pysch final exam quiz Qs

________ is an attempt by a person or group to change our opinions, beliefs, or choices by explaining or arguing their position

Persuasion

Schemas of how people are likely to behave based simply on the groups to which they belong are known as:

sterotypes

Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least...

2 weeks

A brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors, the __________, seems especially likely to be hyperactive in those with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Anterior cigulate cortex

Social psychologists define _______ as a person's favorable or unfavorable feelings, beliefs, or actions toward an object, idea, or person.

Attitudes

Afzal knows every detail of each player on his state's baseball team. This displays the _______ component of his attitude.

Cognitive

_________ therapy entails restructuring thoughts, loosening the client's belief in irrational thoughts that may perpetuate the disorder, and offering incentives for acquiring more adaptive thoguht and behavior patterns.

Cognitive-behavioral

Many clinicians diagnose disorders by using the detailed diagnostic criteria in the...

DSM-5

Which of the following is a psychological disorder in which a person develops at least 2 distinct personalities, each with a unique set of meomries, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions?

Dissociative identify disorder

Which of the following is the most important function of the presence of others in group therapy?

It shows perticipants that they are not alone in their ecperience

Which of the following instances is an example of discrimination?

Melvin does not hire women as he feels their place is in the kitchen

Which of the following involves a set of intrusive and persistent cognitive, emotional, and physiological symptoms triggered by exposure to a catatrophic or horrifying event?

Post-traumatic stress disorder

________ therapy is the original form of "talk therapy" and is oriented toward major personality change with a focus on uncovering unconscious motives, especially through dream interpretation.

Psychoanalytic

Which is the following is true about sterotypes?

They allow for quick, but often inaccurate, impressions

In the process of ______, the client unconsciously reacts to someone in a current relationship as though that person were someone from the client's past.

Transference

Which of the following statements about cognitive dissonance is true?

When people experience cognitive dissonance, they go to extreme lengths to reduce it

________ is characterized by an overwhelming sense of impending doom, heart palpitations, trembling, sweating, shortness of breath, dizziness, intense dread, nausea, and even a fear of dying.

a panic attack

Deviant behavior can be classified as disrdered only if it is:

also dysfunctional

According to the lecture, research showed that people with __________ fall far below normal in frontal lobe functions such as planning and impulse control.

antisocial personality disorder

An ______ is the process by which two pieces of information from the environment are repeatedly linked, so that we begin to connect them in our minds.

association

Critics of ________ have expressed a concern that appropriate patient behaviors will disappear following the discontinuation of a token economy.

behavioral therapy

__________ disorder is a mood disorder characterized by substanial mood fluctuations, cycling between very low and very high moods.

bipolar

According to research on the Implict Association Test (IAT) on implict bias, European American college students typically found it harder (more slowly) to pair...

black faces and pleasant words

A basketbal game ends with a score of 155-13. The fans who paid to see the game say it was exciting, but those who got in free say it was boring. What psychological principle is probably responsible for the difference in reactions?

cognitive dissonance

An experimenter pays you $1 to tell someone else that a particular monotomous, boring task was really interesting. This procedure will probably generate...

cognitive dissonance

The behavior that an organism learns to perform when presented with a conditioned stimulus is termed as a(n) _________.

conditioned response

Maria buys pink and green shoes because everyone in her school wears shoes of the same colors. Maria's behavior is an example of ______.

conformity

_______ occurs when people adjust their behavior to what others are doing or to adhere to cultural norms

conformity

If individuals expect someone labeledas mentally ill to be hostile, they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hosility. This illustrates that labels can...

create preconceptions that bias our perception of the person

The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of...

diagnostic labels

What does the "central" route to persuasion emphasize?

facts and logic

Which of the following symptoms best describes the source of agoraphobia?

fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult

Jose's colleagues have nicknamed him "worrywart" because he is usually apprehensive about trivial things. Thus, he has difficulty concentrating and is always restless. The given information indicates that Jose is most likely to have:

generalized anxiety disorder

An approach to personality that claims people are essentially good and possess the desire to realize their full potential is known as the ______.

