Pharmacology drugs (final hesi) evolve

Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, has been prescribed for a client with hypertension. The client reports hearing that furosemide is more effective and requests a prescription change. How should the nurse respond?

"HCTZ has fewer side effects."

A client receiving chemotherapy for cancer develops sores in the mouth and asks the nurse why this happened. What is the nurse's bestresponse?

"The frequently dividing cells of the gastrointestinal tract are damaged by the drug."

A client with type 1 diabetes receives regular insulin every morning at 8:00 AM. During what period of time does the nurse recognize the risk of hypoglycemia is greatest?

10:00 AM to 1:00 PM

A client is rescued from a house fire and arrives at the emergency department 1 hour after the rescue. The client weighs 132 pounds (60 kilograms) and is burned over 35% of the body. The nurse expects that the amount of lactated Ringer solution that will be prescribed to be infused in the next 8 hours is what?

4200 mL

The person with which type of blood is known to be the universal recipient?

AB

What response will a nurse monitor for when assessing a client for side effects of long-term cortisone therapy?

Behavioral changes

A nurse is planning care for a client with cancer who is receiving the plant alkaloid vincristine. In contrast to the side effects of most chemotherapeutic agents, what is a common side effect of vincristine that the nurse must address in the client's care plan?

Constipation

A client is admitted with head trauma after a fall. The client is being prepared for a supratentorial craniotomy with burr holes, and an intravenous infusion of mannitol is instituted. The nurse concludes that this medication primarily is given to do what?

Decrease fluid in the brain

What should the nurse monitor when a client is receiving a platelet aggregation inhibitor such as clopidogrel?

Epistaxis

Which action should the nurse take first when a client's gravity flow IV rate is too slow?

Evaluate the appearance of the catheter insertion site

The nurse provides instructions about how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The nurse concludes that additional teaching is needed when the client demonstrates which technique?

Inhales rapidly with the lips sealed around the nebulizer opening

In addition to clients who are receiving insulin for type 1 diabetes, the nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia in clients who have which diagnosis?

Liver disease

A health care provider prescribes ranitidine for a client with heartburn. During a teaching session, which information will the nurse share with the client about how this drug works?

Ranitidine reduces gastric acidity in the stomach

Which medication requires the nurse to monitor the client for signs of hyperkalemia?

Spironolactone

A nurse in the surgical intensive care unit is caring for a client with a large surgical incision. The nurse reviews a list of vitamins and expects that which medication may be prescribed because of its major role in wound healing?

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

A nurse is teaching an older adult client about managing chronic pain with acetaminophen. Which client statement indicates that the teaching is effective?

"I have to be careful about which over-the-counter cold preparations I take when I have a cold."

A nurse evaluates that a client understands appropriately how to take the antacids prescribed by the primary health care provider when the client makes which statement?

"I will take this antacid 30 minutes after meals."

A client who has been taking ibuprofen for rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse if acetaminophen can be substituted instead. What is the appropriate nursing response?

"Ibuprofen has antiinflammatory properties and acetaminophen does not."

Which instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client with hyperlipidemia who is being discharged with a prescription for cholestyramine?

"Increase your intake of fiber and fluid."

A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes receives information about insulin. The client states, "I hate shots. Why can't I take the insulin in tablet form?" What is the nurse's best response?

"Insulin is poorly absorbed orally so it is not available in a tablet."

A client with diabetes experiences tremors, pallor, and diaphoresis. What should the nurse consider is a possible cause of these clinical manifestations?

Aerobic exercise

A client who has just started on a regimen of haloperidol is observed pacing and shifting weight from one foot to the other. What side effect does the nurse document in the client's chart?

Akathisia

A client who had a kidney transplant develops leukopenia 3 weeks after surgery. What does the nurse conclude is the most probable cause of the leukopenia?

Antirejection medications

The practitioner prescribes a regular diet, gait training, elastic stockings, and benztropine mesylate for a client. The client experiences orthostatic hypotension, a side effect of benztropine mesylate. What should the nurse anticipate as the priority nursing action?

Apply elastic stockings

A client with Hodgkin disease is to receive the cyclic antineoplastic vincristine as part of a therapy protocol. The client asks how this medication works. What mechanism of action does the nurse consider when responding to the client's question?

