MGT 300: Chapter 10, MGT 300: Chapter 9, MGT 300: Chapter 8, MGT 300: Chapter 6
Which of the following would provide detailed minimum qualifications, knowledge, education, skills and experience an individual requires in order to perform the job?
Job specification
Which of these tasks is analytic and involves problem solving and abstract reasoning?
Knowledge work
The National _____ Relations Board enforces procedures whereby employees may vote to have a union and collective bargaining.
Labor
What is the BEST example of a mutual-benefit organization?
Labor union
Depending on state law, companies are allowed to test for drug and alcohol use at which times?
Before making a job offer, Contingent to making a job offer, and Randomly after hiring
Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization?
Education
Which law established a minimum wage for workers, set limits for child labor, and established overtime pay?
Fair Labor Standards Act
True or false: Ferrari and Lamborghini automobiles are marketed based on the cost-focus strategy.
False
True or false: It is common practice today for most small business owners to engage in strategic planning.
False
True or false: Management support has little effect on the success of organizational development.
False
True or false: Offshore suppliers have resulted in labor savings for companies, but they have only hurt U.S. jobs.
False
True or false: One key advantage to external recruiting is that hiring risks are minimized because job applicants are already known and are familiar with the organization.
False
True or false: Reactive change is planned.
False
True or false: Signing a collective-bargaining agreement eliminates any ongoing differences between labor and management.
False
True or false: Since most strategic positions will fit with any company's products, a company doesn't need to be concerned about selecting the right strategy.
False
True or false: When considering the staffing an organization may need, it is better to assume that the organization won't change much.
False
What is the intended benefit of the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal?
It encourages managers to reward top performers and discipline poor performers.
What effect has the Internet had on Porter's fifth competitive force, rivalry among competitors?
It has intensified rivalries among organizations.
Which of the following are true about a self-affirmation?
It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals and It is way of getting rid of negative thoughts
What are two characteristics of strategy formulation? Choose all that apply.
It is a time-consuming process. and It is the basis for determining long-term goals.
What is the current state of drug and alcohol testing among employers?
It is becoming less common.
How is organizational development used in conjunction with mergers?
It is used to help integrate the varying cultures, procedures, and products of the two firms.
What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?
Peer pressure
What are the four target elements of change?
People, Social factors, Methods, and Organizational arrangements
What is the primary difference between performance appraisals and performance management?
Performance appraisals are occur infrequently.
During his interview at Rickson Electric, Hal was handed a malfunctioning switch, given a toolbox, and asked to fix the switch. What kind of employment test does this describe?
Performance test
Firing
Permanent dismissal for cause
What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?
Personality conflicts
Refer to Table 6.2. What are two things a company might do when using a defensive strategy?
Phase out product lines or services and Declare bankruptcy
During which stage of Lewin's change model should managers encourage employees to exhibit the new behaviors and then reinforce employees making the desired change?
Refreezing
Which of the following is an adaptive change in an organization?
Reintroduction of a practice familiar to the organization
In which core process of business developed by Bossidy and Charan would a company ask "Who is my competition?" and "How will my business make money on a sustainable basis?"
Strategy
Which core process of business involves analyzing and understanding how success will be accomplished?
Strategy
What are the four activities for developing strategic thinking identified in the text?
broaden task and functional knowledge, set aside time to reflect, engage in lateral thinking and understand the business
Tom's company is very successful, even though they expect most new ideas to fail. This is likely due to an organizational culture that ______.
celebrates failure as vital toward fostering innovation
When important decisions are made by high-level managers, the organization has ______ authority.
centralized
Rites and rituals, which are activities and _____ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.
ceremonies
A control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time is called hierarchy of authority or ______.
chain of command
Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by
embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.
Ability, performance, and personality tests are the three most common types of ______ tests.
employment
A cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) clause in a collective bargaining agreement ties future wage increases to _____.
increases in the cost of living
A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______.
innovation strategy
A set of interdependent processes and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______.
innovation system
The type of organizational culture that has a strong external focus and values stability and control is a(n) _____ culture.
market
What two things does the BCG matrix evaluate?
market share and business growth rates
With an applicant tracking system, employers use job descriptions and job specifications to find job candidates by _____.
matching keywords from the job description to keywords on résumés
A type of organizational structure which combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures, vertical and horizontal, is called a _____ structure.
matrix
An organizational development intervention that works in one country ______.
may not work in another country
An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _____.
mechanistic
In a _____ organization, authority is centralized and tasks and rules are clearly specified.
mechanistic
Top-down structure and rigid rules are characteristics of a(n) _____ organization.
mechanistic
The process in which a neutral third party listens to both sides in a dispute and makes suggestions toward an agreeable solution is called the _____ process.
mediation
The person hired as a third party to carry out mediation is called the _____.
mediator
A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.
organizational
The competing values framework is a tool companies use to understand _____.
organizational culture
Helping a new employee to learn the ropes of the organization and fit easily into the new job is known as ______.
orientation
Functional organizational structures: (select all that apply)
put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups. and are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations.
Change involving a practice that is new to the industry is referred to as ______ innovative change.
radically
Implementing a practice that is completely new to an entire industry, not just to one organization, is called ______ change.
radically innovative
Some workplaces now reflect a culture of "radical candor" which means that employees are encouraged to __________.
say what's on their minds regardless of the consequences
Contingency planning is also referred to as _____ analysis.
scenario
The part of the labor-management agreement that states that employees who receive union benefits must join the union (or at least pay dues) is called the union _____.
security clause
When Joe screens job applicants to ensure that he hires the most qualified candidate, he is performing the human resource function known as the ______ process.
selection
Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______.
self-affirmations
Before Anisha meets with her manager, she is asked to complete a form listing her accomplishments during the past year, along with her perceived strengths and weaknesses and ways that she believes she can improve her performance. This is an example of a(n) _____.
self-appraisal
Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (select all that apply)
send a strong message about the culture and encourage employee productivity
Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achievement of the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.
senior leaders
Angela's boss has repeatedly asked her to go out with him and has suggested that her repeated refusals may negatively impact her next performance review. Angela's boss is guilty of _____.
sexual harassment
Unwanted sexual attention that creates an adverse work environment is referred to as ______.
sexual harassment
Organizational development is more successful when it involves ______.
short-term goals. and long-term goals.
The skills and capabilities that give an organization special competencies and competitive advantages in executing strategies in pursuit of its mission are called organizational ______.
strengths
The formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organization's members to achieve the company's goals is called the organizational _____.
structure
In order to implement a particular organizational strategy, managers must determine the right kind of organizational: (select all that apply)
structure and culture
Before she began interviewing candidates for a sales position, Sonja prepared a written set of questions based on the job description and planned to ask each of the candidates the same questions in order to better compare their answers. Based on this information, it appears that Sonja was planning to conduct a(n) _____.
structured interview
Jim's perception of his employees' traits and behaviors is known as a(n) _____ appraisal.
subjective
Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business.
supertrends
When a company is readily able to switch to another company in order to get the raw materials it needs to make products, Porter would say that the bargaining power of ______ goes down.
suppliers
When other companies cannot duplicate the value provided by a competitor, then the competitor has established a(n) _____ competitive advantage.
sustainable
Luxury Linens Inc. produces the highest thread-count sheets available anywhere and does so at a price that none of its competitors can duplicate. It can be said that Luxury Linens has a(n) _____.
sustainable competitive advantage
In terms of organizational culture, a _______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.
symbol
An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as _____.
tall
Manufacturing automation and office automation are examples of ______ that are forces for change outside the organization.
technological advancements
Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product qualifies as ______.
technology
Beth is using computers to train her employees on a new data-mining technique along with classroom discussion. This will reduce the necessary instruction time. This is an example of ______ learning.
technology-enhanced
The _____ clause in a collective bargaining agreement sets forth that employees who receive union benefits must join the union or pay union dues.
union security
According to Michael Porter, the _____ of a company's strategy refers to the way a company's activities interact and reinforce one another.
"fit"
How do organizational consultants carry out a diagnosis?
By consulting company records, By attending meetings and performing direct observation, and By using surveys and questionnaires
Which statement about human capital and innovation is true?
Certain employee characteristics, such as intrinsic motivation and creativity, are positively associated with innovation.
What is likely to result in employee resistance to change?
