Protein Synthesis & Mutations - CONTENT

C. a gene mutation

A change in the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule is known as A. bacterial transformation B. a chromosomal replication C. a gene mutation D. protein synthesis

A. It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism.

A genetic mutation resulted in a change in the sequence of amino acids of a protein, but the function of the protein was not changed. Which statement best describes the genetic mutation? A. It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism. B. It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism. C. It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism. D. It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism.

A. It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism.

A genetic mutation resulted in a change in the sequence of amino acids of a protein, but the function of the protein was not changed. Which statement best describes the genetic mutation? A. It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism. B. It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism. C. It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism. D. It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism.

D. Newts with the mutation are better able to survive and reproduce than newts without the mutation. (An example Natural Selection too!)

A mutation in an allele in an individual newt gave that newt faster reflexes. It is found that, after many generations, most of the newt population has this new allele. Which of the following most likely caused this change? A. The newt gave its mutated allele to other adult newts. B. Other newts learned to copy the strategies of the mutated newt. C. The same mutation occurred in other newts as a result of environmental conditions. D. Newts with the mutation are better able to survive and reproduce than newts without the mutation.

C. TGGACTTCC

A portion of one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence: ACCTGAAGG. Assuming there are no mutations in this portion of the DNA, what is the corresponding sequence on the complementary DNA strand? A. ACCTGAAGG B. GTTCAGGAA C. TGGACTTCC D. UGGACUUCC

C. UAU CGU GUA CAU

A segment of DNA has this sequence: ATA GCA CAT GTA What is the mRNA sequence transcribed from this segment? A. TAT CGT GTA CAT B. TAT GCT CTA GAT C. UAU CGU GUA CAU D. UAU GCU CUA CAU

B. TCG GTA CAT ATG

A strand of DNA has these bases: AGC CAT GTA TAC What is the complementary DNA strand? A. ACG GAT CTA TAG B. TCG GTA CAT ATG C. TGC CTA GAT ATC D. UCG CUA CAU AUG

B. Each group of three RNA bases codes for a single amino acid.

An RNA sequence is shown below. AUGCCGAAACGU Which of the following statements describes how the RNA sequence specifies the production of an amino acid chain? A. Each individual RNA base codes for a single amino acid. B. Each group of three RNA bases codes for a single amino acid. C. Each group of three RNA bases codes for an enzyme that helps join amino acids together. D. Each individual RNA base codes for the ribosome location where amino acids are assembled.

B. Each group of three RNA bases codes for a single amino acid.

An RNA sequence is: AUGCCGAAACGU. Which of the following statements describes how the RNA sequence specifies the production of an amino acid chain? A. Each individual RNA base codes for a single amino acid. B. Each group of three RNA bases codes for a single amino acid. C. Each group of three RNA bases codes for an enzyme that helps join amino acids together. D. Each individual RNA base codes for the ribosome location where amino acids are assembled.

A. deletion

An alteration of genetic information is shown below. A-G-T-A-C-C-G-A-T --> A-G-T-G-A-T This type of alteration of the genetic information is an example of A. deletion B. insertion C. substitution D. recombination

C. mutation

As part of its structure, a known gene contains the base sequence A-A-T-C-G-A. An alteration of this sequence to A-A-C-C-G-A is known as a A. deletion B. disjunction C. mutation D. segregation

C. ribosomes

Protein synthesis take place in the... A. nucleus B. mitochondria C. ribosomes D. endoplasmic reticulum.

C. DNA

Select the biochemical molecules, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement: A type of nucleic acid that contains paired bases and forms a double helix A. mRNA B. tRNA C. DNA D. ATP

A. mRNA

Select the biochemical molecules, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement: Receives the genetic code for a particular protein from a strand of DNA. A. mRNA B. tRNA C. DNA D. ATP

B. Messenger RNA, only

Select the nucleic acid molecules, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement: Carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A. DNA, only B. Messenger RNA, only C. Transfer RNA, only D. DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA

C. Transfer RNA, only

Select the nucleic acid molecules, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement: Combines directly with amino acids. A. DNA, only B. Messenger RNA, only C. Transfer RNA, only D. DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA

A. DNA, only

Select the nucleic acid molecules, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement: Contains thymine. A. DNA, only B. Messenger RNA, only C. Transfer RNA, only D. DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA

