MI 1.3

Ossicles (Malleus, Inccus, Stapes)

(anvil,hammer,stirrup) form linkage btwn ear drum and the inner ear to send vibrations

Semicircular canals

Are located above the cochlea.there are three sections, that contain fluid which moves when we do.nerves send messages to the brain, which in turn signals muscles to help us keep our balance

What is the difference between sensorineural hearing loss and conductive hearing loss?

Conductive hearing loss - when hearing loss is due to problems with the ear canal, ear drum, or middle ear and its little bones (the malleus, incus, and stapes). Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) - when hearing loss is due to problems of the inner ear, also known as nerve-related hearing loss.

Explain how sound travels through the air.

Sound travels as a wave, which generates vibrations that move in air particles

Ear canal

Than narrow passage through which sound enters the ear.

Inner Ear

The essential part of the vertebrate organ of hearing and equilibrium that includes the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea

Middle Ear

The intermediate portion of the ear containing a chain of three ossicles that extends from the tympanic membrane to the oval window and transmits vibrations to the inner ear

Why is it dangerous to listen to an MP3 player at excessively loud volumes for extensive periods?

The mp3 player can be played above 85 decibels, which would cause damage to the hearing receptors, leading to (permanent)hearing loss.

Auditory (Cochlear)nerve

These send messages to the brain, which are then interpreted as sounds

What type of hearing loss does this simulate? Explain your answer (cotton balls in ear)

This stimulates conductive hearing loss, which is caused by blockage (ear wax,infection,fluid) blocking the ear canal

Rinne Test

a hearing test, primarily for evaluating loss of hearing in one ear. It compares perception of sounds transmitted by air conduction to those transmitted by bone conduction through the mastoid

Pinna

collects sounds and funnels them in to the auditory canal

Auditory canal

connects the outer ear with the eardrum ( Tympanic Membrane)

Conductive hearing loss

hearing loss occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves anywhere along the route through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear (ossicles), typically due to fluid,infection, or ear wax! affects the passage of sound between the ear drum and the inner ear

Sensorineural hearing loss

most common hearing loss, hearing loss or impairment resulting from problems with the auditory nerve (pathway problems from inner ear to brain)

Frequency

wavelength per second

Describe the pathway of sound from the time a sound is generated to the time our brain registers the sound. Make sure to include all key structures of the ear in your description.

First, the sound waves enter the ear through the pinna, then to the auditory canal, then the eardrum. Then this causes vibrations through the tympanic membrane, making the mallus, incus, and stapes to vibrate forcefully. Then, hitting the oval window, to the cochlea's fluid which causes hairs to move and send an impulse to the auditory nerve, which is sent to the brain.

Sensory hair cells

Hair cells of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in the ears of all vertebrates. Through mechanotransduction, hair cells detect movement in their environment.

All sounds for speech vibrate at different frequencies, which is how you differentiate speech sounds. Vowels are relatively low in pitch, while consonants such as l, m, and n are in the middle range of pitches. Many speech sounds such as s and f are high in pitch. How would speech understanding be affected by a person with moderate to severe high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss?

High-frequency sensorineural hearing loss allows speech to be heard, but not very clearly

Oval window

Is at the boundary between the middle ear and inner ear., causing vibrations to pass into a coiled, fluid filled tube, known as the Cochlea

Why would a person with conductive hearing loss hear the tuning fork through bone conduction longer than or equally as long as through air conduction?

Putting the tuning fork on the bone allows the sound to skip the outer ear and middle ear and go straight to the cochlea (outer + middle ear are what is damaged in conductive hearing loss)

Outer Ear

The outer visible portion of the ear that collects and directs sound waves toward the tympanic membrane by way of a canal which extends inward through the temporal bone

How did your hearing with the cotton balls in your ear compare to your normal hearing without the cotton balls?

The sound was much more muffled and blocked off

Vestibule

detect changes in gravity and linear acceleration. So, for example, structures in the vestibule are responsible for telling you if you're standing up straight or if you are upside down

Speech-in-Noise Test

test is a screening and is only to be used as an indication. Listening to speech with other noise going on

Ear drum (tympanic membrane)

the beginning of the middle ear and is made of a thin sheet of muscle and skin that vibrates in response to sounds.Vibrations are passed to the Ossicles

Audiograms (Pure tone test)

the key hearing test used to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual, enabling determination of the degree, type and configuration of a hearing loss

Vestibular nerve

the part of the auditory nerve in the inner ear that carries sensory information related to body equilibrium

Cochlea

transforms the sound in neural message, transforms the vibrations of the cochlear liquids and associated structures into a neural signal

Eustachian tube

tube that connects the middle ear with the Pharynx and equalizes the pressure between the two sides of the eardrum