Changes that are introduced in an insensitive manner
Which legislation gave rise to the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Commission?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Which form of workplace labor agreement is now considered illegal?
Closed shop
List the steps in the performance management process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom.
Define performance, Monitor and evaluate performance, Review performance, and Provide consequences
What is the first step in organizational development?
Diagnosis
_____ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.
Differentiation
Which of the following is an internal force for change?
Employee problems
Which of the following is responsible for the enforcement of antidiscrimination and other employment-related laws?
Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Commission
Jordan plans to open a computer repair business this summer. As he plans, he writes down the long-term goals of the business so he can decide where he wants to go strategically. Which stage of the strategic management process is Jordan in?
Establish the mission, vision, and values statements
What is the last step of the organizational development process?
Feedback
What is the first step in becoming a better receiver of feedback?
Identify your tendencies.
What is the process of determining the basic elements of a job?
Job analysis
If Alec wants to fill a vacancy in his department with an existing employee, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?
Job posting
Dogs
Low growth and low market share
Downsizing
Permanent dismissal, often related to a company-wide reorganization
Enrique was given an employment test that measured his desire to work hard and perform well at his job. This is an example of what type of employment test?
Personality
Question marks
Risky new ventures
In an organic organization, which three of the following occur? Check all that apply.
Shared tasks, Decentralized hierarchy of authority, and Many teams
Which of the following initially handles a grievance filed by an employee?
Shop steward
Cash cows
Slow growth but high market share
Which piece of feedback is based on facts rather than opinion?
You missed three important deadlines last quarter.
A grand strategy that involves expansion of things like sales revenues, market share, or number of employees is known as a(n) _____ strategy.
growth
Porter's five competitive forces form a model for _____ analysis.
industry
A growth strategy that focuses on increasing market share or profits by creating improvements in products or services is called a(n) _____ strategy.
innovation
Hair Today/Gown Tomorrow is an organization that provides low-cost prom dresses and styling services in underprivileged communities. It recently found a way to reach more communities by partnering with food pantries in different areas around the Midwest. Hair Today/Gown Tomorrow increased its market share by using a(n) _____ strategy.
innovation
The process of creating something new that can be applied profitably is referred to as ______.
innovation
In the organizational development process, an attempt to correct a problem is called ______.
intervention
The second step in the organizational development process, ______, is the attempt to correct the diagnosed problems.
intervention
A human resource _____ is a listing of the organization's employees by name, education, training, languages, and other important information needed to identify qualified individuals for openings within the organization.
inventory
Hierarchy of authority, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,
is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time.
Organizational structure: (select all that apply)
is concerned with who reports to whom in the organization and who specializes in what work and must be aligned with the organization's vision, strategies, and culture
Organizational culture: (select all that apply)
is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring, is the social glue that binds members of the organization together, helps employees understand why the organization does what it does, represents beliefs and values shared among workers, and significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization
Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,
is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort.
Employees are more likely to resist change if ______.
it is a surprise
"Using their brains instead of their brawn" BEST describes ______ workers.
knowledge
A(n) _____ worker is someone whose occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpreting information as opposed to manual labor.
knowledge
Hourly workers at Brite Electroplating have joined an organization to protect their interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues. This organization is a(n) _____.
labor union
The desired goals of a change in a company are referred to as ______.
outputs
Refer to Figure 6.2. The "feedback loop" in the strategic-management process involves
revising actions if necessary.
Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following?
rewards and status symbols
Very _____ companies tend to be the most centralized in terms of authority.
small
Within a SWOT analysis, the letter "S" represents a company's _____.
strengths
One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured _____ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.
training
Netflix began as a video rental business but has expanded into producing and distributing its own programming. What type of diversification strategy is Netflix using?
vertical
The chain of command within a business is also referred to as the organization's _______ hierarchy of authority.
vertical
Which strategy is a company pursuing when it expands into businesses that provide the supplies it needs to make its products or that distribute and sell its products?
vertical integration
In an organization with a _____ structure, members are geographically dispersed but work together using information technology that provides customers the appearance of a single, unified organization.
virtual
Peterson Electric Inc. has outdated manufacturing facilities. Within a SWOT analysis, this would be an example of an organizational ______ of the company.
weakness
When would a company use a VRIO analysis?
when deciding whether or not a new product might work in the marketplace
Which of the following statements regarding the horizontal design are true? (select all that apply)
workgroups are used to improve collaboration, internal boundaries are broken down, and this design is also called a team-based design
Which of the Six Thinking Hats focuses on positivity and optimism?
yellow
Belinda's boss shouts at her and uses profanity when he is upset and has humiliated her in staff meetings by belittling her opinions and calling her "stupid." These are examples of _____.
bullying
Repeated mistreatment of one or more persons involving abusive physical, psychological, verbal, or nonverbal behavior that is threatening, humiliating or intimidating is a type of harassment known as _____.
bullying
As the senior vice president of marketing, Andrew is responsible for determining how much of the budget to spend on marketing and how much to spend on product development. Which level of strategic management is Andrew responsible for?
business-level
The _____ strategy of a company is concerned with the individual business units or production and service lines of the business.
business-level
Select all of the true statements regarding unrelated diversification:
companies may use it in an attempt to reduce risk and it occurs when a company acquires another company in a completely unrelated business
Select all of the true statements regarding the trade-offs required in competing:
companies must choose what strategy to follow, companies must choose what strategy not to follow and some strategies are incompatible
The three elements of _____ include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefits.
compensation
Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization.
conflict
The creation of alternative hypothetical but equally likely future conditions is known as _____ planning.
contingency
The process of fitting the organization to its environment is referred to as the _______ approach to organizational structure.
contingency
While Kirsten would have liked to ship all of the products at once, export fees limited her to shipping product out in small batches. Kirsten has fit her organization into the structure of the environment she uses for shipping. This is an example of _____ design.
contingency
Strategic _____ involves monitoring the execution of strategy and taking corrective action when necessary.
control
Organizational _____ is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective.
development
The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______.
development
Managers use the four levers of targeting elements of change to ______.
diagnose problems
The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the more highly _____ it is.
differentiated
Smartwater is a brand of bottled water that promotes health benefits and features a tall, smooth, clear bottle not found in competitor brands. Based on this, which of Porter's competitive strategies is the company using?
differentiation
Refusing to hire or promote an individual or making other employment decisions based upon factors such as ethnicity, religion, or gender is referred to as workplace _____.
discrimination
Sonja was not promoted to the position of manager of the road work crew because her boss doesn't feel that a woman can supervise as well as a man. This an an example of _____.
disparate treatment
Espoused values in an organization's culture represent the
explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers
Organic organizations tend to have a wide span of control and _____.
fewer rules
Specialty manufacturers with high-end products such as Tesla automobiles offer products that are of unique and superior value compared to those of competitors. These companies target a very narrow market and are using the ______-differentiation strategy, one of Porter's competitive strategies.
focused
The technique used to determine which forces could act for a proposed change and which forces could act against it is referred to as ______.
force-field analysis
Leonore's Luxury Leather Footwear Corp. conducted a SWOT analysis and determined that at least 57% of consumers would demand high-end footwear and their sales should increase by 18% in the next year. This vision of what could happen is known as a _____.
forecast
Strategy _______ is the process of choosing among different strategies and altering them to best fit the organization's needs.
formulation
An organizational structure where people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups is called a _____ structure.
functional
Which of the following represent traditional organizational designs? (select all that apply)
functional, simple, divisional, and matrix
Ace Appliance is introducing a new line of kitchen appliances designed for smaller spaces. During the planning meeting, the marketing manager discussed how they would promote the new line to consumers through television and print advertisements while the production manager talked about the new equipment being installed to manufacture the products. Which level of strategic management is taking place during the meeting?
functional-level
At Superior Home Sales Inc., there is a manager for each of the three business units: marketing, finance, and sales. These three managers make decisions within each of their units. That makes these managers responsible for the _____ strategy of the company.
functional-level
Self-compassion is best described as ______.
gentleness with yourself
During the last collective bargaining negotiations, the union and management at Apix Manufacturing negotiated a(n) _____, in which the union agreed to forego a wage increase in return for a no-layoff policy.
giveback
Jerome asked each of his employees to come to the meeting ready to explore new ideas for the product line. Which of the Six Thinking Hats does Jerome want his employees to wear?
green
Volkswagen
Admitted in 2015 that it had engaged in fraudulent behavior by cheating on vehicle emission tests.
