mgt 3120 final

The first comprehensive contingency model for leadership was developed by ________.

Fred Fiedler

Which of the following statements is TRUE

HR management is the voice of organizational ethics.

Some of the departmental directors spend more time training and helping their employees, while other spend more time on the technical issues that arise in the development process. According to the categories used in the University of Michigan studies, the directors can be described as ________.

employee-oriented vs. production-oriented

All of the following are examples of downward communication flows EXCEPT

employees completing attitude surveys

When all communication is channeled through one person, a ________ communication network exists.

wheel

The trend in recent years has been toward ________.

wider spans of control

Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. One of the questions you tell the trainees to ask is, "To what degree are tasks subdivided into separate jobs?" This question addresses the issue of ________.

work specialization

The two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic factors. Which of the following is an example of such a factor?

working conditions

________ defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated.

organizational structure

________ is a technique used to predict future outcomes based on historical data and analytics techniques.

predictive analytics

A technological innovation that improves the performance and speed of a computer's operating system would be considered a ________ innovation.

product

After you start a new job, how can you assess whether you are a fit?

Ask yourself, "Do my values align with the organization's values?"

Which of the following is true of informal groups?

Informal groups can advance or undercut the plans of formal groups.

Jan is a security officer. Jan believes that it is important to know exactly who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch, which makes it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. Jan becomes frustrated with those employees. She makes note of them and reports them to their supervisors. What is the behavioral component of Jan's attitude to the employees who did not sign out of the office?

Jan notes which employees leave the office without signing out and reports them to their supervisors.

Two managers are talking about how they get the best out of their employees: Jo: "I tell my employees that times are tough and there is no way of telling when the guys in head office might try to downsize. Let me tell you, a bit of fear keeps them focused on the task at hand." Chris: "I tell them that head office is making them more responsible for deciding how to do their work. The increased sense of ownership they have makes productivity go way up." How would these managers be best characterized by Douglas McGregor?

Jo holds Theory X assumptions; Chris holds Theory Y assumptions.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the function of leadership within an organization?

Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles.

________ is the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals.

Organizational commitment

Derek proposed the purchase of a new Toshiba copier to his boss, Guadalupe. Guadalupe said that she has always used and liked Xerox copiers, but when she thinks about it later, she realizes she does not really feel strongly about the brand of copy machine used in the office. Guadalupe should probably adopt a(n) ________ conflict-handling style when trying to resolve this matter with Derek

accomodating

McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs?

achievement, power and affiliation

The ________ component of an attitude is the emotional or feeling component of that attitude.

affective

Culture may be a liability when it is a barrier to ________.

all of the above

Ichiro is an on-site coordinator for the International Olympics Committee. Ichiro is good at his job because he regularly seeks new ideas and contrary opinions. He tolerates ambiguity well while being quite task-focused. Ichiro's decision-making style is best described as

analytical

Leaders who know who they are, know what they believe in and value, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly are known as

authentic leaders

Grace missed another deadline and her boss, Kiara, is very upset. Kiara will have to explain to the client again why the project is behind. Kiara thinks she may say something she'll regret if she talks to Grace about this now, so she decides to wait a while. Kiara is using the ________ style of handling conflict.

avoiding

Saburo, a server in a downtown café, is very popular with customers and employees. He has a warm personality and will always lend a hand when needed. Saburo has a supportive nature that leads people to confide in him. He does have a tendency to avoid conflict and finds it difficult to say no when he might hurt someone's feelings. Saburo likely has a(n) ________ decision-making style.

behavioral

Santiago is the vice president of operations for a company that manufactures floor cleaning robots. The company's largest factory recently burned down, though thankfully no one was harmed. Now Santiago must decide the best course forward to replace that manufacturing capacity. He is considering rebuilding in the same location, moving to another city or state, or even another continent. In making this decision, Santiago will likely encounter ________ due to the countless locations, timelines, contractors, and demand pressures he must consider.

bounded rationality

A(n) ________ communication network occurs when a checkout clerk reports to a department manager, who in turn reports to a store manager, who reports to a regional manager.

chain

John Kotter's view argues that management focuses on coping with complexity, whereas leadership focuses on coping with ________.

change

Employees and customers are treated like a family at Rahal Realty. Fadil and Inas Rahal, the owners, work to encourage unity to increase their employees' job satisfaction and commitment. At their realty, the Rahals have built a(n) ________ culture.

clan

The belief that "violence is wrong" is a descriptive statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude.

cognitive

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in

cognitive dissonance

________ is the conflict-handling style in which both parties give up something to gain something.

compromising

In the performing stage of group development, members

concentrate on solving problems and completing tasks.