Arresting mitosis in metaphase

A terminally ill client in a hospice unit for several weeks is receiving a morphine drip. The dose is now above the typical recommended dosage. The client's spouse tells the nurse that the client is again uncomfortable and needs the morphine increased. The prescription states to titrate the morphine to comfort level. What should the nurse do?

Assess the client's pain before increasing the dose of morphine.

A client who has been experiencing double vision, drooping of the eyelids, and fatigue visits the neurologic clinic. A diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is made, and the healthcare provider prescribes pyridostigmine. The nurse should teach the client that it is important to take this drug based on what schedule?

At the exact time intervals prescribed

A client suspected of having myasthenia gravis is scheduled for an edrophonium chloride test. To treat a common complication associated with the test, the nurse will have what drug available?

Atropine

A client with malabsorption syndrome is admitted to the hospital for medical intervention. A subclavian catheter is inserted, and the client is started on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What should the nurse teach the client in order to prevent the most common complication of TPN?

Avoid disturbing the dressing or getting it wet.

When a client has gluteal edema, why should the nurse avoid using the gluteus maximus muscle for administration of intramuscular medications?

Blood supply is likely insufficient for adequate absorption.

A client in a hospice home care program is experiencing severe pain. Morphine has been prescribed for pain management. Which information should the nurse plan to explain to the client in preparation for this pain management regimen?

Dosages of the drug will be given automatically at regular intervals around the clock

A client is admitted to the emergency department with profuse vomiting. The client reports that the vomitus was bright red in color. What does the nurse identify as the priority intervention?

Draw blood for typing and crossmatching

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is prescribed for a client with cystitis. When teaching about the medication, what does the nurse instruct the client to do?

Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily

A client is scheduled to receive intravenous (IV) fluids to be delivered at 80 mL/hr. To adjust the drip rate when administering the IV via gravity, what must the nurse determine?

Drops per milliliter delivered by the infusion set

A client requires intravenous fluids postoperatively. The healthcare provider has prescribed D5W to infuse at 125 mL/hr. To deliver the solution at the correct drip rate, what must the nurse calculate first?

Drops per milliliter delivered by the infusion set

A nurse is administering erythropoietin three times a week to a client receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Which client response is considered most significant?

Elevated hematocrit level

A healthcare provider prescribes selegiline 5 mg twice a day for a client with a diagnosis of Parkinson disease. What is most important for the nurse to teach the client?

Ensure that an opioid is not taken currently

A healthcare provider prescribes simvastatin 20 mg daily for elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels for a female client. Which is most important for the nurse to teach when the client initially takes the medication?

Inform the healthcare provider if the client wishes to become pregnant.

After surgery for cancer, a client is to receive chemotherapy. When teaching the client about the side effects of chemotherapy, what advice should the nurse share about alopecia characteristics?

Not permanent

A healthcare provider prescribes ampicillin for a client with an infection. What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan about this medication?

Notify the healthcare provider if diarrhea develops.

A nurse recalls that the shift of body fluids associated with the intravenous administration of albumin occurs by which process?

Osmosis

After administering a loop diuretic, a nurse monitors the client for increased urine output. What principle explains the secondary water loss (diuresis) of a loop diuretic?

Osmosis

What should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of carbamazepine in the management of a client's trigeminal neuralgia?

Pain intensity

A client steps on a rusty nail, and the puncture site becomes swollen and painful. Tetanus immune globulin is prescribed. What does the nurse identify as an action of this drug?

Provides antibodies

A nurse provides instruction when the beta-blocker atenolol is prescribed for a client with moderate hypertension. What action identified by the client indicates to the nurse that the client needs further teaching?

Take the medication before going to bed.

What potentially dangerous adverse effect of an intravenous titrated drip of lidocaine should the nurse immediately report to the healthcare provider?

Tremors

The healthcare provider prescribes an intravenous medication for a client who has been admitted for a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. When preparing to initiate an intravenous line, the nurse applies the tourniquet to select the site. When should the nurse release the tourniquet?

When the needle enters the vein

A client is taking lithium sodium. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider for which laboratory value?

