psych bay exam #2
If Professor Kosiba surgically removed the amygdala of a laboratory rat, the rat would most likely become
hungry
Olds and Milner found that a rat kept returning to a location where it had been stimulated by an electrode placed within its
hypothalamus
The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the
hypothalamus
Although James lost some manual dexterity following brain damage from a stroke, the development of new neural pathways enabled him to regain most of his lost agility. This best illustrates the value of
plasticity
the endocrine system consists of:
glands
The release of ________ to muscle cell receptors triggers muscle contractions.
ACH
Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n)
ACH antagonist
Botulin poisoning from improperly canned food causes paralysis by blocking the release of
acetylcholine
Excitatory signals to a neuron must exceed inhibitory signals by a minimum intensity in order to trigger:
action potential
Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage?
amygdala
Which of the following is most clearly characterized by a temporary inflow of positively charged sodium ions through an axon membrane?
an action potential
Any drug molecule that occupies a neurotransmitter receptor site and blocks the neurotransmitter's effect is a(n)
antagonist
After he suffered a stroke, Mr. Santore's physical coordination skills and responsiveness to sensory stimulation quickly returned to normal. Unfortunately, however, he could no longer figure out how to find his way around his neighborhood. It is most likely that Mr. Santore suffered damage to his
association areas
The longest part of a motor neuron is likely to be the:
axon
A neuron is best described as a(n)
cell
After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her
cerebellum
The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem is called the
cerebellum
Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your
cerebral cortex
Mr. Anderson suffers from Parkinson's disease and his shaking arm movements are so severe that he has difficulty feeding or dressing himself without help. His symptoms are most likely to be linked with an undersupply of the neurotransmitter:
dopamine
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in controlling the facial muscle movements necessary for speaking?
frontal
Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments?
frontal lobes
An action potential is generated by the movement of ________ through an axon membrane.
ions
Neurons generate electricity from a chemical process involving the exchange of:
ions
Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by
irritability
Research with split-brain patients suggests that the ________ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.
left cerebral hemisphere
When a person speaks, brain waves and bloodflow are especially likely to reveal increased activity in the
left hemisphere
The amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus are part of the
limbic system
Carlos was born with cataracts in both eyes, which were removed when he was 5. However, because Carlos lacked visual experiences during early childhood he
lost neural connections in areas of the brain normally assigned to vision.
The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the
medulla
Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the
medulla
The brain devotes more tissue within the ________ for body areas requiring the most precise movement control such as the fingers.
motor cortex
Direct stimulation of areas within the motor cortex would most likely result in
movement of the mouth and lips
The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n)
myelin sheath
endorphins are:
neurotransmitters
The visual cortex is located in the
occipital lobes
Which hormone enables contractions associated with birthing and milk flow during nursing?
oxytocin
After Clark's hand had been amputated, he gradually began to feel sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his arm was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of
plasticity
When Stoyka was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Stoyka is now a successful college student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the importance of
plasticity
one function of glial cells is to:
provide nutrients to neurons
The function of dendrites is to:
receive incoming signals from other neurons
Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when, for example, you accidentally stumble over another person's misplaced pair of shoes?
reticular information
Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to
substance abuse disorders
Compared with environmentally impoverished rats, those rats housed in enriched environments experienced a dramatic increase in the number of their
synapses
To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the
synaptic gap
Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?
thalamus
The activity of the hypothalamus most directly influences
thirst