Psych Modules 14-16

Time babies walk by

15 months 50 percent of all babies in the United States are walking within a week after their first birthday.

early adulthood

19-40 years

About _____ percent of adults report a midlife crisis.

25

Samantha and Gebriel take their son to Sea World. When they asked him two years later if he remembered going he answered no. Their son was probably less than ____ years old at the time of the trip.

4

middle adulthood

40-65 years

late adulthood

65 years and older

For the first time in her life, Margaret has little sexual desire. She is not alarmed as this is common in others who are also _____ or older.

75

_____ was one of the first psychologists to describe adolescence.

G. Stanley Hall

Harlow's Monkeys

Showed that tactile and comfort was favored over nourishment

postconventional morality

actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles

accomdation

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

Sharon's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. There is no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for anyone breaking the rules he has decreed. Sharon's father has a(n) _____ parenting style.

authoritarian

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped containers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child suddenly judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one container is inverted. The child apparently lacks a concept of _____.

conservation

According to recent research, one primary cause of Alzheimer's disease seems to be:

deterioration of neurons that produce the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Clay is hiding under his blanket so that he is invisible. He believes that if he cannot see his parents they cannot see him. Clay is demonstrating:

egocentrism

An unarmed 18-year-old African-American man was on his way to college when he engaged in an altercation with a police officer. The ending result was the police officer shot and killed him. Sean is a 19-year-old African-American man who is disgusted about what just took place in his neighborhood. He decides to show his frustration by joining in riots taking place in his neighborhood. Sean is in Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

During adolescence, MOST individuals achieve Jean Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

In part, the trademark impulsivity of adolescence reflects that brain development proceeds more slowly in the brain's _____ than in its _____.

frontal lobe; limbic system

Erik Erikson proposed that at the _____ versus _____ stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or else they may feel a lack of purpose.

generativity; stagnation

Egocentrism

in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view

preoperational stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

sensorimotor stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

concrete operational stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

formal operational stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

infantile amnesia (childhood amnesia)

inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of 4 or so

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter. She frequently ignores her daughter's cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is MOST likely to display signs of:

insecure attachment.

Wilbur is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Wilbur is in the stage of development called _____ versus despair.

integrity

Assimilation

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

authoritative parenting

parenting style characterized by emotional warmth, high standards for behavior, explanation and consistent enforcement of rules, and inclusion of children in decision making

theory of mind

people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

Ty's parents divorced when he was 5. His father moved out of the area, and his mother is kept busy with trying to keep a roof over their heads. Ty is now 13 and has been getting into some minor troubles with school and with the law. Despite this, his mother still allows Ty to come and go as he wishes, she rarely, if ever, punishes him, and gives in to whatever he wants. She feels guilty about the divorce and that he doesn't have a father. Ty's mother has a(n) ____ parenting style.

permissive

Jeannette is in her mid-seventies and she is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry MOST about:

pneumonia.

Ethical principles and basic rights define Kohlberg's _____ level of moral development.

postconventional

Marcus has decided to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity this summer. He has come to realize that he is very lucky. He wants to give back to people who are not as fortunate. Marcus has probably reached the _____ stage of moral development.

postconventional

prospective memory

remembering to do things in the future

preconventional

self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards

object permanence

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Imprinting

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

conventional

uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

Autism is NOT related to:

vaccinations.