The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your _____.
responsibility
The first step in the unionization process is to have workers sign _______ which designate a certain union as the workers' bargaining agent.
authorization cards
The three sources from which strategic position emerges are having:
broad needs and many customers, broad needs and few customers and few needs and many customers
In the elements of organizations, ________ unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being.
common purpose
What is an example of political pressure creating an external force for change?
A tobacco tax
What are the three layers of organizational culture?
Basic assumptions, Espoused values, and Observable artifacts
As of 2017, benefits accounted for approximately what share of the total compensation offered by private industry?
31%
A ____ feedback appraisal is one in which employees are appraised not only by their managerial superiors but also by peers, subordinates, and sometimes clients.
360-degree
Susan has selected several people, including her peers, supervisors, and clients to anonymously evaluate her performance. After the results are tabulated by a computer, Susan will go over them with her manager and put into place a long-term plan for performance goals. This is an example of a ______ assessment.
360-degree
A union election was held by the NLRB at Jaxon Industries, and 130 workers cast votes in the election. How many votes in favor of the union must be cast for the union to be certified as the workers' exclusive representative?
66
What proportion of U.S. organizations use social networks to find new employees?
90%
A clan culture has what three characteristics?
A family-type organization, Strives to encourage cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction, and Encourages collaboration among employees
According to research, which of the following people is MOST likely to be a workplace bully?
A male manager
What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?
A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization
Curtis was recently laid off and was given severance pay on the condition that he agreed not to criticize the organization publicly. What is this an example of?
A nondisparagement agreement
When she applied for a job as a firefighter, Jill was administered a series of employment tests that measured her strength and stamina in activities such as climbing stairs, dragging weights, and carrying heavy equipment. Which of the following BEST describes the type of employment test Jill had to complete?
Ability
When he applied for a clerical position at Halewood Manufacturing, Tyrone was asked to complete an employment test that assessed his keyboarding skills as well as his mathematical skills. What type of employment test did Tyrone complete?
Ability test
Which terms describe good performance expectations?
Achievable and Specific
Mitsubishi
Acknowledged that company engineers had been intentionally manipulating fuel-economy tests for 25 years.
Which description best fits the adhocracy organizational culture?
Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes
Jane is planning to implement the same work scheduling system in the accounting department that they use in the retail division. Which type of change is Jane going to use?
Adaptive change
Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened?
Adaptive change
Benefits
Additional nonmonetary forms of compensation such as health insurance, vacation and retirement plans
Elena, who is Hispanic, was told by the personnel director that she did a great job at the interview but that he couldn't hire her because all the other candidates had a college degree and she did not. However, because the position didn't require a college degree, the personnel director's reasoning would be an example of which type of workplace discrimination?
Adverse impact
Sydney recently quit her job and was asked to meet with a human resources manager to discuss her experiences with the organization and why she chose to leave. What is this an example of?
An exit interview
Disparate Treatment
An organization uses an employment practice or procedure that results in unfavorable outcomes to a protected class.
In which of the following ways is artificial intelligence used during the hiring process?
Analyzing verbal and nonverbal communication, Administering ability tests, and Scheduling interviews
Which strategy for receiving feedback is least likely to activate emotional triggers?
Ask for small doses of feedback while you work.
In which step of the learning and development process does the employer identify if there are gaps in what new employees need to know and if those gaps can be filled by learning and development?
Assessment
A performance appraisal is likely to contain which two of the following types of information?
Assessment of performance and Performance feedback
Rank the steps of the learning and development process in order, placing the first step at the top and the last step at the bottom.
Assessment, Objectives, Selection, Implementation, and Evaluation
Maria, a senior product manager at Impasse Software, recently retired. Since sales of Maria's primary products have been declining for years, the human resource manager decides not to replace her and instead reassigns all of her subordinates to different departments. What is this an example of?
Attrition
__________ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources.
Authority
Take ownership and accept responsibility
Avoid holding grudges when you are wrong. Instead - absorb, learn, understand, and move on.
When Marissa applied for a position at Blake Products, she was asked to provide the names and telephone numbers of three people who would be able to speak about her work performance at her last job. Which of the following selection tools does this BEST describe?
Background information
The Internet has enabled consumers to "price shop" several retailers in order to find the best price for items such as appliances, electronics, and even cars. This has increased the consumer's ability to better negotiate favorable prices with retailers, demonstrating which of Porter's five competitive forces?
Bargaining power of buyers
Pacific Specialty Bikes store gets customized parts for its high-end models from a local manufacturer, Premium Supply. When the manufacturer announced a price increase, the bike store tried to switch to other local manufacturers but learned they that they wouldn't be able to meet delivery schedules. As a result, Pacific Bike chose to pay the higher prices from Premium Supply. Which of Porter's competitive forces does this demonstrate?
Bargaining power of suppliers
______ is the basic wage or salary paid to employees in exchange for doing their jobs.
Base pay
_____ represent core, taken for granted, unobservable aspects of an organization's culture.
Basic assumptions
On average, how long does it take the average employee to become productive in a new job?
Between 2 and 24 months
A clause in the collective bargaining agreement that ties future wage increases to increases in the cost of living is known as the ______ clause.
COLA
What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change?
Change agent characteristics and Employee characteristics
During which phase of Lewin's model of change is it most important for managers to act as role models and mentors and provide benchmarking results?
Changing
Of the following methods, which would be the LEAST appropriate for external recruiting?
Company bulletin board
Which of the following are examples of an objective appraisal of employee performance results?
Comparing an employee's sales revenue to an annual target and Counting the number of days since a safety incident occurred under an employee's watch
Which statement about the need for faster speed-to-market is true?
Competitors may be in and out of the market within days.
What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?
Disruption of group relationshipsPersonality conflicts
Which of the following are the suggested methods to deal with bullying?
Do not strike back., Document bullying behaviors., and Get others on your side.
Anton's company has undergone a massive reorganization, and hundreds of jobs have been permanently eliminated, along with Anton's job. Which of the following BEST describes Anton's dismissal?
Downsizing
Which of Porter's four competitive strategies keeps the costs, and hence prices, of a product or service below those of competitors but targets only a narrow market?
Cost-focus strategy
Which of the following are among the seven methods of fostering innovation?
Create an innovation strategy, Get commitment from top managers, Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures, and Establish the required structure and processes
Unfreezing
Creating the motivation to change
Whenever people take a car in to Kelly Cars for service, they are asked to rate their satisfaction with the quality and timeliness of the repairs by completing an automated phone survey. This feedback is then used in the mechanic's performance appraisal. Which source of information is Kelly Cars using for its performance appraisals?
Customers and clients
Which of the following statements are true regarding a market culture? (select all that apply)
Customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction, Employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time, and It is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results
_____ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy.
Delegation
Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization?
Demographic characteristics
Place the steps in the OD process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the final step listed at the bottom.
Diagnosis, Intervention, Evaluation, and Feedback
During the past several months, Diah has lost trust in her manager, Casey, due to some of his decisions regarding his employees. He is now trying to change the way employees report their time and are paid. What is the most likely reaction Diah will have to this change?
Diah will be resistant to the changes Casey is implementing.
Which of Porter's four competitive strategies offers products or services that are of unique or superior value compared to those of competitors and that target a wide market?
Differentiation strategy
What are Porter's four competitive strategies?
Differentiation, Cost-leadership, Cost-focus and Focused-differentiation
Being placed on suspension or temporary leave as a consequence of poor performance is an example of which human resource management action?
Discipline
On the first day of her new job, Elena met with a human resource representative who explained the health and dental insurance and retirement plan options available to employees. This represents which type of information generally covered by effective orientation programs?
Employee benefits
According to human resource professionals, what is the most effective source for external recruiting?
Employee referrals
Adverse Impact
Employees from protected groups are intentionally treated differently.
What are the advantages of soliciting referrals from employees?
Employees know the qualifications of the person they recommend., Employees are careful about who they recommend., and Employees are familiar with the job requirements.
Why did W. Edwards Deming consider performance appraisals to be damaging in comparison with performance management?
Employees remember only the negative parts of their appraisal.
Which of these are resources for external recruiting?
Employment agencies, Recruitment firms, Social networks, and College job placement
_____ values represent the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization.
Enacted
What are two practices managers can utilize in order to implement "refreezing," the third stage of Lewin's change model?