humanistic approach

Which of the following is true about obedience?

it occurs when a person yeilds to the will of another person

By pairing a flashing light with a loud noise, a researcher has taught a rat to exhibit a fear response to the light, when the light is flashed amidst darkness. What is the unconditioned stimulus in this study?

loud noise

Feelings of worthlessness are most likely to be associated with

major depressive disorder

A _________ is one mood cycle in bipolar disorder, typically involving increased energy, sleeplessness,euphoria, irritability, delusions of grandeur, increased sex drive, and "racing" thoughts that last at least 1 week.

manic episode

The beeper sounds in your car until you fasten your seat belt. The removal of the annoying beeping is _______ for fastening the seat belt. a. positive reinforcement b. forward conditioning c. negative reinforcement d. backward conditioning

negative reinforcement

_______ is the type of conformity that occurs when people go along with the behavior of others in order to be accepted by the group.

normative social influence

Five-year old Hannah learns how to operate the TV remote by watching her mother use it. This is an example of ________.

observational learning

Whenever Julia gets ready for school on time, she gets a chocolate from her mother. Hence, Julia always tries to get ready on time. This is an example of ______ type of learning.

operant conditioning

Which is the following statements best describes the concept of operant conditioning?

organisms learn from the consequences of their behavior

Dolareen suffers from a specific phobia of dogs. Her terapist is treating her with systematic desensitization, which means that the therapist is __________.

pairing relaxation with gradual exposure to dogs

Identify the major symptom of generalized anxiety disorder.

pervasive tendency to worry

Which of the following is true about prejudice?

prejudicial thinking often stems from sterotypes rather than from careful observation of people's behavior

Psychologist Stanley Milgram's experiments show that...

reasonable people may do things that seem cruel and unusual in the presence of powerful social influence

a conditioning perspective (associative learning) would emphasize that ________ leads those with anxiety disorders develop and maintain a phobia.

reinforcement

Derrick's mother gave him $10 because he got an 'A' on his math test. He studies hard for his next math test because he wants his mother to give him another $10. In this scenario, the money is serving as a(n) ___________. a. unconditioned stimulus b. conditioned response c. punishment d. reinforcer

reinforcer

Mr. Kalish, a long-term goverment employee, falsely believed that his supervisor was a communist agent who was putting poison in the employees' coffee. When Mr. Kalish was referred to a psychiatrist, he claimed to be the grandson of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Kalish is most likely suffering from...

schizophrenia

Which of the following major psychological disorder is characterized by distorted thoughts and perceptions, odd communication, inappropiate emotion, and other unusual behaviors?

schizophrenia

_______ disorder is marked by a pronounced fear of humiliation in the presence of others and severe self-consciousness about one's appearance of behavior or both.

social anxiety

Priming people with a flashed Black face rather than a flashed White face makes them more likely to misperceive a flashed tool as a gun. This best illustrates the subtle character of:

sterotyping

Geri, who is schizophrenic, experiences a cluster of adverse side effects from taking antipsychotics. Her symptoms include involuntary facial movments and body tremors. Geri is most likely to have developed a condition called _______.

tardive dyskinesia

Two groups of boys at a summer camp at Robber's Cave, Oklahoma, each developed prejudice and hostility toward members of the other group. The hostility turned to friendship when...

the groups were required to work cooperatively toward a common goal

Negative punishment can be defined as:

the removal of a stimulus to decrease behavior

After people have agreed to a small request,

they become more likely to agree to a large request

In client-centered therapy, the therapist must show genuine acceptance and empathy for the client, regardless of what he or she said or done. This is called _________.

unconditional positive regard

Since dogs always salivate at the sight of food, salivation in this case would be called a(n) ___________.

unconditioned response

Which of the following therapists is most likely to be used for the treatment of phobias such as fear of flying?

virtual reality therapies