Physics Chapter 1

Why is force a vector quantity? A force is measured in pounds, and pounds are a vector quantity. A force has a magnitude, but not a direction. A force is a scalar quantity. A force has a magnitude and a direction.

A force has a magnitude and a direction.

Can force be expressed in units of pounds and newtons? Force must be measured in newtons; it can never be measured in pounds. Force must first be measured in newtons, then converted to pounds. Force can be expressed in newtons or pounds. Force must be measured in pounds and then converted to newtons.

Force can be expressed in newtons or pounds.

What class of motion did Aristotle attribute to the Moon and the Earth? Continuous Natural Violent At rest

Natural

How much force is required to keep a moving hockey puck in motion on a perfectly frictionless surface? The force should be applied in the opposite direction to the movement of the puck. The force should be applied in the direction of movement of the puck. No force is required for continued motion.

No force is required for continued motion.

Which of these is the most basic science? Chemistry Biology Astronomy Physics

Physics

Clearly distinguish between science and technology. Technology can be helpful or harmful, while science is only helpful. Science is applied technology. Technology solves problems, whereas science creates them. Science gathers the knowledge that technology uses for practical purposes.

Science gathers the knowledge that technology uses for practical purposes.

When you stand at rest on a bathroom scale, how does your weight compare with the support force from the scale? The support force from the scale is half your weight. Your weight is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the support force from the scale. The support force from the scale is twice your weight. Your weight is equal in magnitude and in the same direction as the support force from the scale.

Your weight is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the support force from the scale.

What is the net force when a pair of 5-N forces simultaneously act in the same direction on an object? 10 N 0 N 7.5 N 5 N

10 N

A 12-NN book is at rest on a flat table. How many newtons of support force does the table provide? 12 newtons down 12 newtons up 24 newtons up 0 newtons

12 newtons up

Why is physics considered to be the basic science? As physicist Paul Tipler says about sciences other than physics, "What other sciences?" Because all other sciences can be shown to be derived from it. Physics is about how atoms combine to form molecules. Physics involves matter that is alive.

Because all other sciences can be shown to be derived from it.

What are steps of the scientific method. Hypothesis, predictions, and experimental findings. Reasoning and derivation from axioms. Assembling and organizing facts and checking them against dogma. Using Occam's razor to eliminate excess facts.

Hypothesis, predictions, and experimental findings.

What are the different forms that humanity's search for order and meaning has taken? Science, religion and art Religion, art, and politics Art and science Religion and science

Science, religion, and art

What is the net force on a bag pulled down by gravity with 18 NN and pulled upward by a rope with 18 NN? The net force is 36 newtons. The net force is zero newtons. The net force is 25 newtons. The net force is 18 newtons.

The net force is zero newtons.

Technology is a tool for ______. solving social problems applying scientific discoveries extending truth making the measurements of science

applying scientific discoveries

Pseudoscience is understood as the method of objectively testing alternate hypotheses for wrongness claims that are presented as scientific but do not meet scientific standards fake science a valid science.

claims that are presented as scientific but do not meet scientific standards

What is the test for whether a hypothesis is scientific or not? A hypothesis is scientific if it is possible to prove it right. A hypothesis is scientific if it is possible to prove it wrong. A hypothesis is scientific if the appropriate scientific body says it is. A hypothesis is scientific if it can be written as an equation.

A hypothesis is scientific if it is possible to prove it wrong.

Briefly, what is science? Science describes the order in nature and the causes of that order. Science is a way of knowing about the world and making sense of it. Science creates testable laws and theories. All of the above.

All of the above.

Must people choose between science and religion? No, there is no contradiction in being scientific and religious in one's thinking. Yes, religion and science are completely antithetical. No, scientific and religious beliefs are incompatible. No, religion and science are essentially the same.

No, there is no contradiction in being scientific and religious in one's thinking.

What is the net force on a cart that is pulled to the right with 100 pounds of force and to the left with 30 pounds of force? The net force is zero. The net force is 70 pounds to the left. The net force is 130 pounds. The net force is 70 pounds to the right.

The net force is 70 pounds to the right.

State the equilibrium rule for forces in symbolic notation ΣF = net force ΣF = 0 ΣF = -mg ΣF = 2 mg

ΣF = 0

Which of the following are scientific hypotheses? Earth rotates about its axis because living things need an alternation of light and darkness. Chlorophyll makes grass green. Tides are caused by the Moon.

Chlorophyll makes grass green. Tides are caused by the Moon.

What is the role of equations in this book? Equations are for plug-and-chug calculations. Equations are guides to thinking and show connections between concepts. Equations are interesting side notes about scientific concepts. Equations will be derived to make you understand science.

Equations are guides to thinking and show connections between concepts.

Why are students of the arts encouraged to learn about science and science students encouraged to learn about the arts? Knowing both the arts and sciences makes for a wholeness in the way we view the world. Scientists need to learn to draw and artists need to learn how to solve equations. Scientists need to learn how to write and writers need to learn what is impossible to do according to science. Scientists need to relax by viewing art and artists need the discipline of learning science.

Knowing both the arts and sciences makes for a wholeness in the way we view the world.

How does Newton's first law of motion relate to Galileo's concept of inertia? Newton refined Galileo's concept of inertia and made it his first law of motion. Newton replaced Galileo's concept of inertia with his three laws of motion. Newton expressed Galileo's concept of inertia with the inertia equation. Newton's first law of motion refuted Galileo's concept of inertia.