White blood cell (WBC) count of 15,000 mm3 (15 X 109/L)

A client has an anaphylactic reaction after receiving intravenous penicillin. What does the nurse conclude is the cause of this reaction?

Antibodies to penicillin developed after a previous exposure.

A nurse gave a client the prescribed sodium polystyrene sulfonate. What assessment finding indicates that the drug has been effective?

A decrease in serum potassium level

A nurse is giving an educational program to paramedics who have volunteered to give the smallpox vaccine in a community vaccination drive. Which type of needle and method of administration should the nurse teach the volunteers to use when administering the smallpox vaccine?

Bifurcated needle for 15 injections within 5 mm

A client is started on tetracycline antibiotic therapy. What should the nurse do when administering this drug?

Give the medication an hour before milk products are ingested.

A healthcare provider prescribes transdermal fentanyl 25 mcg/hr every 72 hours. During the first 24 hours after starting the fentanyl, what is the most important nursing intervention?

Manage pain with oral pain medication.

A nurse administers carbidopa-levodopa to a client with Parkinson disease. Which therapeutic effect does the nurse expect the medication to produce?

Replacement of a neurotransmitter in the brain

A health care provider prescribes cholestyramine, an anion exchange resin, to treat a client's persistent diarrhea. What vitamin does the nurse anticipate may become deficient because cholestyramine reduces the absorption of fat?

Retinol (Vitamin A)

The nurse is caring for a client with wound dressings to the burns on 55% of the body. The dressing changes are very painful, and the client rates them 7/10 on the pain scale. The client has morphine 2 mg to be administered by mouth every 2 hours as needed. When planning the client's care, when does the nurse decide to administer the medication?

60 minutes before the dressing change

A client with a long history of alcohol abuse develops acute pancreatitis. What should be done to best prevent stimulation of the pancreas?

Administer the histamine H2-receptor antagonist as prescribed.

A nurse explains to a client with trigeminal neuralgia that a treatment is effective on a temporary (6 to 18 months) basis. The nurse is referring to which treatment?

An alcohol injection of the peripheral branch of the fifth cranial nerve

A client is scheduled for discharge following surgery. The medical record indicates that the client has not had a bowel movement since before surgery, which was 4 days ago. During the hospital stay, the client received a stool softener daily and an oral laxative the day before discharge. Which one of the prescribed medications should the nurse administer to ensure a bowel movement prior to discharge?

Bisacodyl 10-mg suppository

A client had surgery for a ruptured appendix. Postoperatively, the health care provider prescribes an antibiotic to be administered intravenously twice a day. The nurse administers the prescribed antibiotic via a secondary line into the primary infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride. During the administration of the antibiotic, the client becomes restless and flushed, and begins to wheeze. What should the nurse do after stopping the antibiotic infusion?

Assess the client's respiratory status

The results of a biopsy indicate that a client has a malignant sarcoma of the liver, and chemotherapy via regional perfusion is the treatment of choice. What reason does the nurse provide to explain to the client why this method of drug administration probably was selected?

Larger doses of drugs can be delivered to the actual site of the tumor.

A client with myasthenia gravis improves and is discharged from the hospital. The discharge medications include pyridostigmine bromide 10 mg every 6 hours. The nurse evaluates that the drug regimen is understood when the client makes which statement?

"I need to set an alarm so I take the medication on time."

The nurse provides discharge medication education to a client who has been switched from a prescription for heparin to a prescription for warfarin sodium. Which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching was effective?

"I will avoid taking aspirin and NSAIDs."

Which statement regarding treatment with interferon indicates that the client understands the nurse's teaching?

"I will drink 2 to 3 quarts (2 to 3 liters) of fluid a day."

A client states, "I keep my insulin in the refrigerator because that is where my parents kept it." What reason should the nurse include when explaining that insulin should be stored at room temperature?

Absorption is enhanced and local irritation is decreased.

A client who is receiving phenytoin asks why folic acid (Folate) was prescribed. What is the best explanation by the nurse?

Absorption of folate from foods is inhibited.

Which drug does a nurse anticipate may be prescribed to produce diuresis and inhibit formation of aqueous humor for a client with glaucoma?

Acetazolamide

The healthcare provider prescribes enoxaparin to be administered subcutaneously daily to a client who had a total knee replacement. To ensure client safety, which measure would the nurse take when administering this medication?

