nutrition final

Porter is an athlete who weighs 100 kg. Based on this information, he should consume _____ g of protein daily.

110

The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

145 ºF.

Kristan is due to give birth to a boy in September. Before she became pregnant, Kristan weighed 160 pounds, which was in the overweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

15 to 25

Zoe is due to give birth to a girl in November. Before she became pregnant, Zoe weighed 168 pounds, which was in the overweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

15 to 25

Craig is a 22-year-old man who has a healthy percentage of body fat. Based on this information, about _____ of his body is fat.

15%

The USDA recommends that egg custard be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

160 ºF.

The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

160 ºF.

The USDA recommends that fresh turkey be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

165 ºF.

Jenny is a competitive athlete who weighs 60 kg and trains for about 2 hours a day. She would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, she should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily.

180 to 600

Alexis weighs 6.5 pounds at birth. Assuming her development proceeds normally, she should weigh about _____ pounds by her first birthday.

19.5

Reyna is a competitive athlete who weighs 65 kg and trains for less than 4 hours a day, most days of the week. She would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain her weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, she should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily.

195 to 650

Angie is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Angie weighed 215 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. She should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

20

Elsa is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Elsa weighed 195 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. She should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

20

Cammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2000 kcal/day. Based on this information, her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy.

2000

Tatiana is a competitive athlete who weighs 70 kg. She trains for about 2 hours on most days of the week. She would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain her weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, she should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily.

210 to 700

Bernard weighs 7.5 pounds at birth. Assuming his development proceeds normally, he should weigh about _____ pounds by his first birthday.

22.5

Alicia's goal is to become a world-class endurance athlete. She trains aerobically for at least 90 minutes daily. She weighs 55 kg. Based on this information, what is the minimum number of kilocalories she needs to consume daily to maintain her body weight while in training?

2475

Iliana is due to give birth to a girl in March. Before she became pregnant, IIiana weighed 135 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

25 to 35

Hank is a competitive athlete who weighs 85 kg and trains for less than 4 hours, every other day. He would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, he should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily.

255 to 850

Lucinda is a healthy, physically active young woman whose energy requirement is 2750 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

2750 kcal

Jenna is due to give birth to a girl in February. Before she became pregnant, Jenna weighed 105 pounds, which was in the underweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

28 to 40

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

3500

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between

40 and 140 ºF

An athlete who weighs 75 kg should consume _____ g of protein daily.

82.5

An athlete who weighs 85 kg should consume _____ g of protein daily.

93.5

Chase is an athlete who weighs 90 kg. According to this information, he should consume _____ g of protein daily.

99

Which of the following statements is true?

A child's appetite typically increases as his or her growth rate increases.

Which of the following statements is true?

A person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet.

_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells

ATP

_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells.

ATP

Which of the following formulas is the best way to estimate your total daily energy needs accurately?

Add kilocalories used for basal metabolism, physical activity, and thermic effect of food.

Which of the following statements is true?

Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups.

_____ is a type of tiny worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked fish.

Anisakis

_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time.

Bariatric surgery

_____ is the use of living things to manufacture improved foods and other products.

Biotechnology

According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may benefit muscle recovery after intense exercise?

Branched chain amino acids

____ is often lacking in the diets of older adults

Calcium

Which of the following statements is true?

Caregivers shouldn't give popcorn, grapes, and cut-up raw vegetables to infants.

Vince enjoys cooking, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps can he take to reduce this likelihood?

Cook foods to proper internal temperatures

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?

Cycling

Which of the following statements is true?

During low-intensity activities, muscle cells burn more fat than glucose.

Which of the following conditions is a major cause of death among pregnant women in the United States?

Eclampsia

Which of the following foods is frequently a source of the toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?

Egg salad

Which of the following substances can be metabolized for ATP production?

Fat

Which of the following statements is true?

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.

_____ is a physiological change associated with aging.

Hardening of the arteries

Dante is an obese 3-year-old child. _____ is a factor that is highly associated with obesity among preschool children.

High birth weight

Which of the following agencies is responsible for inspecting restaurants for food-related safety problems?

Local health department

Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa?

Maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the healthy weight for his or her height

Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women?

Mild nausea and vomiting

____ is often lacking in the diets of older adults.

Potassium

____ can be metabolized for ATP production.

Protein

Which of the following statements is true?

Raw ground beef is often a source of E. coli O157:H7.

Which of the following federally subsidized food programs is designed to improve the nutritional status specifically of low-income, school-age children?

School Breakfast Program

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?

Stair stepping

_____ is the primary function of adipose cells.

Storing fat

_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

Subcutaneous

Tamara is a 19-year-old female college student. Her percentage of body fat is 8%. Which of the following statements about Tamara is true?

Tamara's percentage of body fat is too low.

Which of the following statements is true?

