Module 1

Stack

A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste or vent piping

DWV

The abbreviation for drainage, waste and vent

Battery of fixtures

any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch.

plumbum (latin)

lead

Egyptians

used copper pipes in their irrigation and sewage systems

General Parts of a Typical Storm Drainage System

1. Gutter 2. Leader 3. Downspout 4. Catch basin 5. Storm drainage pipe 6. Area drain 7. Junction box 8. Storm main

General Parts of a Typical Water Supply and Distribution System

1. Water main 2. Water service pipe 3. Building supply pipe 4. Riser or Upfeed pipe 5. Downfeed pipe 6. Branch or Lateral 7. Fixture branch 8. Fixture supply 9. Valve

Half bath

A bathroom containing a water closet and a lavatory

Full bath

A bathroom containing a water closet, a lavatory, and a bathtub.

Backwater valve

A device installed in piping to prevent the reverse flow of storm or sewage into the drainage system or their branches.

9. Valve

A device used to control, regulate, divert the flow, pressure, heat of liquid, fluid or gas or in a plumbing system, e.g. gate valve, globe valve, check valve, pressure relief valve, temperature and pressure relief valve, float valve, etc.

Cleanout

A fitting with a removable plate or plug that is placed in plumbing drainage pipe lines to allow access to the pipes for the purpose of cleaning and maintenance

Seepage pit/ Cesspool/ Dry well

A loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the discharge of a septic tank and designed to permit the effluent from the septic tank to seep through the bottom and sides of the pit

Yoke vent

A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor and below the horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack at a point above the floor and higher than the highest spill level of fixtures for preventing pressure changes in the stack.

Sewer

A pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and wastewater

Vent pipe

A pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals

Waste Pipe

A pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter. A waste pipe may be connected directly or indirectly depending on the type of fixture

Soil Pipe

A pipe that conveys the discharge of water closets or similar fixtures containing fecal matter, with or without the discharge of other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer

Drain

A pipe which carries ground and surface water, storm water or wastewater into the building drainage system.

Water distributing pipe

A pipe which conveys potable water from the building supply pipe to the plumbing fixtures and other outlets

Water Service Pipe

A portion of water supply pipe from the water main or other source of water before the water meter

Back pressure

A pressure within the sanitary drainage system or vent piping system that is greater than atmospheric pressure (>14.7 psi).

Plumbing Fixture

A receptacle attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or wastes may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.

Siphonage

A suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes; a pressure less than the atmospheric pressure.

Ventilation System

A system of pipes, fittings, and other devices installed for the purpose of providing air circulation and creating balanced atmospheric condition within the system, thereby preventing siphonage and backpressure

Sump

A tank or pit below the normal grade of gravity receiving liquid wastes or sewage from which the wastes or sewage must be mechanically pumped to a higher receiving point

Bibb

A term that is synonymous with faucet, cock, plug, tap or spigot.

Ball valve

A valve in which the flow of liquid is controlled by a rotating drilled ball that fits tightly against a resilient (flexible) seat in the valve body.

Globe valve

A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk that fits against the valve seat. The plane of movement of the disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water, which is turned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of the disk.

Gate Valve

A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk, fitting against machine-smoothed surfaces at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by means of a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. The opening in the valve is usually as large as the full bore of the pipe

Angle valve

A valve in which the inlet and outlet openings are at 90o angle to one another.

Faucet

A valve on a water pipe by means of which water can be drawn from or held within the pipe. The valve is placed on the end of the pipe

Flush valve

A valve used in a flush tank controlling the flushing of fixture.

Branch interval

A vertical length of soil or waste stack at least eight feet in height (a storey height), within which the horizontal branches from one storey or floor of the building or structure are connected to the stack.

Soil stack

A vertical pipe which conveys the discharge of water closet, urinal or fixtures having similar function, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer

Main vent/ Vent stack

A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the purpose of providing circulation of air to or from any part of the building drainage system

Indirect Waste Pipe

A waste pipe that DOES NOT CONNECT DIRECTLY with the drainage system but that discharges into the drainage system through an air break or gap into a trap. refrigerator waste pipe, drinking fountain waste pipe

Riser

A water supply pipe that extends vertically one story or more to carry water to fixtures.

Manhole

An opening constructed in any part of plumbing system, of sufficient size for a person to gain access thereto

Privy

An outhouse or structure used for the deposition of excrement

Branch

Any part of the piping system other the main, riser or stack.

Sewage

Any wastewater containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution

Plumbing Accessories

Devices that may be added in a plumbing facility or toilet that adds convenience, comfort, aesthetic or any other useful purpose to the user such as soap holder, toilet paper holder, towel bar, towel ring, mirror, shower curtain rod, etc.

General Parts of a Typical Sanitary Drainage and Ventilation System

Fixtures Fixture Drain Trap Cleanout Soil Pipe Waste Pipe Indirect Waste Pipe Soil and Waste Branch Branch Interval SoilorWasteStack House/Building Drain House/Building Drain Branch House/Building Sewer Vent Stack or Main Vent Stack Vent or Main Soil and waste vent Vent Stack Thru Roof BranchVent Individual or Back Vent Common/Dual/Duplex/Unit Vent

Sanitary Drainage Pipes

Pipes installed to remove wastewater and waterborne wastes from plumbing fixtures and convey these to the sanitary sewer and other points of disposal

Caulking/ Calking/ Cogging

Plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other material that are pounded into the annular space. Also, the material pounded into the annular space

Hub

See bell

Building drain/ House drain

That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the building sewer/house sewer.