Administer in the abdomen area only

What should the nurse include in the discharge instructions for a client who will be receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at home?

Administering the TPN while working around the client's normal activities

The nurse administers 2 units of salt-poor albumin to a client with portal hypertension and ascites. What does the nurse explain to the client regarding the purpose of the albumin?

Albumin elevates the circulating blood volume.

A client is admitted with 50% of the body surface area burned after an industrial explosion and fire. The client's serum albumin is 1.5 g/dL (150 mg/dL), the hematocrit is 30%, the urine specific gravity is 1.025, and the serum globulin is 3 g/dL (300 mg/dL). When evaluating the client's response to fluid replacement, what determines when the nurse should prepare to administer a colloid?

Albumin is below 2 g/dL (200 mg/dL)

An older adult with cerebral arteriosclerosis is admitted with atrial fibrillation and is started on a continuous heparin infusion. What clinical finding enables the nurse to conclude that the anticoagulant therapy is effective?

An activated partial thromboplastin twice the usual value

After an acute episode of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, a client is diagnosed with a gastric ulcer. The client receives a prescription for ranitidine 150 mg twice a day. What concern prompts the nurse to contact the health care provider about the prescription?

An administration route is not specified.

A client is considered to be in septic shock when what changes are assessed in the client's labwork?

An increased serum lactate level

A client being treated for hypertension reports having a persistent hacking cough. What class of antihypertensive should the nurse identify as a possible cause of this response when reviewing a list of this client's medications?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A client with an intractable infection is receiving vancomycin. Which laboratory blood test result should the nurse report?

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 30 mg/dL (10.2 mmol/L)

Twenty minutes after the start of an intravenous (IV) vancomycin infusion, the client appears flushed and complains of palpitations. What action should the nurse take?

Contact the primary healthcare provider to obtain a prescription to decrease the infusion rate.

A nurse teaches a client about Coumadin and concludes that the teaching is effective when the client agrees not to drink which juice?

Cranberry juice

A nurse administers beclomethasone by inhalation to a client with asthma, and the client asks why this medication is necessary. What should the nurse explain is the purpose of this pharmacologic therapy?

Decreases inflammation

A health care provider prescribes famotidine for a client with dyspepsia. What is important to include about this medication in a teaching program for this client?

Decreases secretions in the stomach

Warfarin is prescribed for a client who has been receiving intravenous (IV) heparin for a partial occlusion of the left common carotid artery. The client expresses concern about why both drugs are needed at the same time. What rationale does the nurse include to address the client's concern?

Heparin provides anticoagulant effects until warfarin reaches therapeutic levels.

A client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is to receive pentamidine isethionate intravenously (IV) once daily. The nurse should monitor the client for what adverse effect?

Hypoglycemia

At 4:30 pm, a client who is receiving NPH insulin every morning states, "I feel very nervous." The nurse observes that the client's skin is moist and cool. What is the nurse's most accurate interpretation of what the client is likely experiencing?

Hypoglycemia

A client with type 1 diabetes tells the nurse, "I take guaifenesin cough syrup when I have a cold." What important instruction does the nurse include in client teaching about this medication?

Include the glucose in the cough syrup when calculating daily carbohydrate allowance.

The healthcare provider prescribes cisplatin for a client with metastatic cancer. What will the nurse do to prevent toxic effects?

Increase hydration to promote diuresis.

After being hospitalized for a transient ischemic attack (TIA) related to hypertension, a client is discharged with a prescription of hydrochlorothiazide. What should the nurse instruct the client to do when taking this medication?

Increase the intake of potassium-rich foods.

A nurse is instructing a group of volunteer nurses on the technique of administering the smallpox vaccine. What injection method should the nurse teach?

Intradermal scratch

When discussing the therapeutic regimen of vitamin B12 for pernicious anemia with a client, what teaching does the nurse provide?

Intramuscular injections once a month will maintain control.

A blood donor whose blood type is O negative is known as a "universal donor." What does the nurse consider about O negative blood that accounts for this classification?

It does not have any of the antigens that can cause a reaction.

The client is prescribed potassium iodide solution prior to surgery for a subtotal thyroidectomy. What explanation should the nurse give as to why this medication should be taken?