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program helps low-income Americans buy food.

_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

Visceral

____ is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women.

Vitamin C

____ is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women.

Vitamin D

Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.

WIC

Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most fat?

Walking for 30 minutes

_____ is the gradual process of shifting a baby from breastfeeding or bottle feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods.

Weaning

Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has

abnormal menstrual cycles.

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil.

Bernice is 91 years of age. Her _____ is likely to have a negative influence her nutritional status.

annual income

Lilly's BMI is 14.8. She thinks she's fat, so she exercises intensely for at least 3 hours each day to keep from gaining weight. She's a "picky eater" who often chews a mouthful of food for several minutes before spitting it out. She wears layers of clothing, even in warm weather, because she feels cold, Based on this information, Lilly probably has

anorexia nervosa.

Pathogens

are disease-causing microbes.

Dorothy is 86 years of age. Her _____ is likely to have a negative influence her nutritional status.

arthritis

Jared is a healthy 23-year-old who exercises but isn't an athlete. Based on this information, most of his body's total energy use is for

basal metabolism.

Lilly's BMI is 42.3. She is disgusted with herself because she eats excessive amounts of food, even when she's not hungry. However, the idea of purging to eliminate the calories doesn't appeal to her. Based on this information, Lilly has

binge-eating disorder

The _____ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.

body mass index

Michelle is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula feed her new baby. To encourage Michelle to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that

breastfeeding may reduce her baby's risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood.

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of

cardiovascular disease.

Fred's BMI is 32.4, his waist circumference is 44 inches, and his hip circumference is 40 inches. Based on this information, he has a higher than average risk of

cardiovascular disease.

Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese.

colon cancer

Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of

colon cancer.

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce

colostrum.

To boost his protein and complex carbohydrate intake without adding much solid fat to his diet, Devon can eat

cooked macaroni sprinkled with grated cheese.

You can improve your children's eating habits by

discouraging eating while watching television.

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from

drinking polluted water.

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that's characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed

eclampsia.

The hormone oxytocin

enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby.

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to

exercise for at least 60 minutes daily.

While Trey is relaxing while watching television, his muscles are relying primarily on ____ for energy.

fat

Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with

fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.

Corrina is a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

folate

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains

folic acid.

During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Andrew's teeth has eroded, and the some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Andrew

frequently makes himself vomit after purging.

Compared to other mice, a mouse that has a "thrifty metabolism"

gains weight more easily.

Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese.

gallbladder disease

Lily is a 5′4′′, 40-year-old woman who weighs almost 200 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like a surgical weight loss method that can be easily reversed and does not involve stapling her stomach or cutting her small intestine. Based on this information, her physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help her lose some of her excess weight.

gastric banding

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely increases the appetite of underweight people to help them gain weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production, release, or action of

ghrelin

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of

ghrelin

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants

honey

Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese.

hypertension

People with BMIs of 30 or more have greater risks of _____ than people with BMIs in the healthy range.

hypertension

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program

includes regular physical activity.

The liver can convert _____ into glucose that can be released into the bloodstream or stored as glycogen.

lactate

Human milk is a rich source of

linoleic acid

Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they

lose the extrusion reflex.

Ginny is a 20-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has

low energy intake.

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he

marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken and uses the marinade to make a dipping sauce for the chicken.

Reyna is a healthy 27-year-old pregnant woman. She is experiencing _____, a common nutrition-related sign of pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

minor edema of the hands and feet

In the United States, _____ are more likely to be obese than other adults.

non hispanic black women

Macey's BMI is 30.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range.

obese

Registered dietitian nutritionists recommend feeding babies

only breast milk until the infants are 6 months of age.

Plumpy'nut contains micronutrients and

peanuts, powdered milk, oil, and sugar.

Some women crave non-food items during pregnancy. This behavior is called

pica.

People who have bulimia nervosa typically avoid gaining weight after bingeing on food by

purging, including self-induced vomiting.

Michelle's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, cycling, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a strength (resistance) exercise?

push-ups

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy, the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding. This practice

reduces Ariel's risk of bleeding excessively after delivery

The weight loss medication orlistat (Alli)

reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract

Conventional farming creates problems for the environment. An international team of experts proposed some steps to help solve such problems, including

reducing food waste by better menu planning.

Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

secretion of stomach acid

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

semisolid food in a baby bottle

Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese.

sleep apnea

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

soft drinks

After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you'd expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior.

sores on her knuckles

An athlete who wants to replenish his or her glycogen stores quickly after performing vigorous physical activity should consume

sports drinks.

Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to

stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water.

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

thyroid

Which of the following substances is a major factor that influences a person's metabolic rate?

thyroid hormone

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop _____ than people who don't have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

type 2 diabetes

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of

type 2 diabetes.

Julio wants to cook chicken, make a salad, and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if h

wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the saladvegetables.