Encourage employees to exhibit the new change and Reinforce desired change in the employees
Research has shown that an effective employee socialization program has which of the following effects?
Enhanced job satisfaction, Improved employee performance, and Reduced turnover
The agency whose job it is to enforce anti-discrimination and other employment laws is called the _____.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
What are strategies managers can use to prevent or address sexual harassment in the workplace?
Establish a formal complaint procedure., Establish and distribute a sexual harassment policy., and Train supervisors in Title VII requirements.
Refer to Figure 6.2. Place the steps in the strategic-management process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top.
Establish the mission, vision, and values statements, Assess the current reality, Formulate corporate, business, and functional strategies, Execute the strategies, Maintain strategic control
Which of the following are approaches to affirmative action that an organization can take to achieve equality of opportunity? Check all that apply.
Establishment of minority hiring goals, Elimination of prejudicial questions in interviews, and Active recruitment of a group (traditionally discriminated against)
In which step of the learning and development process does the employer analyze whether employees' gaps in knowledge have been successfully filled?
Evaluation
What is the third step in the organizational development process?
Evaluation
_____ is the process that helps align the last two phases of the strategic-management process: strategic implementation and strategic control.
Execution
Vertical
Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control.
Horizontal
Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers.
Which of these are common methods for conducting job interviews?
Face-to-face, Phone call, and Videoconferencing
Salaried executives, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from over time rules as outlined in the _____.
Fair Labor Standards Act
Changing
Introducing new information, perspectives, and models of behavior
Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change?
Fear of failure
What are common reasons that employees resist change?
Fear of the unknown, Loss of status or job security, and Peer pressure
What are the benefits of performing an exit interview?
Finding out why an employee is leaving the organization and Learning about potential problems in the organization
Which type of organization typically has few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them?
Flat
Which of Porter's four competitive strategies offers products or services that are of unique and superior value compared to those of competitors and targets only a narrow market?
Focused-differentiation strategy
_____ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.
Formal statements
Which of the following are characteristics of a hierarchy culture? (select all that apply)
Formalized, structured work environment, Internal focus, and A variety of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability
For-profit organization
Formed to make money by offering products or services
Nonprofit organization
Formed to offer services to clients rather than make money
At Hudson Food Company, managers permit experimentation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of supporting innovation does this represent?
Fostering an innovative culture and climate
____-level strategy applies to the key functional departments or units within the business units.
Functional
Which of the following is not legal as the basis for hiring and promotion decisions?
Gender, Religion, and Skin color
When crafting a solution to a problem during a performance appraisal, what should employers do?
Get the employee's input. and Make themselves available for further questions or feedback.
Customer division
Groups activities around common clients or customers.
Geographic division
Groups activities around defined regional locations.
Product division
Groups activities around similar services and/or products.
What are the four types of organizational culture outlined in the competing values framework (CVF)?
Hierarchy, Clan, Adhocracy, and Market
When conducting VRIO analysis, what question should you ask when considering the organization and its affect on a potential resource or capability?
Is the firm organized to exploit the resource or capability?
Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of internal recruiting?
It creates a vacancy elsewhere in the organization
Observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions are the three levels of organizational _____.
culture
Stars
High growth and high market share
Producing job descriptions and job specifications can help employers avoid which common hiring mistakes?
Hiring people who are underqualified and Hiring people who are overqualified
How ready an organization is for change depends in part on which of the following?
How much top managers support the change, How capable employees are of handling the change, and How employees regard the consequences of the change
_____ management refers to the activities related to planning for, attracting, developing and retaining an effective workforce.
Human resource
What is the first step in force-field analysis?
Identifying the thrusters and counterthrusters
The desired goals of a change achieved through organizational development may occur at which levels?
Individual, Group, and Organizational
Incentives
Inducements to attract and retain top performers or induce employees to be more productive
What is an example of an organizational weakness based on a SWOT analysis?
Inferior product quality
What are the three parts of a systems model of change?
Inputs, Target elements of change, and Outputs
_____ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to draw together to achieve a common purpose.
Integration
Carol is in charge of a meeting to decide what the company should do about the new sales people who don't know how to follow-up with former clients. Which stage of the organizational development process is Carol participating in?
Intervention
Myra notices that one of her employees has been wasting time and resources by performing a task incorrectly. Which statement is the most effective form of feedback?
Let me show you a trick that will save you some time and effort.
What is the best method to avoid becoming defensive when receiving feedback?
Let the speaker finish and ask questions afterward.
_______ managers have decision-making authority and usually have people reporting to them, whereas _______ positions provide advice, recommendation and research.
Line; staff
Which social network is most commonly used for external recruiting?
Be more resourceful
Look for solutions to challenges, rather than problems
Display a proactive learning orientation
Maintain a desire to learn and improve your career readiness competencies
What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies?
Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation. and Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization.
Which is a purpose of organization development?
Managing conflict
What are matters that can be addressed by organizational development?
Managing conflict, Adapting to mergers, and Revitalizing organizations
Demand for organic foods has increased dramatically as Americans become aware of the effects of pesticides and other harmful chemicals in food. This exemplifies which force for change outside the organization?
Market changes
Identify the three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries. Check all that apply.
Modular, Hollow, and Virtual
Wages or salary
Monetary payments to employees in exchange for doing their jobs
Anita asked one of her employees to analyze the production costs of three new product lines. She asked the employee to provide her with a weekly report on the information with a final summation in six weeks. What step of the performance management process is Anita engaging in when she asks for a weekly report?
Monitor and evaluate performance
The _____ is a governmental agency established by the Wagner Act that enforces procedures whereby employees may vote to have a union and for collective bargaining.
National Labor Relations Board
What type of innovation focuses on creating breakthrough products or services that do not yet exist and are aimed at creating brand new markets and customers?
New-direction innovation
Which two of the following are concerns that a manager should consider when an employee is promoted?
Nondiscrimination and Fairness
Which of these requires organizations to provide employees with nonhazardous working conditions?
OSH Act
Which legislative act was passed to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees?
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Which statements are true about how offshore suppliers impact how we work?
Offshore suppliers have enabled some U.S. jobs to become more productive. and Offshore suppliers have resulted in the loss of some U.S. jobs.
Which of these typically takes place in the workplace while employees are performing job-related tasks?
On-the-job learning and development
What type of structure is best suited to innovation?
Organic
During orientation at her new job, Jana learned about the company's founder, its history, and its products and services. Jana's orientation has covered which of the following areas of knowledge?
Organization's mission and operations
During which stage of Lewin's change model are new employee attitudes and behaviors integrated into their normal way of doing things?
Refreezing
Refer to Figure 9.1 and place these steps in the strategic human resource process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top, and the final step listed at the bottom.
Plan human resources needed, Recruit and select employees, Orient, train and develop employees, and Perform appraisals of employees
What are two characteristics of decentralized authority?
Power is delegated throughout the organization and Important decisions are made by middle level managers
What are three things that can help you achieve more self-compassion?
Practice self-kindness., Engage in mindfulness meditation., and Remember you are not alone.
Strategic human resource planning is focused on which two initiatives?
Predicting future employee needs and Understanding current employee needs
Which type of change is the most complex and costly and is the most threatening to employees and managers?
Radically innovative change
"There's a lot of room for people to grow with this organization," hiring manager Myranda told the applicant. "But we expect a lot out of employees as well, and there can be some late nights and weekend work when we're trying to make a tight deadline." Which of the following does this BEST describe?
Realistic job preview
What qualities are aspects of social capital?
Reciprocity, Trust, Mutual respect, and Teamwork
Even though the entire team felt it was important to purchase all of the supplies immediately for the new product line, upper management was concerned about outlaying that much money so early in the development cycle. Which factor of innovation is this company failing to provide?
Resources
Which statements about rewards and innovation goals are true?
Reward systems should be aligned with innovation goals. and Extrinsic reward receipt needs to be tied to creativity and innovation.
_____ prohibit employees from being required to join a union as a condition of employment.
Right-to-work laws
Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization? (select all that apply)
Rituals, Awards, and Decorations
Apple's iPhone competes with offerings such as Google's Android and each company continually attempts to leapfrog the others' technology. This demonstrates which of Porter's competitive forces?
Rivalry among competitors
Which technique is MOST effective when teaching skills such as how to use new tools?