It will reduce the risk of hemorrhage during surgery

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intermittent intravenous piggyback doses of vancomycin every 12 hours. The primary healthcare provider prescribes trough levels of the antibiotic. The nurse schedules the blood sample to be obtained at what time?

Just before the medication is administered

A healthcare provider prescribes phenobarbital sodium for a client who had a tonic-clonic seizure. The nurse assesses the client's knowledge after teaching about the adverse effects of this drug. What responses should the client identify as a reason for calling the healthcare provider?

Loss of appetite or persistent fatigue

A health care provider prescribes daily docusate sodium for a client. The nurse explains to the client that this drug has what action?

Lowers the surface tension of feces

A client has an excision of a thrombosed external hemorrhoid. What should the nurse teach the client to use when cleaning the anus after a bowel movement?

Medicated pads (Tucks)

The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing side effects from high doses of methotrexate. Leucovorin calcium is prescribed and is to be administered immediately after the infusion of methotrexate. What is the best indicator that leucovorin calcium is effective?

Methotrexate level less than 0.05 micromole

A healthcare provider prescribes enalapril for a client. Which is the most important nursing action?

Monitor the client's blood pressure during therapy

A client with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism is treated with propylthiouracil, an antithyroid drug, along with potassium iodide. What should the nurse take into consideration when caring for the client?

Monitoring for signs of infection or bleeding is necessary.

Which medication does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed to relieve anxiety and apprehension in a client with pulmonary edema?

Morphine

The nurse is caring for a client hospitalized with a myocardial infarction. Which analgesic is the drug of choice for this client?

Morphine sulfate

A client, admitted to the cardiac care unit with a myocardial infarction, complains of chest pain. What intervention will be most effective in relieving the client's pain?

Morphine sulfate 2 mg intravenously (IV)

The health care provider prescribes propylthiouracil (PTU) for a client with the diagnosis of Graves' disease. What should the nurse teach the client when discussing the self-administration of this medication?

Observe for signs of infection

Warfarin is prescribed for the client who takes phenytoin for a seizure disorder. Why must the nurse observe the client closely during the initial days of treatment with warfarin?

Phenytoin decreases warfarin's anticoagulant effect.

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through a central venous access device. What important nursing intervention should be included?

Placing the client in the supine position before changing the tubing

A nurse administers sodium polystyrene sulfonate to a client with chronic renal failure. Which finding provides evidence that the intervention is effective?

Potassium decreases to 4.2 mEq/L (4.2 mmol/L)

The healthcare provider prescribes finasteride for a client with benign prostatic hyperplasia. What information does the nurse provide to the client?

Protection should be worn during intercourse with a pregnant female.

Before a cholecystectomy, vitamin K is prescribed. The nurse recognizes that this is ordered because vitamin K contributes to the formation of which substance?

Prothrombin

A client tells the nurse during the admission history that an oral hypoglycemic agent is taken daily. For which condition does the nurse conclude that an oral hypoglycemic agent may be prescribed by the health care provider?

Reduced insulin production

Neomycin is prescribed for a client with cirrhosis. What should the nurse explain is the reason for taking this medication?

Reduces the blood ammonia level

A client is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which insulin should the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe?

Regular insulin

A client who is hospitalized after a myocardial infarction asks the nurse why morphine was prescribed. What will the nurse include in the reply?

Relieves pain and reduces cardiac oxygen demand

A nurse is preparing to teach a client to apply a nitroglycerin patch as prophylaxis for angina. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

Remove a previous patch before applying the next one.

A nurse administers the prescribed regular insulin to a client in diabetic ketoacidosis. In addition, an intravenous (IV) solution with potassium is prescribed even though the serum potassium level is within normal limits. What does the nurse recognize as the reason for potassium administration?

Serum potassium levels will decrease as potassium ions shift from the extracellular fluid to the intracellular fluid compartment

A client with heart failure is to receive digoxin and asks the nurse why the medication is necessary. What physiologic response will the nurse include when answering the client's question?

Slows and strengthens cardiac contractions

After surgery a client develops a deep vein thrombosis and a pulmonary embolus. Heparin via a continuous drip is prescribed. Several hours later, vancomycin intravenously every 12 hours is prescribed. The client has one intravenous (IV) site: a peripheral line in the left forearm. What action should the nurse take?

