Legal Rights in Education

FERPA

1974 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (Buckley Amendment). Assures confidentiality of student records. Parents are afforded rights to examine, review, request changes if inaccurate, and stipulate person who has access.

Section 504

A federal law that prohibits the denial of participation in, benefits of, or discrimination in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance because of a documented disability, history of a disability, or the appearance of having a disability.

Title 9 (Discrimination based on sex)

No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.

Race and National Origin Discrimination

Strict scrutiny used whenever government discriminates based on race or national origin.

Disability Discrimination (Title 2 of the Americans with disabilities act)

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government' programs and services.

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed as a part of United States President Lyndon B. Johnson's "War on Poverty" and has been the most far-reaching federal legislation affecting education ever passed by the United States Congress.

Title 2 (Preparing, Training and Recruiting Highly Qualified Teachers)

The Improving Teacher Quality State Grants program increases student achievement by elevating teacher and principal quality through recruitment, hiring, and retention strategies. The programs uses scientifically based professional development interventions and holds districts and schools accountable for improvements in student academic performance. This program was created because research shows that teacher quality is correlated with student academic achievement (Sanders and Rivers, 1996). Because each community may face a variety of challenges with respect to teacher quality, this program allows funds to be used for a wide array of interventions.

Title 6 (Indian, Native American and Alaskan Native Education)

The Office of Indian Education (OIE), located in the Office of the Under Secretary (OUS), was created in 1972 under the Indian Education Act. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015 amends the Indian education programs in OIE as Title VI, Part A of Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The Federal legislation focuses on the education of American Indians, Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians for preschool to graduate school.

Title 1 Financial in Low SES Areas

Title I, Part A (Title I) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, as amended (ESEA) provides financial assistance to local educational agencies (LEAs) and schools with high numbers or high percentages of children from low-income families to help ensure that all children meet challenging state academic standards. Federal funds are currently allocated through four statutory formulas that are based primarily on census poverty estimates and the cost of education in each state.

Title 4 (Federal Aide)

Title IV is a term that refers to federal financial aid funds. Federal regulations state that any federal funds disbursed to a student's account in excess of allowable charges must be delivered to the student (or parent in case of an undergraduate PLUS loan).

Sex Discrimination (Title XI of the Education Amendment of 1972)

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972.Title IX provides: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.

Dear Colleague Letter and Other Policy Guidance

a letter Obama wrote to schools addressing the rights of LGBT kids

Higher Education Act

funded scholarships and low-interest loans for college students

Title 3 (ELl Learners)

to help ensure that children who are limited English proficient, including immigrant children and youth, attain English proficiency, develop high levels of academic attainment in English, and meet the same challenging State academic content and student academic achievement standards as all children are expected to meet

Title 5 (Flexibility and Accountability)

to pay the costs of the development of the additional State assessments and standards required by section 1111(b), which may include the costs of working in voluntary partnerships with other States, at the sole discretion of each such State