Role-playing
Which of the following BEST describes "demassification"?
Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups
Which career readiness competency is most helpful in identifying your tendencies when receiving feedback?
Self-awareness
Which form of bullying is most common in the workplace?
Shouting
Lizette makes sure to thank her employees after they complete a major project. She wants to build goodwill and trust among her staff. Which idea do her actions demonstrate?
Social capital
Which of the following is an example of quid pro quo sexual harassment?
Sondra's boss tells her, "If you don't go out with me, you could be making a career-limiting decision."
Which quadrant in the BCG matrix represents business units that are definite keepers?
Stars
According to Bryan Barry, which of these are things a manager can do to keep a strategic plan on track? (select all that apply)
Stay focused, Engage people, Keep it simple and Keep moving
In which step of the strategic-management process does an organization establish the mission and vision statements?
Step One
Which statement about organizational development is true?
Successful organization development usually involves multiple interventions.
Refreezing
Supporting and reinforcing the new behavior
Tameka's company is introducing a new invoicing and billing system. As Tameka is presenting the new system to the accounting team, she is careful to explain why the changes are important. By the time she is done, the accounting team has shown their acceptance of the new procedures. This is likely because ______.
Tameka has used tact
Which of these sexual harassment situations is an example of a hostile work environment?
Tamicka's manager repeatedly touches her hair or hands while he is speaking with her, even though she has told him that this makes her uncomfortable.
What occurs as a result of the horizontal organizational design?
Teams are used to improve collaboration and work
Layoff
Temporary dismissal from an organization, likely due to economic conditions
What happens during the last step of the organizational development process?
The diagnosis and intervention are further refined if the problem was not solved.
What occurs during a structured interview?
The interviewer asks every candidate the same set of questions.
A(n) _____ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.
boundaryless
What should a human resources manager focus on when determining an organization's long-term staffing needs?
The organization's vision and strategic plan
Hostile environment
The person being harassed does not risk economic harm, but experiences an offensive or intimidating workplace.
Quid pro quo
The person being harassed is in jeopardy of not being hired for a job, obtaining benefits or opportunities unless he or she acquiesces.
What are likely to cause resistance to change?
The potential for loss of status and Fears about job security
What are reasons that the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal is falling out of favor?
The system gets rid of talented as well as untalented people., It creates legal risk due to the perception of bias., and It results in reduced employee performance.
What are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business?
The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers. and Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not information.
Integrity tests
These tests assess attitudes and experiences a person's honesty, dependability, and trustworthiness
Performance tasks
These tests measure an applicant's execution of various work tasks
Personality tests
These tests measure characteristics such as sociability, emotional stability and independence
Ability test
These tests measure factors such as strength, stamina, mechanical aptitude and cognitive skills
Unfortunately, bullies often display which of these characteristics?
They are charming. and They are successful.
Why are objective appraisals harder for employees to challenge legally?
They are not subject to personal bias.
What are characteristics of products or services regarded as new-direction innovations?
They did not previously exist. and They focus on creating new customers.
Many employers are wary of giving references for which of the following reasons?
They fear that negative reviews may result in former employees suing the company. and They fear that if they give a positive reference for someone who doesn't work out in a new job, they may be sued by that person's new employer.
You own a small deli near campus and learn that the university is exploring whether it should open a Subway sandwich franchise in the Student Union. Which of Porter's competitive forces does this represent for you?
Threat of new entrants
The growing popularity of reading news online has significantly reduced the sales of print copies of US newspapers. Which of Porter's five competitive forces does this demonstrate?
Threats of substitute products or services
What are resources necessary for innovation?
Time, Money, and Focus
What is the primary goal of the strategic human resource management process?
To achieve the optimal work performance for supporting the company's mission and goals
What is the purpose of a nondisparagement agreement?
To prevent former employees from criticizing an organization
Which of the following are typical reasons for which employees might be transferred?
To solve organizational problems by using their skills at a another location, To broaden their experience in being assigned to a different position, To solve employee problems, such as personal differences with a boss, and To retain their interest and motivation by being presented with a new challenge
Jennifer rates her employees on subjective attributes such as attitude, honesty, inspiration to others, leadership, or initiative. This is what type of appraisal?
Trait
True or false: A top-level manager who has committed sexual harassment should be disciplined the same as a low-level employee.
True
True or false: According to Bossidy and Charan, execution is the central part of any company's strategy.
True
True or false: According to the text, setting aside time to reflect is one way to develop strategic thinking.
True
True or false: During the candidate selection process, human resource managers should try to predict how long a candidate will stay in the job.
True
True or false: Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.
True
True or false: Organizations are increasingly relying on artificial intelligence to help make hiring decisions.
True
True or false: Research shows that women and minorities hired on the basis on affirmative action often feel stigmatized as incompetent or unqualified.
True
True or false: The prediction of a business cycle based upon historical data is an example of using trend analysis in business.
True
True or false: The pressure exerted by internal forces for change may be subtle or very dramatic.
True
Expand your perspective by asking different questions
Try thinking about things such as "what surprised me about that situation?" or "What data might I be ignoring?"
Which type of contract enables the company to pay senior workers a higher rate of pay than newer workers for doing the same type of work?
Two-tier wage contract
Place the stages of Lewin's Change Model in the correct order, with the first stage listed at the top and the final stage listed at the bottom.
Unfreezing, Changing, and Refreezing
What strategy do employers use to eliminate the risk of bias in job interviews?
Use a committee of three or more people to design, conduct, and evaluate the interview.
What are companies doing to respond effectively to increasing segmentation of the marketplace?
Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages
Focus on being optimistic
View work or career changes as challenges to be overcome
Mutual-benefit organization
Voluntary collective formed to advance members' interests
Derrik is the manager of a large restaurant. Three times a week, he shadows his servers to observe their flow of work and see how they service the customer. Derrik is understanding the basic elements of the server's job by participating in job _____.
analysis
When is organizational development most likely to be successful?
When goals are tied to both short-term and long-term results
When is organizational development most likely to succeed?
When it is supported by top managers
What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?
Who specializes in what work and Who reports to whom
Lectures, videotapes, and workbooks would be MOST effective in teaching which aspect of a learning and development program?
Work rules and legal requirements
According to recent research by PriceWaterhouse and MassMutual, which workplace benefits do women tend to value more than men?
Work-life balance, Tuition reimbursement, and Meaningful work
Which of these is a non-union labor organization that is protected under the National Labor Relations Act?
Workers committee
Identify the items that are included in negotiations between management and employees while they are engaged in collective bargaining.
Working conditions, Employee compensation, Job security, and Employee benefits
Tonya sees her company eliminating jobs in order to reduce costs, but the CEO was recently given a bonus of several million dollars. The likely cause of her resistance to the current organizational change is ______.
a climate of mistrust
One of Raiza's coworkers recently quit. Instead of hiring someone new, the company has decided to reorganize Raiza's department and reassign tasks. The result is that Raiza and her coworkers will each have more work but will not receive any additional pay. Everyone in the department is resisting these changes, most likely as a result of ______.
a nonreinforcing reward system
Laila loves her immediate supervisor, her co-workers, and her job, but she does not like her supervisor's boss, Hamid. When he decides to institute some new policies that impact Laila, she is automatically resistant. This is most likely due to ______.
a personality conflict
Authority in organizations means _____ -- managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks.
accountability
In organizational culture, rites and rituals represent
activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life.
A(n) _____ culture values flexibility and has an external focus.
adhocracy
In order to achieve equality of opportunity within its organization, Clarkson Company has taken steps such as active recruitment, the elimination of prejudicial interview questions, and establishment of minority hiring goals. Clarkson's efforts can be BEST described as _____.
affirmative action
Zenefits
after the company faced lawsuits, one of the organization's directors sent a memo to employees asking that they discontinue using company headquarters stairwells for smoking, drinking, and sex.