Newton refined Galileo's concept of inertia and made it his first law of motion.

Psychological comfort is a benefit of having solid answers to religious questions. What benefit accompanies a position of not knowing the answers? Not knowing the answers means we can develop a better knowledge filter than science to address them. Not knowing answers opens up a lifetime of philosophical discussion. If you don't know the answers, then you can make up answers and write science fiction. Not knowing answers opens the mind to a lifetime of exploring.

Not knowing answers opens the mind to a lifetime of exploring.

When the Sun was directly overhead in Syene, why wasn't it directly overhead in Alexandria? The Earth is a sphere. Syene is in a different time zone than Alexandria. Gravity bends light. The Sun is a sphere.

The Earth is a sphere

What is the net force on an object that is pulled with 80 NN to the right and 80 NN to the left? The net force is 160 newtons to the right. The net force is 113 newtons downward. The net force is zero newtons. The net force is 113 newtons upward.

The net force is zero newtons.

What is the resultant of a pair of 1-NN forces at right angles to each other? The resultant is a force of 1.41 newtons in a direction bisecting the angle between the two vectors. The resultant is zero force. The resultant is a force of 2.0 newtons in a direction bisecting the angle between the two vectors. The resultant is a force of 1.0 newton in a direction bisecting the angle between the two vectors.

The resultant is a force of 1.41 newtons in a direction bisecting the angle between the two vectors.

If the car you are riding comes to a sudden stop, your body moves forward. What is the cause of this motion? The force of the car on my body. There is no force, your body just continues its motion. The gravitational force. The force of inertia.

There is no force, your body just continues its motion.

In daily life, we see many cases of people who are caught misrepresenting things and who soon thereafter are excused and accepted by their contemporaries. How is this different in science? A scientist who makes a mistake is never allowed to be a scientist again. A scientist who proposes a hypothesis that is eventually disproven is never allowed to be a scientist again. A scientist who lies in a scientific publication will suffer professional excommunication. A scientist who disagrees with current theory is never allowed to be a scientist again.

A scientist who lies in a scientific publication will suffer professional excommunication.

What type of path does a moving object follow in the absence of a force? It follows a circular path in the absence of a force. It moves in a straight line and eventually slows to a stop. It continues to move in a straight line at a constant speed. It follows a parabolic trajectory in the absence of a force.

It continues to move in a straight line at a constant speed.

What did Galileo discover about moving bodies and force in his experiments with inclined planes? Bodies rolling up an inclined plane sped up. Bodies rolling down an inclined plane slowed down. In the absence of a retarding force, a body will keep moving at a constant speed in a straight line forever. Bodies rolling down a steep inclined plane starting at a given height rolled up a gently inclined plane to a higher height.

In the absence of a retarding force, a body will keep moving at a constant speed in a straight line forever.

What relationship between the Sun and Earth did Copernicus formulate? The Sun revolved in a circle about the Earth. The Earth revolved in a circle about the Sun. The Earth was at rest with respect to the Sun. The Sun and the Earth revolve in circles around each other.

The Earth revolved in a circle about the Sun.

Why did Aristarchus choose the time of a half Moon to make his measurements for calculating the Earth -Sun distance? The Earth, Moon, and Sun formed a straight line at that time. The Earth, Moon, and Sun formed an obtuse triangle at that time. The Earth, Moon, and Sun formed an acute triangle at that time. The Earth, Moon, and Sun formed a right triangle at that time

The Earth, Moon, and Sun formed a right triangle at that time

How does the Moon's diameter compare with the distance between Earth and the Moon? The Moon's diameter is 1/3.5 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. The Moon's diameter is equal to the distance between Earth and the Moon. The Moon's diameter is 1/2.5 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. The Moon's diameter is 1/110 the distance between Earth and the Moon.

The Moon's diameter is 1/110 the distance between Earth and the Moon.

In daily life, people are often praised for maintaining some particular point of view, for the "courage of their convictions." A change of mind is seen as a sign of weakness. How is this different in science? When a famous scientist restates a law, then the old law must be abandoned. Once a scientific law is discovered, it never changes, so you must change your mind to believe it. When a scientist finds evidence that contradicts a law, then the law must be abandoned. Scientific laws are decided to be true by majority vote.

When a scientist finds evidence that contradicts a law, then the law must be abandoned.

What did Galileo discover in his legendary experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa? Galileo found that a heavier stone falls significantly faster than a lighter one. Galileo found that air resistance significantly slowed falling stones. Galileo found that a heavier stone does not fall significantly faster than a lighter one. Galileo found that stones fall faster proportional to their weight.

Galileo found that a heavier stone does not fall significantly faster than a lighter one.

Is inertia the reason for moving objects maintaining motion, or is it the name given to this property? Inertia is the name for the property of matter. Inertia is the reason for moving objects maintaining motion. None of these answers are correct.

Inertia is the name for the property of matter.

What test can you perform to increase the chance in your own mind that you are right about a particular idea? Read up on the validity of the axioms you assumed when you crafted your idea. See if you can state the objections of your opponents to their satisfaction. Write a clear explanation of your idea and share it with everyone to gather objections. Write down your own idea as an equation.

See if you can state the objections of your opponents to their satisfaction.