D. ribosomes

Transfer RNA molecules pick up amino acids which are free in the cytoplasm and carry them to A. lysosomes B. chromosomes C. nuclei D. ribosomes

D. ribosomes

Transfer RNA molecules pick up amino acids which are free in the cytoplasm and carry them to A. lysosomes B. chromosomes C. nuclei D. ribosomes

D. DNA determines the amino acid sequence of each protein.

What is the relationship between an organism's DNA and protein specificity? A. DNA becomes a specific part of the protein structure. B. DNA determines the ribosomal RNA sequence that becomes part of the protein structure. C. DNA determines which RNA molecules are incorporated into protein molecules. D. DNA determines the amino acid sequence of each protein.

A. the DNA located in the nucleus of the cell

Which factor most affects the order of amino acids in a protein? A. the DNA located in the nucleus of the cell B. the cell in which the protein is located C. the amount of ATP available for the cell's use D. the area in a cell where proteins are produced

A. encoding genetic information

Which of the following describes the function of DNA? A. encoding genetic information B. storing energy in chemical bonds C. speeding up biochemical reactions D. destroying substances that enter the cell

A. encoding genetic information

Which of the following describes the function of DNA? A. encoding genetic information B. storing energy in chemical bonds C. speeding up biochemical reactions D. destroying substances that enter the cell

C. the sequence of nitrogenous bases

Which of the following features of DNA is most important in determining the phenotype of an organism? A. the direction of the helical twist B. the number of deoxyribose sugars C. the sequence of nitrogenous bases D. the strength of the hydrogen bonds

C. the sequence of nitrogenous bases

Which of the following features of DNA is most important in determining the phenotype of an organism? A. the direction of the helical twist B. the number of deoxyribose sugars C. the sequence of nitrogenous bases D. the strength of the hydrogen bonds

B. gene -> protein -> trait

Which of these best describes the correct sequence in the expression of a trait? A. trait -> gene -> enzyme B. gene -> protein -> trait C. protein -> gene -> trait D. gene -> trait -> DNA

D. DNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, polypeptide

12. The correct order of molecules involved in protein synthesis is... A. messenger RNA, transfer RNA, DNA, polypeptide B. DNA, messenger RNA, polypeptide, transfer RNA C. transfer RNA, polypeptide, DNA, messenger RNA, DNA D. DNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, polypeptide

C. a mutation in the genetic code.

14. A partial DNA sequence for normal hemoglobin and a partial DNA sequence for sickle-cell anemia are shown below. Normal hemoglobin: G-G-A-C-T-T-C-T-T Sickle-cell anemia: G-G-A-C-A-T-C-T-T Based on the DNA sequences, sickle-cell anemia is caused by.... A. a sex-linked trait. B. a dominant nucleotide. C. a mutation in the genetic code. D. an incomplete separation of chromosomes.

D. proteins

For which organic compounds must information be encoded in DNA for green plants to synthesize the other three compounds? A. sugars B. starches C. fats D. proteins

D. mutation

The alteration of genetic material resulting in the appearance of a new trait which continues to appear in a species is known as... A. disjunction B. segregation C. linkage D. mutation

D. DNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, protein

The correct order of molecules involved in protein synthesis is A. messenger RNA, transfer RNA, DNA, protein B. DNA, messenger RNA, protein, transfer RNA C. transfer RNA, protein, DNA, messenger RNA, DNA D. DNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, protein

D. messenger RNA

The instructions for the synthesis of a particular protein are carried from the nucleus of a cell to the cytoplasm by.... A. DNA molecules B. ribosomes C. polypeptides D. messenger RNA

D. messenger RNA

The instructions for the synthesis of a particular protein are carried from the nucleus of a cell to the cytoplasm by A. DNA molecules B. ribosomes C. polypeptides D. messenger RNA

A. nitrogenous bases in DNA

The sequence of amino acids that make up a protein molecule is determined by the sequence of... A. nitrogenous bases in DNA B. sugars in RNA C. cytoplasmic genes in the nucleus D. ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum

B. the order of amino acids in it

The type of a protein molecule is influenced by A. whether it is organic or inorganic B. the order of amino acids in it C. the number of genes found in the nucleus D. the number of chromosomes in the cell