oceanography soe 230 test 3 WSU
small organisms
For organisms with the same shape, what has the larger surface/volume ratio
thermal contraction, glacial advance, mid-ocean ridge activity
Name 3 ways that a eustatic drop in Sea Level can occur
mid-ocean ridge activity, melting of ice sheets, thermal expansion
Name the three main ways by which a eustatic rise in sea-level can occur?
geological uplifting of ocean basins
Recent worldwide sea level rise cannot be attributed to which of the following?
sea anemone
Which of the following digests the edible tissue inside a mussel shell by turning its stomach inside out and slipping it through the crack in the shell?
drowned beach
Which of the following features is characteristic of a submerging shoreline?
exposed marine terrace
Which of the following features is characteristic of an emerging shoreline?
carbon dioxide CO2
Which of the following human-generated gases makes the greatest relative contribution to increasing the greenhouse effect?
decreasing ocean acidity
Which of the following is not an effect of climate change in the oceans?
exosphere
Which of the following is not part of Earth's climate system?
animalia kingdom
Which of the following kingdoms contains the multicelled animals?
parasitism
................... is a symbiotic relationship between two participants in which one benefits at the expense of the other.
mutualism
................... is a symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit.
commensalism
................... is a symbiotic relationship in which one party benefits and the other is unaffected.
contain carbon in their chemical makeup
A good working definition of life does not need to incorporate that living things ____.
d. all of the above
A small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it ____. a. increases the ability to absorb nutrients b. increases the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism c. increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking d. all of the above
plankton
All organisms that drift with ocean currents are classified as ____.
benthos
All organisms that live on (or in) the ocean bottom are classified as ____.
poikilothermic
An organism such as a fish whose body temperature is nearly the same as the environment is referred to as:
infauna
An organism that lives lives in benthic sediments is classified as..........
epifauna
An organism that lives on top of benthic sediments is classified as..........
elevated temperatures
Coral bleaching often occurs in response to ..........
small
Does diffusion work more efficiently in small or large organisms.
there is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms
In primary production ....... A carbon dioxide is released into the water B oxygen is utilized by plants C oxygen utilized by animals is less than the oxygen consumed by autotrophs D proteins are made by animals E there is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms
gills
Most marine animals have specially designed fibrous respiratory organs called ............ that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly with seawater.
homeothermic
Organisms such as a mackerel sharks and tunas that can maintain a relatively constant body temperature are referred to as:
meiofauna
Organisms that live in the spaces between sediment particles are called .....
light-limited
Productivity in polar oceans is generally ...
nektonic
Squids, fish, sea turtles, and marine mammals are examples of ........... organisms
water vapor
The atmospheric component that naturally contributes to the majority of greenhouse warming on Earth is ..........
reflected
The color we see represents wavelengths of the visible electromagnetic spectrum that are
eating the coral polyps
The crown-of-thorns sea star destroys coral reefs by ..........
compensation depth
The depth at which the cellular respiration rate equals the photosynthetic rate is referred to as the ........... for photosynthesis
length of its siphon
The depth to which a bivalve can bury itself depends primarily on the .......
chlorophyll
The distribution of benthic biomass closely matches the distribution of .......... in surface waters.
100 meters
The euphotic zone in the OPEN ocean extends from the surface down to approximately.......
swim bladder
The internal organ that allows the fish to adapt to changes in pressure
loss of zooxanthellae
The loss of color (coral bleaching) in coral reef organisms can be a result of ..........
space
The most important limiting factor in rocky intertidal communities is ........
burrowing into the sediment
The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is......
nitrogen and phosphorus
The nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include ..........
photosynthesis
The process by which energy is derived from solar radiation that is used by certain organisms to form organic matter is called .........
mutualistic symbiosis
The relationship between the protistan zooxanthellae and the polyps of reef-building corals is best described as a/an ..........
euphotic
The zone that extends from the surface to a depth where enough light still exists to support photosynthesis is called the ...............zone.
aphotic
The zone that has no light is called the.................zone
eccentricity, obliquity and precession (all of the above)
Variations in Earth's orbit that influence long-term climate changes include...........
tropical
Water warm enough to support coral growth is found primarily in the .......... regions of the oceans.
pelagic
What accounts for the greatest biomass in the oceans, pelagic or benthic species?
benthic
What accounts for the greatest diversity of life in the oceans? Pelagic or benthic?
Availability of nutrients and availability of solar radiation
What are the two main factors affecting primary productivity
zooplankton
Which of the following types of plankton are heterotrophic, non-photosynthetic and must get their energy from consuming other organisms
phytoplankton
Which of the following types of plankton can photosynthesize and produce its own food?
because of the nutrient-rich water at depth it brings to the surface
Why do areas of upwelling typically have high primary productivity?
spray (supratidal) zone
above the spring high tide line; receives water only by sea spray
natural causes of climate change
changes in solar radiation variations in earth's orbit volcanic eruptions
salt marshes
coastal wetlands that are flooded and drained by salt water brought in by the tides
seaweed: holdfasts hold them in place but they do not provide nutrients, must obtain nutrients from water land plants: roots hold them in place and nourish them
how does seaweed differ from land plants
eukarya
in which domain do all marine mammals belong?
animalia
in which kingdom do all marine fishes belong
maximum sustainable yield
maximum level at which a natural resource can be routinely exploited without long-term depletion
osmosis
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high concentrated solutions
sea lions can sit sea lions have ear flaps seals can't move forward on land
name three differences between seals and sea lions
polyps
small benthic marine animals that feed with stinging tentacles and are related to jelly fish
climate
the conditions of Earth's atmosphere -- temperature, precipitation, and wind -- that prevail in a particular region over an extended time.
chemosynthesis
the manufacture of sugars (carbohydrates) by primary producers using chemical compounds (hydrogen sulfide) as energy source
reef
wave-resistant structures produced by corals and other organisms
carnivora sirenia cetacea
what are the three orders of marine mammals?
order carnivora
what taxonomic classification best characterizes the marine mammal -- walrus
order sirenia
what taxonomic classification best characterizes the marine mammal dugong
nekton
which of the following swims for its entire life?