Peter evaluates his sales staff based upon sales volume and gross margin on each sale. This BEST describes _____.
an objective appraisal
Corporate-level strategy: (select all that apply)
answers questions such as "what business are we in?" and "what products and services shall we offer?", focuses on the organization as a whole, and involves senior executives in planning
All job candidates who are interested in working for Devlin Management must first complete an online form that lists their education, work history, and certifications. This is an example of a(n) ____ form.
application
Labor-management disputes can be settled in three ways: grievance procedures, mediation and _____.
arbitration
The decision made by a(n) _____ in a labor dispute, such as the award of damages, must be honored by both labor and management.
arbitrator
In an organization's culture, basic assumptions: (select all that apply)
are not observable, are often taken for granted, are difficult to change, and represent the organization's core values
Before introducing the new software, Star Software Inc., conducted benchmark activities to assess how popular the product would be in the marketplace. Which stage of the strategic management process is being used in this situation?
assess the current reality
The second step of the strategic management process involves
assessing the current reality
As a finalist for a management position with Emerson Mechanical, Caitlin participated in a two-day review of her management capabilities. She was required to go through a series of group and individual exercises designed to simulate the conditions of the job in order to determine whether she had the necessary skills and abilities. This BEST describes a(n) _____.
assessment center
Bethany wants to buy a pair of designer boots. To find the best price, she searches the Internet and compares prices among the eight sites that sell the boots. Which of Porter's five competitive forces is demonstrated in this scenario?
bargaining power of buyers
Dax is an assembly line worker at an automotive plant. He is paid $14.50 per hour. This amount reflects the _______ of Dax's job.
base pay
Jorge is a customer service associate in an upscale supermarket. The monetary payment he receives in exchange for performing his job is referred to as _______.
base pay
What are two suggestions for improving your adaptability in the workplace?
be proactive in learning situations and be more resourceful
Janice rates her employees based on quality of work performed and promptness in arriving to work on time. Janice is using a(n) ______ appraisal to measure specific, observable aspects of performance.
behavioral
During a(n) ______ interview, the interviewer explores what the applicant has actually done in the past.
behavioral-description
During her interview at Masters International, Johanna was asked several questions inquiring about her past job performance, such as "Can you describe what you did the last time a customer became angry with you?" This suggests that Johanna participated in a(n) _______ interview.
behavioral-description
A(n) ______-anchored rating scale is a type of appraisal that rates employee gradations in performance according to scales of specific behaviors.
behaviorally
Annie is rated by her manager on a scale in which a "1" represents, "Frequently late and is not prepared for work," and a "5" represents, "Always early and prepared for work." This is an example of a(n) ______-anchored rating scale.
behaviorally
Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______.
being open and honest about change
Companies pursuing a cost-leadership strategy keep costs/prices _____ those of competitors and target a _____ market.
below; wide
Juanita feels it is important for her taxi company to continually measure itself against its best competition. She keeps track of the number of rides per hour and turnaround times for all her drivers and compares it to that of other high-performing taxi companies in the area. Juanita is using the process of _____ to compare her company with another.
benchmarking
The process by which a company compares its performance with that of other high-performing organizations is known as _______.
benchmarking
Insurance, retirement plans, health club memberships, and education reimbursement are just a few examples of compensation in the form of _____.
benefits
Nicole receives ______, such as sick-leave days, vacation days, and free parking, from her employer.
benefits
A consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who works as a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways is called a(n) ______.
change agent
The person who is a catalyst in helping an organization change is the ______.
change agent
Xenod Capital just enlisted the help of Alejandra, a consultant with a background in behavioral science. She is going to help them apply new methods to dealing with old problems. Alejandra is an example of a(n) ______.
change agent
In organizational socialization, the _____ phase happens once the employee understands her/his work role and now must master the necessary skills and tasks and learn to adjust to the work group's values and norms.
change and acquisition
What are the phases of organizational socialization? (select all that apply)
change and acquisition, anticipatory, and encounter
Leadership style, personality, tactfulness, and sense of timing are all _____ characteristics that can contribute to employee resistance to change.
change-agent
Employees are introduced to new information, new perspectives, and new models of behavior during the ______ stage of Lewin's change model.
changing
A _____ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control.
clan
Research shows that employees have more positive work attitudes in organizations with a(n) _____ culture.
clan
Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture?
coaching, role modeling, and training
To promote innovation, organizational structure and internal process should foster ______.
collaboration, cross-functional communication, and agility
The process of negotiation between labor unions and management to resolve disputes concerning benefits, compensation, working conditions, and job security is known as ______.
collective bargaining
The process through which the union and management negotiate pay, benefits and other work terms is _____.
collective bargaining
In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through _______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor.
coordinated effort
The president, chief financial officer, and chief operating officer of Jensen Mfg. meet annually to discuss the direction of the company including what products they will continue to offer and what new products they will introduce. Which level of strategic management does this represent?
corporate-level
Which two of Porter's competitive strategies are appropriate when addressing a narrow market? Choose all that apply.
cost-focus and focused-differentiation
Computer maker Dell tries to have the lowest prices for its computers in order to attract a large consumer group. In Porter's four competitive strategies, this would be an example of the _____ strategy.
cost-leadership
One assumption of a systems approach to change is that change ______.
creates a ripple effect through an organization
Organizational design is concerned with which two activities?
creating structures of accountability and responsibility and creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies
A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______.
culture
In some parts of the United States, guns are sold at Walmart stores. Some people refuse to shop at those stores. At the extreme, everyone would refuse to shop at those stores. In that hypothetical situation, ______ are acting as an external force for change.
customers
If important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers and power is delegated throughout the organization, the organization has ______ authority.
decentralized
When a company freezes hiring and tightens expenses due to decreased demand for its products or services, it is involved in a(n) _____ strategy.
defensive
An employee may be _____, or moved downward to a job with lower responsibilities and pay, if he or she performs poorly for an extended period.
demoted
A job _____ summarizes what the holder of the job does and how and why he or she does it.
description
Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______.
disruption of the group relationship
The introduction of the DVD-by-mail business model by Netflix changed the video rental business and caused the demise of Blockbuster Video. This is an example of ______.
disruptive innovation
The process through which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then moves up, eventually displacing established companies, is referred to as ______.
disruptive innovation
The strategy of moving into new lines of business is called _____.
diversification
What strategy is American Tile Corp. using when it acquires a company that makes industrial cleaning products which American Tile doesn't currently offer?
diversification
With _____, an organization can parcel out the entire complex work effort to be performed by specialists, which results in greater efficiency.
division of labor
When people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products or service, customers or clients, or geographic regions, the organization is using a _____ structure.
divisional
Organizational development can be used to help ______.
ease the stress related to mergers and acquisitions
According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational _____ varies along two dimensions
effectiveness
Business growth rate, as used in the BCG matrix, is concerned with how fast the _____ is(are) growing.
entire industry
Philosophies, beliefs, and norms that are explicitly stated by the organization reflects its _____ values.
espoused
A manager would refer to results, such as data about absenteeism or grievances, during the ______ stage of the OD process.
evaluation
According to the BCG matrix, a company will do better in a _____ market in which it has a high market share.
fast-growing
Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to _______.
fear of failure
Which of the following statements regarding a virtual structure are true? (select all that apply)
firms can save money they would have spent on real estate, companies can tap a wider talent pool not limited by geography, and members are geographically apart
A _____ organization is defined as one with an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them.
flat
An organization that wants to eliminate layers in favor of creating a culture where employees have more power should consider adopting a _____ organizational structure.
flattened
In a _____, all employees within a business unit are ranked against one another and grades are distributed along some sort of bell curve.
forced ranking performance review system
Sam ranks all of his employees against one another and the grades are distributed highest to lowest. Sam is using a ____ in his review process.
forced ranking performance review system
A _____ is a vision or projection of the future that is made following a SWOT analysis.
forecast
During difficult economic times, unions and management may negotiate a _____, in which the union agrees to give up previous wages or benefit gains in return for something else, such as a no-layoff policy.
giveback
According to his union contract, James is supposed to work no more than eight hours of overtime each week. For the past four weeks, he has had to work 12 hours of overtime. He has decided to file a complaint that his agreement has been violated. This complaint is known as a _____.
grievance
A business that wants to reach more customers and hires more employees to get this done is focusing on a _____ strategy.
growth
Line managers typically: (select all that apply)
have decision-making authority and have people reporting to them
Samantha is employed as a sales engineer in a large medical products firm. The _______ of her job include commission on the sales she generates, quarterly performance bonuses, and stock options.
incentives
Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______.
her childhood predisposed her to dislike change
An organizational ______ is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing.
hero
If an organization wishes to become more controlling and authoritative toward its employees, it should consider adopting a(n) _____ structure.
hierarchical
A(n) _____ culture values stability and has an internal focus.
