Lesson 11: Muslim Innovations and Adaptations
Hospitals were open to all people
Muslim contribution for hospitals
Ibn Sina
A Persian doctor that showed how diseases spread from one person to another and a famous Muslim philosopher
Chess
A battle of wits in which players move pieces on the board (according to the rules) to checkmate the king (cannot move without being captured).
exchange and build on each others ideas
A shared love of learning allowed scholars in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East to...
immortal
Able to live forever
culture
Although the Muslims empire did not last long, Islam ________________ flourished.
They made hundreds of medications
Muslim contribution for medications
Abbasad
Baghad was the capital of what empire?
Improvements in Zoology
Books explained structure of animal bodies, created zoological gardens, and how to make medicine from animal parts
Cordoba
Capital of Muslim Spain, the library held as many as 400,000 volumes
Doctors used thread made from animal gut to stitch open wounds
Muslim contribution for surgery
A minaret, a fountain, a courtyard, prayer room, a niche on the wall, and a pulpit
How are mosques designed?
They sold them and had more than 100 bookshops lined on Paperseller's street
How did Muslims expand bookmaking?
They used reason and logic to prove important truths and to support their faith
How did Muslims follow the example of Greek scholars?
Trade carried ideas and goods
How did trade help to spread and connect ideas from different cultures?
100,000 workers four years
How many workers and how long did it take to build the city of badhad?
They both reflected religion and artistry of the builders
How were mosques and cathedrals similar?
Sufism
Muslim literature was influenced by ___________, or Islamic mysticism
Polo
It involves teams on horseback using mallets or long wooden hammers to strike the ball through a goal
round, size
Most educated people in medieval times believed that the earth was ___________, but they disagreed about it's ______
Learned that infections were caused by bacteria and learned to diagnose and treat them
Muslim contribution for diseases
storytelling and poetry
Muslim's had a rich heritage of _____________ and _________.
Chinese
Muslim's learned the art of making paper from who?
Babylon, India, and Greece
Muslims based their work in math in part on ideas from ancient ___________, __________, and __________.
Two accomplishments of geography
Muslims created extremely accurate maps due to the study of geography and they improved on calculations made by ancient Greeks to reach a very accurate measure of the Earth's circumference.
calculations, large
Muslims helped spread the Indian concept of zero which was very important in ___________________ and it made it easier to write ___________ numbers.
outside the wall
Shops, markets, and residents were where?
Water wheels to bring water to needed areas
Technological advancements to take advantage of water
lands under Muslim rule
The Book of Countries listed useful facts about...
major trade routes
The Book of Roads and Provinces provided descriptions of what?
Arabic Numerals
The translation of another one of Al-Khwarizmi's books helped popularize __________ _______________ in Europe.
algebra
The word _____________ comes from the title of one of his books
Improvements in Astronomy
They realized that the earth rotates, they improved models of earth, and improved navigational tools
The Canon of Medicine
This book, written by the Persian doctor Ibn Sina, explored the treatment of diseases which was used to teach students
guidebooks
Travelers wrote ______________ to help pilgrims make the journey to Mecca to fulfill the hajj while others explored foreign lands.
Paper making and medical texts
Two ideas that traveled along trade routes?
schools, colleges, libraries, and other centers of learning
What did Muslim rulers build?
they sewed them into leather bindings and illuminated them with designs in gold
What did Muslims do with with the sheets of the book paper?
love, nature, and glory of the empire
What did musicians and poets create songs about?
adaptations and innovations
What did scholars and artists make in many fields (in great cities)?
rank
What did textiles in clothes show?
personal experiences of God
What does Sufism involve?
A shared language and a love of learning
What factors combined to promote learning in Muslim lands?
to solve problems involving unknown numbers
What is algebra used for?
A Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights)
What is one example of famous Muslim literature?
for computing time based in the position of the sun or stars and to pinpoint sailors location based on how far they traveled
What is the astrolabe used for?
to identify the direction in which they are traveling from
What is the compass used for?
A double wall with four guarded gates
What surrounded the inner city?
arabesque and geometric shapes
What types of designs did Muslims use in their decorative art?
everyday items, Qu'ran, and walls
What was calligraphy used to decorate?
calpih's palace and the grand mosque
What was in the center of the city?
It blended elements of Arab and native Spanish cultures
What was is unique about the music that developed in Cordoba, Spain?
Arabic
What was the shared language?
compass and astrolabe
What were the two navigational instruments adapted by the Muslims?
In many places (India, Persia, and Middle East)
Where did A Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights) originate?
House of Wisdom
Where scholars from many lands gathered to do research and translate texts; founded by Caliph al-Ma'mun
India
Who did Muslims learn about the game of chess from?
Persians
Who did Muslims learn about the game of polo from?
Designs reflect Muslim lands
Why are designs different in different mosques?
Muslim rulers built great cities where scholars made adaptations in innovations and so cultural diffusion could take place.
Why did Islamic culture flourish despite the fact that the Muslim empire did not last?
It was popular among the wealthy
Why did polo become popular with medieval Muslim's?
Players enjoyed the intellectual challenge
Why did the game chess become popular?
The Qu'ran tells them to learn about the world
Why do Muslims make advancements in science and technology?
It was one of the most important mathematics textbooks used in the universities of Europe
Why was Al-Khwarizmi's book on algebra important?
Horses were status symbols
Why was polo popular among the wealthy and not the poor?
They linked several trade routes
Why were Islamic lands ideally located for cultural diffusion?
they were used as practical items and trade goods
Why were textiles important to medieval Muslims?
prose
_________ eventually replaced poetry for recording history, special events, and traditions
Scholarship and learning
___________ and ________ were highly valued in Islamic culture
adaptations
a change made to an existing object or way of doing things
philosopher
a scholar, teacher, or thinker who seeks knowledge
Ziryab
a talented musician and singer from Baghdad who settles in Cordoba in 822 and established Europe's first music conservatory.
arabesque
a type of design that took its beauty from the natural world which was repeated over and over
textiles
a type of manufactured cloth or woven fabric
calligraphy
art of beautiful handwriting; the highest form of decorative art
Al-Khwarizmi
muslim mathematician who created the technique of "al-jabr" or algebra
prose
ordinary form of written language, not poetry
innovations
something new; an improvement
Zoology
the scientific study of animals
cultural diffusion
the spread of cultural elements or ideas from one society to another, through trade, travel, or even conflict
Astronomy
the study of objects in space