Employers can look for high ________ scores to specifically hire workers who perform well, are liked by their supervisors, and are resilient.

conscientiousness

When Emily, an American manager, became director of operations at the firm's apparel factory in China, the tension mounted quickly due to misunderstandings and the extensive time needed to translate conversations between herself and the employees. Emily is experiencing ________ conflict.

cross cultural

Symbols, stories, heroes, and rites and rituals are ways in which ________ is (are) most often transmitted to employees.

culture

Reggie's Records uses time-series forecasts, such as past holiday sales and the strength of store sales this year, to predict future sales based on patterns of historical data. Reggie's is using

data analytics

A person's ________ reflects the combination of how he or she perceives and responds to information.

decision-making style

The receiver of a communication is most likely to ________ a message initiated by the sender.

decode

Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. You instruct the trainees to ask about the degree of rules and regulations that direct employees and managers. You want to help them understand the ________.

degree of formalization

Max was recently promoted to production manager at a busy boat factory. As a department manager, Max had proven himself to be very efficient, and he had a logical and practical approach to solving problems. Max has a reputation for being decisive and getting things done. Most of the factory's employees like Max, but they feel he exercises too much control over them. Max most often uses a(n) ________ decision-making style.

directive

Ricky told his team that he is moving forward with a change to the bonus structure, despite vocal objections from several team members. Ricky is using the ________ conflict-handling sty

dominating

Harrison is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions?

emotional stability

Jake tells his boss only what he believes the boss wants to hear. Jake is engaging in ________.

filtering

A strong organizational culture may reduce

formalization

At which stage in Tuckman's Model, is trust the lowest?

forming

______ is a "we feeling" that binds group members togeth

group cohesiveness

Who proposed the two-factor theory of motivation

herzberg

The knowledge, education, training, skills, and expertise of a firm's workers is known as:

human capital

Bruce, whose primary job is supervising a small production group, is not getting cooperation from all members on the cross-functional team he leads. In particular, Selas, a senior marketing manager, seems to resist his direction and tries to influence team members to go in another direction. The source of conflict in this case may be

inconsistent goals.

Bear State Bank has decided that tellers must rotate through a new weekend shift on Saturday afternoons because several of its financial competitors have recently begun to offer additional hours to customers. Bear State Bank is implementing a(n) ________ change.

innovative

32) A small, blockchain-based banking firm has a clan culture. Its employees have generous perks and are empowered to participate and collaborate on key projects. The end results are profitability and an enviably low 2-percent turnover rate. A clan culture has a(n)

internal focus and values flexibility.

After three summers working for a local landscaping business, Scott suggested that his boss add snow removal as an extra service. With this holistic hunch, Scott was acting on ________ that snow removal might be a good addition to the service offerings.

intuition

Communication that takes place among members of work groups at the same level is known as ________ communication.

lateral

Which of the following is an inside force for change

low productivity

Terry, the owner of River City Flooring, is driven by competition. His company sells and installs custom flooring, cabinets, and countertops. River City Flooring focuses on customers by delivering quality results on tight deadlines. Terry pushes his managers to continually exceed their productivity goals because that is what increases profits. Terry feels "there is not enough time for training." However, his employees are regularly rewarded for their success in meeting company goals. River City Flooring has a(n) ________ culture.

market

The ________ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization

mechanistic model

The channel by which a communication is passed between a sender and a receiver is called a ________.

medium

Customers often comment on the ________ at Nate's Wine and Spirits. The employees are engaged, knowledgeable, and friendly to the point that customers describe it as a family-like atmosphere. Their "social glue" is so strong they even do things together outside of work.

organizational culture

Proctor & Gamble departmentalizes by Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________.

product

A(n) ________ change involves introducing a practice that is new to the industry, such as using drones (rather than delivery trucks) to deliver products to customers.

radically innovative

Nunya is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. The regular distribution of lollipops, toys, or treats every Friday is an example of a ________ that helps reinforce Nunya's culture.

ritual

________ teams have been found to have a positive effect on productivity and attitudes of control, yet no impact on job satisfaction or organizational commitment.

self managed

Because she beat her goal this year by nearly 30 percent, Helena has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal. She said her failure was due to the poor economy. Helena provides an example of

self serving bias

During communication, the ________ initiates a message by encoding a thought

sender

The ________ refers to the number of subordinates that a manager directs.

span of control

Lewin's change model consists of three

stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.

Reminding employees about the founders at each quarterly meeting is an example of which technique for transmitting culture?

stories

Nick's team was not making much progress on defining a new production process. Wesley was being very uncooperative. He did not agree with Nick's direction, and he has not completed his tasks. This team is in what stage of group development?

storming

If you have a narrow span of control, you have a(n) ________ organization.

tall

Human resources management refers to:

the management of people in organizations.

In an organization that has high centralization, ________.

top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out directions

Which theory states that people are born with certain characteristics that predispose them to being leaders?

trait theory

You are the CEO of an engineering design firm that has several departments, each specializing in the design of different products. You have noticed a great deal of difference between the styles of the various department directors. You also see a big difference in the morale, employee satisfaction levels, and effectiveness (productivity) levels of the departments. One of your goals as CEO is to maximize productivity across all departments. As you look at the difference between the department directors, you notice that some are more charismatic and enthusiastic than others. In identifying this difference, you are looking at the directors' ______

traits

Communication must include both the ________ and the understanding of meaning.

transfer

Trait research focused on ________, whereas behavioral studies focused on ________.

underlying traits; observable behavior

Go Grub's customer complaints have increased because its drivers often get lost when attempting deliveries, which means that the deliveries arrived late. The drivers have resisted using GPS systems, claiming they know their territories, but managers are now encouraging them to look for the best solution to the increased level of customer complaints. Go Grub is in the ________ stage of Lewin's change model.

unfreezing

According to the diversity wheel, which of the following is an organizational dimension?

union affiliation

Suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance procedures are examples of ________.

upward communication

All contingency theories are based on the idea that effective leadership performance depends on ________.

using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situational conditions