hierarchy
When an organization has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who can do them cheaper and faster, the organization is said to have a _____ structure.
hollow
Within a boundaryless organization, the ______ structure is also called a network structure.
hollow
In a two-person operation, one may specialize in the outward-facing tasks such as sales while the other specializes in the internal jobs such as research and production. In a large firm, there may be vice presidents for each task such as marketing, finance, and HR. These examples represent different types of _____.
horizontal specialization
The part of an organizational chart that shows different jobs or work assignments is called _____.
horizontal specialization
People's reaction to change depends largely on ______.
how they were taught to handle change as children
The economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions is referred to as _____ capital.
human
The productive potential of a company's employees' knowledge, experience, and actions is known as its ______ capital.
human
When an organization evaluates people based on the economic or productive potential of their knowledge, experience, and actions they are viewing them as _____.
human capital
Scott is a manager at a large electronics company. His primary role within the organization is to plan for the "people needs" of the business, and then attract, develop and retain an effective workforce. Scott is involved in _____ management.
human resource (HR)
Taylor, the human resource manager at a large manufacturing firm, wants to fill an entry-level management position with an internal candidate if possible. To help her determine current employees' qualifications in terms of education, training and experience, she consults the organization's _____.
human resources inventory
One question within a VRIO analysis is, "Is the resource or capability costly for other companies to produce in the same manner?" Which aspect of the VRIO analysis does this represent?
imitability
Sanjay knew it would be costly for other companies to match the quality of table linens his company made which provided him with a competitive advantage. Which part of a VRIO analysis is Sanjay basing his opinion on?
imitability
Organizations use ______ such as commissions, profit-sharing, bonuses, and stock options to attract and retain top performers.
incentives
A technical support call center recently decided to extend its hours of operations to include weekends, requiring employees to work different shifts to accommodate the schedule. This change would likely be characterized as ______ change.
innovative
The introduction of a practice that is new to a group or organization and involves moderate complexity and cost is called a(n) ______.
innovative change
One of the employment tests Jane had to complete as part of the selection process was an online assessment that asked questions such as, "During the past 12 months, have you been given too much change by a cashier and kept the money?" and "How many times did you cheat on an exam during your senior year of high school?" Based on these questions, it would appear that Jane completed a(n) _______ test.
integrity
Tests designed to identify people likely to engage in inappropriate, antisocial, or dishonest workplace behavior are known as _______ tests.
integrity
Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______.
is resulting in a loss of status
Division of labor, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,
is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization.
Unlike middle-skill jobs, ______-work jobs are rapidly growing.
knowledge
Don was temporarily dismissed from his company because sales are slow. When the situation improves at the company, he will likely be brought back as an employee. This is an example of being _____.
laid off
An organization's _____ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.
leaders
To be successful, strategic planning requires a company to have a _____ orientation.
long-term
What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure?
low work specialization, a flat hierarchy, and authority in a single person
In which step of the strategic-management process does the organization monitor progress and take corrective action, such as rethinking policies, and revising budgets or personnel arrangements?
maintain strategic control
Luis owns an online clothing store. Customers receive a brief survey after ordering from the store and Luis uses the feedback from these surveys to improve his systems. Which step in the strategic management process does this represent?
maintain strategic control
More positive organizational outcomes are associated with _____ cultures.
market
In a _______ structure, a firm assembles product components or sections provided by outside contractors.
modular
The psychological patterns that govern the long-term behavior of employees are established in the first six ______ of employment.
months
Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture? (select all that apply)
more positive organizational outcomes in market cultures, higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures, more positive work attitudes in clan cultures, higher market share in clan and market cultures, and higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures
In organizational culture, a story is a(n)
narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value.
When pursuing a cost-focus strategy, a company would target a _____ market.
narrow
The principle of unity of command was popular with early management theorists. It stressed the importance of employees reporting to _____.
no more than one manager, in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands.
Innovations must be ______.
novel
Performance appraisals that are based on facts and are often numerical are referred to as _______ appraisals.
objective
Symbols in organizational culture represent
objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.
The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its _____.
observable artifacts
When considering SWOT analysis, what is an example of an organizational weakness?
obsolete technology
Yuki was just hired as a financial analyst and will spend the next two weeks learning company policies, procedures, and culture with other new hires. This type of process is known as ______, or employee socialization.
onboarding
The three types of organizational design are:
open boundaries, horizontal, and traditional
Marketing, production, and sales are all involved in the the core business process known as _____.
operations
Within the core business process of _____, an organization provides a path for the company to follow and defines short-term objectives for the major activities in which the organization will engage.
operations
Environmental factors that an organization may exploit for competitive advantage are called organizational ______.
opportunities
After completing his competitor analysis, Justin realized his company was the only one with all-natural ingredients in their pizza crust and could use this to get the pizza into more health food grocery stores. What aspect of a SWOT analysis has Justin uncovered?
opportunity
Skate/24 had only one competitor in the local market and that competitor just went out of business. Within a SWOT analysis, this is an example of an organizational _________ for Skate/24.
opportunity
A(n) _____ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.
organization
Miles is a managing partner at Winslow Financial Services and is analyzing a new investment product the company would like to offer. He isn't sure the company has the right software systems in place to offer the product. What aspect of the VRIO analysis is Miles considering to make his decision?
organization
When Keisha started her new job, she went through ______ to help her transition and fit smoothly into the job and organization. The company is small so this process consisted primarily of employees welcoming her, "showing her the ropes," and inviting her to the annual picnic that was coming up soon.
orientation
Within a SWOT analysis, an organizational threat will come from _____ the company.
outside
Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______.
peer pressure
According to Bossidy and Charan, the first core process of business is _____.
people
Of the three core processes of business identified by Bossidy and Charan, which do they believe is the most important?
people
One way Chip's Coffee House retains staff is by offering two-weeks paid vacation and health insurance benefits for part-time employees. Which of Bossidy and Charan's core processes is this business focusing on?
people
What are the three core processes of business identified by Bossidy and Charan?
people, strategy and operations
Kevin continuously helps his employees improve their work through the reviewing their performance and providing consequences. These are two steps of _____ management.
performance
A _____ consists of assessing an employee's performance and providing him or her with appropriate feedback.
performance appraisal
The continuous cycle of improving job performance through defining performance, monitoring and evaluating performance, reviewing performance, and providing consequences is known as _____.
performance management
In organizational culture, a hero is a(n)
person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values.
The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as _____.
person-organization fit
Adjustment, energy, sociability, independence, and need for achievement are measured on ______ tests.
personality
Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?
physical design
A job _______ involves placing information about job vacancies and qualifications on bulletin boards, company newsletters and/or on the organization's intranet to make existing employees aware of current vacancies.
posting
Strategic positioning attempts to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by:
preserving what is distinctive about a company
In anticipation of the upcoming holiday sales season, Sarah ordered the production manager to increase the supply of teddy bears and dolls in the warehouse. Sarah is demonstrating ______ change.
proactive
Rather than worry about introducing a new sports recovery product, Gabriel told his staff that they should repackage the existing products and promote them to professional basketball teams throughout the country. Gabriel is demonstrating ______ innovation.
process
When a company alters the way a product is manufactured, conceived, or distributed it is referred to as ______ innovation.
process
In organizational culture, socialization represents the
process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as organizational members.
Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? (select all that apply)
processes, activities, and outcomes
Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or the creation of a new one, is called ______ innovation.
product
The modular structure is oriented around outsourcing certain pieces of a(n) _____.
product
When a change is made to a product or service that changes its appearance or performance, this is known as a(n) ______ innovation.
product
Last week Jordan's boss told him he was moving him from sales team manager to the director of sales. This career move represents a _____.
promotion
Staff personnel typically: (select all that apply)
provide advice, recommendations, and research to line managers and have authority functions
At first Rohan thought it was a good idea to offer a car repair pick-up service at his auto repair shop, but then he realized that most customers called Tow-It-Now Inc. and it would be difficult to match that company's service. Which part of a VRIO analysis helped Rohan evaluate this idea?
rarity
When conducting a VRIO analysis, one question that must be answered is, "Is the resource or capability currently controlled by only a few firms or no other firms? This would determine the _____ associated with the resource.
rarity
The action by which workers vote on whether to accept or reject the terms of the contract negotiated by the union after collective bargaining is called _____.
ratification
Carson always feels like he is "putting out fires" at work and does not get an opportunity to figure out where problems might arise before they occur. Carson is dealing with ______ change.
reactive
The beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of an organization's staff regarding the extent of the changes needed and how willing and able they are to implement them is called ______.
readiness for change
During the interview, hiring manager Manuel openly discussed both the negative and positive aspects of the job with the applicant. This is an example of a(n) _____.
realistic job preview
As the human resource manager for her firm, Candace is responsible for identifying and attracting qualified applicants for available positions within the organization. This role is known as _____.
recruiting
The process of locating and attracting qualified applicants either outside or inside an organization for jobs open in the organization is called _____.
recruiting
Individuals who are asked to provide assessments of former employees are known as _____.
references
For organizational development efforts to succeed, human resource policies, procedures, and packages should ______ the other six parts of the innovation system.
reinforce
Michael Porter promoted the idea that a company's strategy must also create a "fit" with the way's a company's activities _____ one another towards a common goal.
reinforce
To reduce employee resistance, rewards systems should ______ proposed changes.
reinforce
A company that grows its business by purchasing a business that is related to its existing portfolio is engaging in _____.
related diversification
If research shows that a particular test measures the same thing consistently, the test has high _______.
reliability
An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______.
resistance to change
Reactive change is change that ______.
responds to problems or opportunities as they arise
Carlos's company has been making and selling the same products for years. Recently, though, sales have fallen, so the company has decided to focus on creating an environment that promotes communication and fosters innovation in the hopes that this will inspire new ideas for products. Carlos's company is using organization to ______.
revitalize the company
If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of _____ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.
rewards
Organizations can use _____, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.
rites and rituals
Activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in an organization's life are known as rites and ______.
rituals
An employee transfer within an organization is thought of as moving ______, because the employee is moving to a position of similar responsibility.
sideways
An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a _____.
simple structure
A(n) ______ interview is one in which the interviewer focuses on hypothetical scenarios, such as "What would you do if a customer used profane language in speaking to you?"
situational
During his interview, Mike is repeatedly given hypothetical scenarios and asked how he would respond. This is an example of the _____ type of structured interview.
situational
The economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships is referred to as _______ capital.
social
Concerns about the environment and pressure to reduce the amount of waste produced has led several cities to enact laws banning plastic bags, which has in turn promoted a rise in the production and availability of reusable canvas bags. This is an example of ______ acting as an external force for change.
social and political pressures
The process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as members of an organization is known as organizational _____.
socialization
The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to _____.
span of control
As more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, ______ is emerging as a necessary and powerful competitive weapon.
speed
A(n) ______ strategy requires little or no change to a company's product or service.
stability
When Johnson & Johnson promoted its baby shampoo as a gentle cleanser suitable for adults, it did this without changing the formulation of the product. Which type of corporate strategy does this exemplify?
stability
Under the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act, individual _____ are allowed to pass legislation outlawing union and agency shops. (Type only one word.)
states
Managers can help to change the organization's culture by paying attention to which _____ they use as narratives to symbolize the organization's vision and values to employees.
stories
When employees share a narrative about an actual event that created the company's culture, they are relying on _____ to symbolize the company's vision and values.
stories
A _____ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.
story
Developing a systematic, comprehensive strategy for understanding current employee needs and predicting future employee needs is referred to as ____ human resource planning.
strategic
Having (1) few needs and many customers, (2) broad needs and few customers, and (3) broad needs and many customers are the three sources from which _____ emerges
strategic position
Michael Porter defined _____ as an attempt to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinct about a company.
strategic positioning
A company's _____ is the large-scale action plan that encompasses the company's vision and is used to create the direction for the business.
strategy
Putting strategic plans into effect is referred to as _____.
strategy implementation
The BMW car company has a superior reputation within the industry and among car buyers. When applying SWOT analysis, this company's reputation is an example of a(n) ______.
strength
Precise work processes and high-ranking customer service are examples of organizational ______ in a SWOT analysis.
strengths
According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? (select all that apply)
the BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees and a crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat
An organization's vertical hierarchy of authority demonstrates: (select all that apply)
the official communication network, who talks to whom, and the organization's chain of command
In a matrix structure:
the organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid
Which of the following statements regarding integrated organizations are accurate? (select all that apply)
there is frequent communication and coordination of parts, specialists work together to achieve a common goal, and formal chains of command, standardized procedures, and cross-functional teams are common
Technology companies prefer an organic environment because _____.
they constantly have to adjust to technological change
Which of the following are accurate regarding Step 4 (Execute the Strategy) in the strategic management process? (select all that apply)
this step poses the greatest challenge for managers and top managers must check on possible roadblocks and see if it will be possible to execute the plans
Newly-implemented government regulations have reduced the availability of raw materials for Blair Woodworking Corp. This would be considered an external organizational ______ in a SWOT analysis.
threat
In terms of a SWOT analysis, organizational _______ are environmental factors that hinder an organization from achieving a competitive advantage.
threats
Within a SWOT analysis, the letter "T" represents a company's _____.
threats
Sasha has run a small diner near the train station for the past ten years. Six months ago, a chain restaurant serving gourmet burgers and sandwiches opened up near him and he has had to re-think his menu. He added some specialty sandwiches and free fries with every burger in order to retain his customers. Which of Porter's five competitive forces has affected Sasha's business?
threats of new entrants
Which of the following represent competitive forces used in Porter's model for industry analysis?
threats of new entrants, rivalry among competitors, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and threat of substitute products or services
Joan runs a drop-in play center and until recently she was the only business in town where families could find reasonably-priced entertainment for their children. Joan learned that two fast-food restaurants with play areas are being built nearby so she is coming up with ways to convince her customers that her center is preferable. Which of Porter's five competitive forces is Joan specifically worried about?
threats of substitute products or services
Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______.
top managers are not committed
Using statistical analysis of historical data to predict future events is called _____.
trend analysis
In order to overcome employee resistance to innovative change, change agents must first have a ______.
trusting relationship
Human resource mangers use the term _____ to describe a situation in which an employee leaves and is replaced through internal or external hiring.
turnover
Under a(n) _____ contract, new union employees are paid less or receive fewer benefits than union employees with longer service or tenure.
two-tier wage
According to Lewin's Change Model, during the first stage, referred to as the ______ stage, managers need to instill in employees the motivation to change by encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to motivation.
unfreezing
Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,
unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being.
A labor _____ is an organization of employees formed to protect and advance members' interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues.
union
When Max was hired to work in the warehouse of the automobile manufacturing facility, he was told that while he didn't have to join the union immediately, he would have to join within the first eight weeks of his employment. Which type of workplace labor agreement does this exemplify?
union shop
Early management scholars believed strongly in the principle of _____, in which employees should report to no more than one manager in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands.
unity of command
Wisconsin Dairy Farms wants to grow revenue and feels the best way to do this is by purchasing a business that is not in the dairy industry. After a lengthy analysis, it purchases Hydro Generator Corp. which supplies energy along the Pacific coast. What type of strategy is the company using?
unrelated diversification
During the interview, hiring manager Susan asked job applicants whatever questions popped into her head, with no systematic scoring procedure for their answers. This is an example of a(n) ______ interview.
unstructured
While it provides a more accurate assessment of an applicant's job-related personality characteristics, the ______ has been criticized as being overly subjective and more prone to interviewer bias. In addition, its format can cause legal trouble because some questions may be unrelated to the job.
unstructured interview
Organizational development efforts are more likely to fail if they ______.
use the same intervention across cultures
If employers use a test to try to predict future job performance, it is vital that the test have ______ to ensure that it actually measures performance related to the job and is free from bias.
validity
Carlos is doing a VRIO analysis for a product his company is thinking about producing. The first question he asks is, "Does this new capability allow us to minimize the threat of the main competitor gaining more market share?" He decides the answer to this question is "yes." Which aspect of the VRIO analysis does this question answer?
value
In the large city where Cassandra lives, many people are asking for her restaurant to deliver food to their offices. Her restaurant has never delivered food before but since so many people have requested this service Cassandra decides it's a good idea to do it. In a VRIO analysis, Cassandra has determined the ____ of this capability.
value
What four characteristics are being addressed in a VRIO analysis?
value, rarity, organization and imitability
In organizational culture, enacted values represent the
values and norms that are actually exhibited in the organization
