

society should strive to promote

positive pathways through middle childhood for all children, regardless of background, by ensuring access to critical resources now and in the future

what is the fundamental shift that needs to occur when thinking about poverty

poverty effects us all because it costs so many tax dollars to help the poor and because a majority of people can expect to be poor or near poor at some point in the lives -recognition that poverty stems from much from the lack of opportunity and jobs, declining gov help for the poor and other structural failings of society than from individual failing -poverty must be seen as a moral problem and injsutics

define family stigma/ courtesy stigma

prejudice and discrimination experience because of relatives diagnosed with mental illness

what function do families fulfill

primary agents of socialization -need for physical and emotional comfort

define family adaptation

process of restoring balance between capabilities and demands at two levels of transaction: -between family members and the family unit -between a family unit and the community

define maturation

process of transformation whereby a man restructures his identity and changes his behavior to fulfill the roles required by his new identity

social categories can

provide meaningful information about an individual's or family's experiences and behavior -Social categories: race/ethnicity, gender, income, age, disability, religion, SES

the most influential macro factor impacting the exclusion and inclusion of queers is

public opinion

define social network strategies

reliance on kin, significant other males, friends, and neighbors

define learning from past mistakes

represents the behavioral outcomes of cognitive adaptation

what are the outcomes

resilience and vulnerability

define resilience vs resiliency

resiliency: used to refer to an individual trait resilience: used to describe the process of successfully overcoming adversity

define daffodil

resilient child comparison

define institutional strategies

resources beyond the household level such as wic

define B in the ABCX model

resources of a family or individual -whether a given event becomes a crisis for a given family is determined by the resources of a family, its role structure, flexibility, and previous history with crisis

define RPM3

respond prevent monitor mentor model

what is the goal of the child welfare system

respond to the needs of children who have been reported to CPS because of abuse and or neglect

what is the effect of marginalization

resulted in clear distinction between bad and good fathers

what are the most critical resources

schools and neighborhooods

define segregation

schools of color are more likely to not have the resources they need to function

define membership and family formation

sense of belonging, providing identity and meaning, continuation of species

define skipped-generation households

situations where the grandchilds parents are not present in the home -in this household grandparents typically have the sole or major responsibility for all aspects of their grandchildren's care ex: parental substance abuse, child abuse and neglect, parental mental or emotional distress and parental criminal behavior.

define social stratification

social postion racism segregation -creates unique conditions and pathways for children of color and of immigrant families

transcendence 101

some families have to be left behind -may be marginalized within the family or the child disidentifies with the family and its way of life -those who do transcend work to find alternative sources of support

what are the types of communities

synergetic relational able disengaged

what is a myth

that if people really wanted to work they could -people are mostly working, unemployed but looking for work or unable to work because of their age of health

define heteronormativy

the belief that heterosexuality is the only valued way of being

define cumulative risk

the buildup of risk factor affects family outcomes, such that the more risk factors a family has, the hight the prevalence of problems

define aging out

the child becomes too old for foster care -When you turn 18 you age out of the foster-care system -This happens if you have not been placed back with your family and or if you have not been placed with another family

define sex

the classification of people as either male or female, usually assigned shortly after birth

what is food insecurity most closely associated with

the demographic correlates of social class (poverty), race, place, and family composition

define social capital

the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively

define family gamble

the prospect of change can disturb boundary maintenance

what is true about stressor

the same stressor affects individuals in different ways -stress produces differing degrees of strain on family members -one persons response to stress may create stress for other family members

define X in the ABCX model

the severity of the crisis

define socially toxic environment

the typical world of children, the social context in which they grow up, has become poisonous to their development

what is the profile of grandparent caregivers

they are more likely to be poor, single, older ,less educated, and unemployed than families in which at least one parent is present

what are the effects of foster care

they depend on the placement type, stability, duration, and most importantly the quality of care by the adults in childrens live

people and poverty

they go into and out of it but do not usually move very far from it

define chronosystem

time period

define inclusion

ways that people are included and allowed access to rights and priviledges

define exclusion

ways that people are marginalized and denied access to rights and privileges

define co-parenting/ co raising

when grandparents live with their grandchildren and their and their adult children ex: helping out financially, assisting because of a childs divorce or helping out financially

the most typical poor person is

white

what gender is more likely to be poor

women

define memories

• o organize lives around transcending it; memories serve as a goad in the struggle to over come; how do you know who you are if you just forget the past

what are the examples from the laureau reading

• Williams: middle class, concerted cultivation - kid is in millions of clubs • Mcalister: poor working class, accomplishment of natural growth, hunts around for a basketball, etc.

define chronic illness

•A semi-permanent, or permanent, long-term state with varying physical and psychological symptoms that may persist, progress, or eventually end -Lot of uncertainty •Ex: -osteoporosis, IBS, (physical) -Alzheimer's, dementia, (cognitive) -Depression, bipolar disorder (psychological

define type 2: psychological absence with physical presence

•tbi, coma, dementia -can lead to confusion, immobilization