Spigot

The end of a pipe which fits into a bell; also a word used synonymously with faucet

Bell or hub

The end portion of a pipe which for a short distance is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe which may be of the same diameter for the purpose of making a joint.

Building Supply Pipe The first section of water supply piping in a building after the water meter.

The first section of water supply piping in a building after the water meter.

Backflow

The flow of water or wastewater in pipes in a reverse direction from that normally intended.

Back Siphonage

The flowing by negative pressure of contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture into a potable water system.

Roughing-in

The installation of parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to installation of fixtures or finishing. This includes drainage, water supply and vent piping and necessary fixture supports

Flood level

The level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim of the fixture

Air Break (Drainage System)

The physical separation between a waste pipe and an indirect waste receptor or device indirectly connected.

Main

The principal pipe to which the branches may be connected

Air gap

The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the outlet of a faucet and the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle.

downspout (drainpipe)

The vertical portion of a rainwater conductor

Vent stack/ Main vent

The vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air to and from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system

Flow rate

The volume of water used by a plumbing fixture in a given amount of time. Usually expressed in gallons per minute (gpm).

potable water

Water free from impurities present in amounts sufficient to cause disease or harmful physiological effects and conforming to the regulations of the public health authority having jurisdiction.

Plumbing Fixture Trim

Water supply and drainage fitting installed on fixtures designed to control the flow of water into the fixture or area and the flow of waste water from the fixture to the drainage system, e.g. lavatory fixture trim, bathtub fixture trim and fittings.

Public sewer

a common sewer directly controlled by public authority to which all abutters have equal rights of connections

Insanitary

a condition contrary to sanitary principles OR INJURIOUS TO HEALTH.

Hose bibb

a faucet to which A HOSE MAY BE ATTACHED.

Lavatory/ Wash basin

a fixture designed for washing of the hands and face.

Septic tank

a tank that separates solid waste from liquids and that has bacteria that break down the solid waste through a system of open jointed sub-surface piping or a seepage pit

Baths of Diocletian

an architectural marvel which could accommodate 3,200 bathers at a single time, with separate hot, cold, and tepid baths

plumbing

art and science of creating and maintaining sanitary conditions in building used by human, installing, repairing and servicing the pipes, fixtures, and appurtenances necessary for bringing in water supply and removing liquid and water-borne wastes

Plumbing Equipment

assembly consisting of mechanical or electrical components designed and manufactured to perform a specific purpose such as conveying water, pressuring water system, heating, etc.

Pipes These are cylindrical conduits or conductors, the wall thickness is sufficient to receive a standard pipe, used to convey water or liquid wastes, e.g. cast iron pipe, galvanized iron pipe, plastic pipe, copper pipe, etc.

cylindrical conduits or conductors, the wall thickness is sufficient to receive a standard pipe, used to convey water or liquid wastes, e.g. cast iron pipe, galvanized iron pipe, plastic pipe, copper pipe, etc.

Plumbing Trap

designed to catch and hold a small quantity of water to provide a seal that prevents gases from the sewer system from entering the building

Flushometer valve

is a device, which discharges a predetermined quantity of water into fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure

Babylon

knew hydraulics, had skillfully planned network of canals

Indus Valley

location of the oldest artifact (copper pipe used in a water system in the ruins)

Drainage Fixture Unit (dfu)

measurement used to size drainage piping that is based on the size of the drainpipe and trap on a particular fixture. 7.5 gals. per minute or one cubic foot of water per minute.

P trap/ 1/2 S trap/ GooseneckA

p-shaped trap commonly used on most plumbing fixtures except for fixture having integral trap

Building/ House sewer

part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system, or other appropriate point of disposal

plumbarius (latin)

person who worked in the field of sanitation during the Roman times

Storm Drainage System

pipes, fittings, devices, and appurtenances for removing storm water - rainwater, surface runoff, and underground seepage resulting from precipitation.

Drainage Systems

piping within public/private premises which conveys sewage, rainwater, or other liquid wastes to a point of disposal

Plumbing Appurtenance

prefabricated assembly of component parts or a manufactured device or an on-the-job assembly of component parts that is adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures and that which does not require additional water nor additional discharge load to a fixture or to the drainage system, e.g. cleanout, air chamber, pressure regulator, vacuum breaker, etc.

Fixture

receptacle attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or wastes may be collected or obtained for ultimate into the plumbing system, e.g. water closet, lavatory, sink, urinal, floor drain, etc.

Sanitary Drainage and Vent Piping System

remove wastewater and waterborne wastes from plumbing fixtures and appliances, and to provide air circulation within the drainage piping.

Plumbing Appliance

special class of plumbing fixture intended to perform a special function, e.g. washing machine, dishwasher, clothes dryer, water dispenser (cold and cold), etc.

Fitting

standardized pre-fabricated components used to connect sections of pipes, equipment, fixtures, trims, etc. Fittings may be categorized as: water line fittings or drainage fittings. (elbow, coupling, tee, street tee, sanitary tee, bend, union, cap, plug)

Water Supply and Distribution System

system in plumbing which provides and distributes water to the different parts of the building or structure (drinking, cleaning, washing, culinary use) includes pipes and other equip. ; systems can be hot or cold

Deadend

the extended portion of a pipe that is CLOSE TO ONE END;permitting stagnation of wastewater or air therein.

Plumbing System

water supply distributing pipes; fixtures and fixture traps; the soil and waste pipes; vent pipes; the building drain and building sewer, storm drainage pipes; with their devices, appurtenances, and connections within the building and outside the building (not going beyond the property line)