Start another IV line for the vancomycin and continue the heparin as prescribed.

A client is scheduled for a craniotomy to remove a brain tumor. To prevent the development of cerebral edema after surgery, the nurse anticipates the use of drugs from which class?

Steroids

A nurse is caring for a client with pulmonary tuberculosis who is to receive several antitubercular medications. Which of the first-line antitubercular medications is associated with damage to the eighth cranial nerve?

Streptomycin

A nurse is administering a histamine H2 antagonist to a client who has extensive burns. The nurse explains to the client that this drug is given prophylactically during the first few weeks after extensive burns. What complication of burns will it prevent?

Stress ulcer

Potassium chloride effervescent tablets are prescribed for a client who is to be discharged from the emergency department. What information should the nurse include when teaching the client about this medication?

Take the medication with food.

A client with gastric ulcer disease asks the nurse why the health care provider has prescribed metronidazole. What purpose does the nurse provide?

To treat Helicobacter pylori infection

A nurse is administering an intradermal skin test injection to a client. What is the next action the nurse needs to do after the medication has been injected?

Withdraw the needle and place a piece of gauze over the injection site.

Ampicillin 250 mg by mouth every 6 hours is prescribed for a client who is to be discharged. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client understands the teaching about ampicillin?

"The medicine should be taken one hour before or two hours after meals."

A client is prescribed metformin extended release to control type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which statement made by this client indicates the need for further education?

"I will stop taking metformin for 24 hours before and after having a test involving dye."

A client is prescribed epoetin injections. To ensure the client's safety, which lab value should the nurse assess before administration?

Hemoglobin

A client is receiving metoprolol. Which side effect should the nurse teach the client to expect?

Dizziness with strenuous activity

A client with tuberculosis asks the nurse why vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is given with isoniazid. What explanation should the nurse provide?

"Isoniazid interferes with the synthesis of this vitamin."

The nurse provides medication discharge instructions to a client who received a prescription for digoxin following the client's myocardial infarction. Which statement by the client leads the nurse to conclude that the teaching was effective?

"It will be important to check my radial pulse rate daily."

When a client exhibits severe bradycardia, which type of drug should the nurse be prepared to administer?

Anticholinergic

A client with Hodgkin disease enters a remission period and remains symptom free for 6 months before a relapse occurs. The client is diagnosed at stage IV. What therapy option does the nurse expect to be implemented?

Combination chemotherapy

Amlodipine is prescribed for a client with hypertension. Which response to the medication should the nurse instruct the client to report to the healthcare provider?

Difficulty breathing

One week after being hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction, a client reports loss of appetite and feeling nauseated. Which of the client's prescribed medications should be withheld and the healthcare provider notified?

Digoxin

A client is receiving furosemide. For which sign of hypokalemia should the nurse monitor the client?

Flabby muscles

After the nurse provides education about hydrochlorothiazide, the client will agree to notify the healthcare provider regarding the development of which symptom?

Generalized weakness

Famotidine (Pepcid) is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer disease. The client asks the nurse what this medication does. Which action does the nurse mention when replying?

Inhibits gastric acid secretion

When administering albumin intravenously, what fluid shifts does the nurse anticipate?

Interstitial compartment to the intravascular compartment

A client is diagnosed with tuberculosis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. What crucial laboratory test results should the nurse review before antitubercular pharmacotherapy is started?

Liver function studies

An intravenous solution containing potassium inadvertently has infused too rapidly. The healthcare provider prescribes insulin added to a 10% dextrose in water solution. What does the nurse identify as the purpose of the insulin?

Potassium follows insulin and glucose into the cells of the body, thereby raising the intracellular potassium level.

A Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) solution is prescribed to infuse one liter every 12 hours for a malnourished client. What is most important for the nurse to monitor?

Serum glucose levels

Ten minutes after the initiation of a blood transfusion, a client reports lumbar pain. What is the next nursing action?

Stop the transfusion.

When obtaining a health history, the nurse is informed that a client has been taking digoxin. What therapeutic effect of digoxin does the nurse expect?

Increased contractile force of the myocardium