OB Workbook Ch. 10

Malignancy suspicion increases with the amount of solid tissue in a complex mass and if the volume exceeds ___ in postmenopausal women and ____ in premenopausal women

10 cm3; 20 cm3

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Accumulation of mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity

increase specificity in diagnosing ovarian malignancy, what lab values are tested

CA 125, hCG, AFP, CEA

Krukenberg tumor

Carcinoma of the ovary, usually metastatic from gastrointestinal cancer, marked by areas of mucoid degeneration and by the presence of signet-ring cells

Mucinous cystadenoma

Cystic mass filled with thick gelatinous cystic fluid

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Enzyme involved in production of energy of the cells; elevated levels in the blood indicates tissue damage, cancers, or other diseases

Struma ovarii

Extremely rare neoplasm of the ovary containing thyroid tissue

krukenberg tumor is a cancerous tumor of the ovary and usually mets from

GI cancer

gene that is related to errors in the replication process resulting in overexpression

HER2/neu

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Large cystic ovarian mass with thick-walled septations; may have internal debris-layering components

provides the most accurate tissue characterization regarding adnexal masses

MRI

dysgerminoma

Malignant tumor of the ovary arising from undifferentiated germ cells of the embryonic gonad; histologically identical to seminoma found in the testicle

Clear cell adenocarcinoma

Neoplasm involving the surface epithelium of the female reproductive organs (ovary), which involves cells with a clear appearance on microscopic examination

Yolk cell tumor/endodermal sinus tumor

Neoplasm originating in the germ cells (ovum)

Teratoma/Teratocarcinoma

Rare malignant form of a common germ cell tumor found in young adults; contains fat, bone, hair, skin, and/or teeth

Sex cord stromal tumors

Solid ovarian mass originating from the embryonic gonadal ridges and Sertoli cells

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Tumor marker for colon, stomach, breast, lung, some thyroid, and ovarian cancers

Endometrioid tumor

Tumor of the ovary containing epithelial or stromal elements resembling endometrial tissue; typically arises from endometriosis; a large percentage are malignant

Serous carcinoma

Type of epithelial ovarian cancer, which presents as a partially cystic mass with solid components

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Used as a tumor marker for carcinomas of embryonic origin

pseudomyxoma peritonei is defined as

accumulation of gelatinous material in the peritoneal cavity

EV u/s remains the diagnostic method of choice as a screening technique for

adnexal processes

if positive vaginal cytology is noted in association with ovarian cancer, it is most likely due to

antegrade spread

ascites associated with ovarian malignancy collects in the

cul-de-sac and paracolic gutters

ovarian malignancy is often associated with ascites, which first accumulates in the

dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity

stage 1 ovarian cancer

detection rate=25%; if early detection, cure rate is 90%

color doppler of malignant lesions frequently demonstrates

disorganized vascular patterns

effect of ovulation is known to cause increased inflammation and wound healing because of repeated trauma to the ovarian

epithelium

meigs syndrome

finding of pleural effusion, ascites, and an ovarian mass

characteristic of most epithelial cancers

form cystic masses with multiple septa

HER2/neu

gene that produces a protein that regulates normal cell growth found in breast and ovarian cancer cells; identification of this protein enables determination of treatment options

extended ovulatory activity, over 40 years, places women in what risk category for developing ovarian cancer

high risk

BRCA 1/BRCA 2

inherited gene mutation associated with a significant increase of breast and ovarian cancer risk

metastasis to the ovary

is common

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

large multilocular ovarian neoplasm with papillary projections

most unlikely risk factor for developing ovarian cancer

living in a developing country

nonneoplastic cystic foci of the ovary are commonly seen in ___ females and are difficult to differentiate from malignant lesions

menstruating

Epithelial ovarian cancer

neoplasm involving the surface epithelium of the ovary

Menopausal females using HRT will demonstrate

normal-sized ovaries

Endocrine studies

not directed at improving detection and outcome of ovarian cancer

benign processes, such as endometriosis, fibroids, and even pancreatitis, result in an increased CA125, as does

ovarian cancer

exploratory laparotomy remains the gold standard in visualization of adnexal malignancy; CT is helpful in staging

ovarian cancer

fallopian tube neoplasms are rare and frequently malignant and often confused with

ovarian malignancies

only symptom of ovarian cancer

pelvic pressure and bloating

effective method to investigate for ovarian cancer includes

pelvic u/s, physical examination, and tumor marker CA 125

ovarian cancer is mostly a disease of

peri- and postmenopausal women

ovarian cancer is the most common tumor responsible for

peritoneal malignancy in women

Imaging method that provides diagnostic value by presenting calcifications, sometimes in a curvilinear fashion, soft tissue masses, and patterns suggesting abdominal distention

plain film radiography

CA 125

protein found in tumor cells that results in an elevation of blood levels

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors

related to the sex-cord stromal tumors seen in the ovaries, mostly in young adults

ovarian metastatic masses are usually bilateral and more common on the

right side

epithelial ovarian cancers typically form cystic masses and

solid papillary growths

FALSE

studies show that women who use oral contraceptives are at the greatest risk for developing epithelial ovarian cancer

laparotomy

surgical incision in the abdomen usually performed to evaluate the organs

80% of ovarian malignancies originate from

the epithelium covering the ovaries

Large number of patients with ovarian malignancy presents with or develop

vaginal bleeding